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Файл:Let’s read!. Учебное пособие по чтению на английском языке
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in schools, lyceums or gymnasiums, they can enter any higher educational
establishment.
The national system of higher education offers various forms of training
specialists: full-time, part-time, extra-mural or correspondence and sandwich-course.
Admission is both by the results of the entrance competitive examinations and the
Uniform Graduation Examination.
In the Russian Federation there are over 2 200 higher educational institutions,
including both public and non-public or commercial higher schools. They are divided
into the following main types:
1. Arts and technical universities, academies, institutes and colleges which
offer a wide range of disciplines.
2. Specialized educational institutions which concentrate on specific fields of
knowledge.
Russia ranks now among the top 10 countries in the world according to the
ratio of its students to the total amount of its population.
The Russian higher education is considered to be one of the best in the world
due to:
1. High standard of education.
2. Solid theoretical base.
3. Stimulation of innovative processes by combining theoretical disciplines
with scientific research.
4. Leading role in humanities and applied sciences.
5. Competitiveness of the Russian diplomas.
6. Cheaper fees compared to those in foreign universities and colleges.
The Russian graduates are today in great demand both at home and abroad. For
example, thousands of the Russian graduates hold the highest posts and successfully
work now in the Silicon Valley, the USA, in the field of new computer technologies.
Keeping to the best national traditions, the national system of higher education
is being constantly modernized. Today Russia needs highly skilled and creative
specialists, who not only meet the demands of science, up-to-date production and
culture, but are capable to foresee the prospects of their further development.
That's why one of the most important educational objectives for today is to
keep the high standard of the Russian education and increase our scientific potential
to be highly competitive in the world.
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Vocabulary:
enter the university — приём, набор, поступать в университет
entrance exams — вступительные экзамены
final exams / finals — выпускные экзамены
applicant / prospective student — абитуриент
freshman — студент 1-ого курса
sophomore — студент 2-ого курса
junior student — студент 3-его курса
senior student — студент 4-ого курса
undergraduate student — студент 5-ого (последнего) курса, студент-
выпускник; аспирант
graduate (grad) student — аспирант
post-graduate student — студент магистратуры
chancellor / president / rector of the university — ректор университета
academic vice-president — первый проректор университета
dean — декан факультета
assistant dean — замдекана факультета
head of (sub)department — заведующий кафедрой
department / faculty / college — факультет университета
senior teacher — старший преподаватель
tutor — преподаватель
academic staff — профессорско-преподавательский состав
dean’s office — деканат
(post-)graduate course — аспирантура
give / deliver a lecture — читать лекцию
diploma with honors — диплом с отличием («красный» диплом)
term / semester — семестр
take a course in smth — брать / изучать курс по …
part-time student / external — студент заочного отделения
full-time student / internal — студент дневного отделения
(group) supervisor — куратор группы
be expelled / dismissed / sent down from — быть отчисленным
secondary education — среднее образование
higher / university / college education — высшее образование
compulsory education — обязательное образование
free / free of charge education — бесплатное образование
(tuition) fee — плата за образование
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grant / scholarship / allowance / stipend / fellowship — стипендия
be good at smth / do well in smth / be at home in — хорошо разбираться,
преуспевать в чем-либо, быть как рыба в воде
all-round education — всестороннее образование
vocational training — профессиональная подготовка, обучение,
профессионально-техническое образование
miss lectures / practical classes — пропускать лекции / практические занятия
confer a degree (on); award / grant a degree — присуждение ученой степени
extra-mural / part-time department — заочный факультет
full-time department — дневное отделение
make good / poor progress in — хорошо владеть чем-либо (иностранным
языком)
have / take a degree in smth — иметь / получить научную степень по …
truant — прогульщик
truancy — (постоянный) пропуск / прогул занятий
play truant — прогуливать занятия
be a success in smth / with smb. — иметь успех в чем-л. / у кого-л.
