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Файл:Mind Matters English for Clinical Psychologists. Учебное пособие
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harmony between the conscious and the unconscious, between the personal
and collective psyche. The integration of the Self means that a person begins to
live in accordance with deep inner values, feeling balance and inner unity.
5. Individuation as a process. This process is not linear and can last a
lifetime. A person goes through different cycles of awareness and integration,
where he returns to previously worked-out archetypes at a new level of
understanding. Individuation is a constant movement towards self—discovery,
allowing you to find meaning and harmony in life.
Part IV
C. G. Jung's personality typology
He identified two forms of orientation:
1. Extroverted. Extroverts tend to be object-oriented, so when choosing a
form of behavior, they rely on the opinions of other people, generally accepted
norms, and not on their own, subjective attitude to the world around them.
2. Introverted. For an introvert, the value of the subject is higher than the
object. When choosing a form of behavior, an introvert pays attention to his
inner experiences and feelings, and not to external circumstances.
Carl Gustav Jung's innovations, developments, discoveries, and research
had different directions, and they had a significant impact on the development
of not only psychological, but also a number of other sciences. The main
achievements of his work were the development of the concept of the collective
unconscious, the identification of archetypes, typologies of personality and
individuation. His ideas remain relevant and inspire those who seek selfdiscovery and development.
2. Match the key terms with their correct definitions
1. Persona
2. Shadow
3. Anima / Animus
4. The Self
5. Individuation
6. Collective unconscious
7. Complex
8. Ego
9. Archetype
10. Introvert / Extrovert
a) Hidden, repressed, or denied aspects of
personality
b) Inner image of the opposite gender within
each person
c) The process of integrating conscious and
unconscious aspects
d) Universal symbols and patterns shared by
humanity
e) Social “mask” shown to others
f) Deep layer of the psyche common to all people
g) Emotionally charged group of thoughts and
memories
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h) Central element of the conscious psyche
i) Central archetype symbolizing inner unity
j) Orientation of personality toward inner or
outer world
3. Answer the questions briefly
1. What are the three main levels of the psyche according to Jung?
2. What role does the Ego play in personality?
3. How is the Shadow important for self-understanding?
4. What is the final goal of individuation?
5. How do introverts and extroverts differ?
4. Write down the sentences in a notebook and mark each statement as T (True)
or F (False) according to the text Correct the false statements using your own
words
1. The Persona represents the true inner self.
2. Complexes belong to the personal unconscious.
3. The Self unites all parts of the psyche.
4. Anima exists only in women.
5. Individuation is a one-time event.
5. Complete the sentences using words from the box and write down in a
notebook
(Persona / Ego / Shadow / Self / Archetypes / Unconscious)
1. The __________ acts as a filter between the conscious and the unconscious.
2. The __________ includes universal symbols shared by all people.
3. The __________ hides qualities that we reject or deny in ourselves.
4. The __________ represents harmony and completeness of the psyche.
5. The __________ is a social role we play in public.
6. Explain in 2–3 sentences
Why is recognizing and integrating the Shadow an essential part of personal
growth and psychotherapy?
7. Imagine a patient feels constant anxiety about being “too emotional”
and suppresses feelings to appear strong and rational. Using Jung’s
theory, identify which archetype conflict this may represent and how a
therapist could help the patient achieve balance.
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8. Complete the sentences using the Second Conditional and write down in a
notebook
1. If a person __________ (ignore) their Shadow, they __________ (struggle)
with inner conflicts.
2. If the Ego __________ (become) too dominant, it __________ (block) access
to the unconscious.
3. If someone __________ (understand) their Persona better, they __________
(communicate) more authentically.
4. Write a short paragraph (100–120 words):
5. “How can the concept of individuation help clinical psychologists guide
patients toward self-awareness and emotional balance?”
9. Draw or describe your own symbolic representation of one of Jung’s
archetypes (e.g., Shadow, Anima, Persona)
Explain in 4–5 sentences:
Why you chose this symbol,
What it means psychologically,
How it might appear in a patient’s dreams or behavior.
10. Write a short paragraph (100–120 words)
“How can the concept of individuation help clinical psychologists guide
patients toward self-awareness and emotional balance?”
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FINAL TASKS
1. Write down the sentences in a notebook and fill in the gaps using the correct
term from the box.
Use each term once.
psychoanalysis
unconscious
archetype
persona
id
ego
superego
individuation
complex
collective
unconscious
repression
shadow
1. According to Freud, the __________ is the storehouse of hidden memories,
desires, and drives.
2. The __________ operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate
gratification.
3. Jung’s concept of the __________ refers to universal symbolic images found
in myths and dreams.
4. The __________ represents the social mask we wear in public.
5. The __________ develops as a moral compass internalizing social rules.
6. __________ is the process of integrating conscious and unconscious aspects
of personality.
7. The __________ contains unacceptable or painful experiences that are
pushed out of awareness.
8. A recurring emotionally charged idea or feeling cluster is known as a
__________.
9. The __________ unites the conscious and unconscious to form a complete
self.
10. Freud’s method of exploring unconscious motives and conflicts is called
__________.
Extension: Write 3 original sentences using any of the above words in the
context of clinical psychology
2. Write a short comparative essay (150–200 words)
Compare Freud’s and Jung’s views on the structure of personality and the
unconscious. Highlight at least three differences and two similarities, and use 8–
10 key terms.
Suggested Vocabulary to Use:
unconscious
conscious
ego
id
superego
archetype
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collective unconscious
repression
individuation
dream interpretation
Tip for students:
Use linking words: whereas, however, both, on the other hand, in contrast,
similarly, according to.
3. Apply theoretical vocabulary in professional clinical contexts.
Scenario:
A 35-year-old patient complains of recurring dreams about being chased. They
report perfectionist tendencies, guilt after anger outbursts, and difficulty
expressing emotions.
Using Freud’s and Jung’s concepts, interpret the patient’s symptoms.
Instructions:
1. Identify 2–3 Freudian concepts relevant to the case (e.g., repression, defense
mechanisms, superego conflict).
2. Identify 2–3 Jungian concepts (e.g., shadow, complex, archetype).
3. Explain briefly (in 5–7 sentences) how each theory would approach therapy
for this patient.
Extension: Suggest one technique from psychoanalysis or analytical
psychology that could be used (e.g., dream analysis, free association,
active imagination).
4. Create a concept map / mind map connecting main ideas from the history of
psychology, Freud, and Jung
Include:
Major theorists (Freud, Jung, Wundt, James, etc.).
Core terms (unconscious, archetype, ego, id, shadow, persona, individuation,
etc.).
Key schools (psychoanalysis, analytical psychology, behaviorism, humanism).
Links between theory and clinical practice.
5. Test
History of psychology
1. The first laboratory of psychology was founded in Wundt in ...
a) 1879
b) 1914
c) 1889
d) 1867
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2. The term "psychology" was introduced:
a) in the 16th century
b) in the 19th century
c) in ancient times
3. What is the name of the current stage in the development of psychology as a science?
a) Psychology as the science of the soul
b) Psychology as a science that studies facts, patterns and mechanisms of the psyche
c) Psychology as a science of behavior
d) Psychology as a science of consciousness
4. Who is the founder of psychology?
a) Aristotle
b) Pavlov
c) Democritus
d) Rubinstein
5. At what stage of development did psychology begin to develop as an independent
science?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
6. Which direction do these principles belong to?
"Man is naturally good and capable of self-improvement; people are conscious, intelligent
creatures, without dominant unconscious needs, conflicts; people are active creators of
their lives"
a) behaviorism
b) humanistic psychology
c) psychoanalysis
7. What concept did Carl Jung introduce in his theory of analytical psychology?
a) Complex
b) The unconscious
c) The collective unconscious
d) The pleasure principle
8. What term was introduced by Sigmund Freud to denote the personality structure
consisting of "It", "I" and "Superego"?
a) Topographic model
b) Structural model
c) Archetypal model
d) The integrative model
9. Which of the following scientists is considered the founder of behaviorism?
a) B.F. Skinner
b) John Watson
c) Carl Rogers
d) Jean Piaget
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10. Who was the first to introduce the term "cognitive psychology"?
a) George Miller
b) Jean Piaget
c) Ulric Neisser
d) Albert Bandura
11. Which of these psychologists developed the concept of self-actualization?
a) Carl Rogers
b) Abraham Maslow
c) Victor Frankl
d) Alfred Adler
12. What term was introduced by Alfred Adler?
a) Inferiority complex
b) Oral fixation
c) Archetypes
d) Conditioned reflex
13. An outstanding Russian scientist of the XVIII century, one of the founders of the
materialistic tradition in Russian psychology, is:
a) Sechenov
b) Lomonosov
c) Postnikov
d) Mikhailov
14. The key concept of analytical psychology is:
a) an artifact;
b) the archetype;
c) the sign;
d) the symbol.
15. The center of consciousness and one of the key personality archetypes, according
to C. Jung's theory of personality. — This is:
a) the ego;
b) person:
c) shadow:
d) self.
16. The concept of "inferiority complex" was introduced into scientific terminology.:
a) K. Jung;
b) A. Adler;
c) Z. Freud;
d) K. Rogers.
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17. Considering the mental structure of a person, Z. Freud showed that the principle of
pleasure is guided by:
a) "It",
b) "I";
c) "Superego";
18. Z. Freud believed that the Oedipus complex develops at the stage of:
a) oral;
b) anal;
c) phallic;
d) genital.
19. Personality is the result of the interaction of an individual's abilities, past experiences,
and expectations, on the one hand, and the environment, on the other, according to:
a) behaviorists;
b) Gestalt artists;
c) psychoanalysts;
e) cognitive scientists.
20. A person's personality largely determines his assessment of the situation, as well as
where control over his actions comes from, according to:
a) behaviorists;
b) Gestalt artists;
c) the Freudians;
d) cognitive scientists.
6. Follow the link or scan QR-code and watch any one or
some videos
• https://2sub.movie/film/freuds-last-session-
2023/?ysclid=mgv47fnv9p16931890
• https://kanobu.ru/articles/6-legendarnyih-filmov-
opsihologii-kodnyu-rozhdeniya-frejda-375361/
Pre-Watching Tasks
1. Vocabulary: Find 5-10 new words or phrases you
expect to hear in the movie and write down their
meanings.
2. Preliminary Analysis: Watch the movie trailer and try
to predict what the story will be about. Write down your
predictions.
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During Watching Tasks
1. Listening Practice: Write down 5-10 phrases or expressions you liked and try
to understand their meanings from the context.
2. Dialogue Practice: Choose one scene and try to repeat the dialogues after the
characters, paying attention to pronunciation and intonation.
3. Character Emotions: Pay attention to the emotions of the characters in
certain scenes. Write down how they express their feelings (e.g., through facial
expressions, gestures, and tone of voice).
Post-Watching Tasks
1. Summary: Write a brief summary of the movie's plot (5-7 sentences) in
English.
2. Character Discussion: Choose one or more characters and write about their
development throughout the movie. How did they change? Why?
3. Themes and Messages: Identify the main themes of the movie and write
about what message it conveys to the audience.
4. Personal Opinion: Write your review of the movie. What did you like or
dislike? Why?
Additional Tasks
1. Cultural Aspects: Research the cultural aspects presented in the movie (e.g.,
traditions, customs). How do they differ from your culture?
2. Book Comparison: If the movie is based on a book, compare them. What was
changed? What did you like more?
3. Alternative Ending Creation: Write an alternative ending for the movie. How
would you change it?
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UNIT 2
Work of Psychologist
1. Read and translate the text
Case History
A psychologist is a professional who specializes in studying the human
mind, behavior, and emotions, and uses this knowledge to help individuals
understand and improve their mental and emotional health.
Clinical psychologists play a crucial role in understanding and addressing
the mental health needs of individuals across various settings such as schools,
hospitals, clinics, or private practices. Their work involves assessing
psychological conditions through interviews, observations, tests, and case
histories to diagnose disorders like depression, anxiety, phobias, personality
disorders, etc., then developing correction plans tailored for each patient's
unique situation using techniques including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
psychoanalysis, family systems approaches, group therapies among others.
The profession of psychology requires strong analytical and
communication skills, as well as a strong understanding of human behavior and
the ability to be empathetic and understanding.
Clinical psychologists concern themselves with people’s mental and
emotional disorders. They assess and treat problems ranging from normal
psychological crises, such as adolescent rebellion or middle-age loss of selfesteem, to extreme conditions, such as severe depression and schizophrenia.
Some clinical psychologists work almost exclusively with children. They
may be staff members at a child guidance clinic or a treatment center for
children at a large general hospital. Child psychologists and other clinical
psychologists may engage in private practice, seeing clients at offices. Clinical
psychologists make up the broadest group of specialists in the field of
psychology.
Just as there are outstanding cases in the history of many sciences, so
there are some in the history of psychology. Next, we will talk about one of the
most interesting cases — the case of Bertha Pappenheim.
In 1880, Anna O. (the alias of Bertha Pappenheim) visited Dr. Joseph
Breuer, expressing concerns about her unusual symptoms. Her limbs were
experiencing temporary numbness, she was unable to speak, and she was
experiencing visual hallucinations. Additionally, she was unable to quench her
thirst despite feeling extremely thirsty. Medical professionals were unable to
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