take / have / pass an exam / a credit — сдать экзамен / зачет
fail an exam — провалить экзамен
con / cram (for an exam); hit the books — зубрить перед экзаменом
thesis (theses) / paper / dissertation — диссертация / научная работа
defend a thesis — защитить диссертацию
be in one’s first / last year — быть на первом / последнем году обучения
graduate from / graduation — закончить / окончание, выпуск
mark / grade — оценка
diploma thesis / paper / course paper — дипломная / курсовая работа
get / acquire knowledge — приобретать знания
(group) monitor — староста группы
sandwich course — комбинированное обучение;
library card — читательский билет
student card / ID (Identification Document) — студенческий билет
Campus — Кампус (территория университета)
dismiss / expel / send down from the university — отчислять из университета
hostel — общежитие
pick up a language — овладеть языком
sit for / study for / read up for an exam — готовиться к экзамену
curriculum / programme — программа обучения
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syllabus / timetable — расписание / программа / конспект, план
maintain an interest in studies — поддерживать интерес к учебе
boarding school — пансион; школа-интернат
comprehensive school — общеобразовательная школа; единая,
комплексная школа
state (state-maintained) school — государственная школа
independent / private / public school (Br.) — частная школа
nursery school / kindergarten — детский сад
primary school — начальная школа
infant school (5–7) — начальная школа
junior school (7–11) — частная начальная школа
preparatory school (6–13) — подготовительная школа
secondary school (11–16 / 18) — средняя школа
grammar school (11–18) — средняя школа (классическая школа)
vocational school / trade school — профессионально-техническое училище
core / foundation subjects — основные предметы
compulsory / optional subjects — обязательные / дополнительные предметы
specialized subjects — специализированные предметы
academic / practical subjects — теоретические / практические предметы
drill / training — подготовка / обучение
Do you agree or disagree with the following statements?
1. Larger schools are better than smaller ones.
2. It is impossible to enter the university if you haven't attended preparatory
courses.
3. The best professors are the oldest ones.
4. It is better to live in a dormitory or student hostel than to rent an apartment.
5. Professors always know more than students and teaching instructors.
Answer the questions:
1. Do people have the right to education in our state?
2. Where can children get secondary education?
3. What forms of training does the national system of higher education offer?
4. What types are higher educational institutions divided into?
5. Why is the Russian higher education considered to be one of the best in the
world?
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Text 2
HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
A university in Great Britain is a place of higher education to which young
men and women may go after finishing the course at a high school, that is, when they
are about 18 years old.
It is true that most students go to a university to study some special subject or
group of subjects, a knowledge of which will make it possible for them to earn their
living as doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, etc. But it is recognized that a
university must do more than supply the facts of medicine, law, engineering or
whatever a man may have to do or teach: it must train its students in such a way that
they themselves will always be eager to search for new knowledge and new ideas.
Of the full-time students now attending English universities three quarters are
men and one quarter women. Nearly half of them are engaged in the study of arts
subjects such as history, languages, economics or law, the others are studying pure or
applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology, or agriculture.
The University of London, for instance, includes internal and external
students, the latter coming to London only to sit for their examinations. Actually,
most external students at London University are living in London. The colleges in the
University of London are essentially teaching institutions, providing instruction
chiefly by means of lectures, which are attended mainly by day students. The colleges
of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institutions and they
mainly use a tutorial method.
This tutorial system began at Oxford and Cambridge, where each college is a
world of its own, with the students in residence, and they can easily appoint tutors to
look after each student individually. The system is also used to some extent in the
other universities to supplement lectures. Generally speaking, there’s one member of
the teaching staff for every eight students in the universities. The tutorial system
brings the tutor into the close and personal contact with the student. The colleges of
Oxford and Cambridge, being residential, are necessarily far smaller than most of the
colleges of the University of London.
Education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as
colleges of technology and agricultural colleges, which prepare their students for
degrees or diplomas in their own fields. The three terms into which the British
University year is divided are roughly 8 to 10 weeks. Each term is crowded with
activity. The students have vacations between the terms.
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A university usually has longer holidays than a school, and in England, in
addition to the long summer holiday, which lasts three or four months, there are a few
weeks at Christmas and Easter during which the students can go home. Many of them
arrange to travel in July, August and September, partly for pleasure and partly for
study. The students of some universities, who have to earn the money to pay for their
education, spend the summer in doing various kinds of work. But it is not always
easy to find employment.
If a person has a London degree, that means he has graduated from the
University of London. A person studying for a degree at a British university is called
an undergraduate; one who has taken a degree is called a graduate. B.A. or B.Sc.
stands for Bachelor of Arts, or of Science, the first degree. M.A. or M.Sc. denotes
Master of Arts, or of Science. One can become a B.A. after 3 years of hard study,
and an M.A. at the end of 5 years.
Life at a university is not all hard work. In fact at some universities in England
and America success in sports and games seems almost as important as success in
studies and it is considered a high honor to be chosen to play for one’s university at
cricket or football. Students of Oxford and Cambridge meet at almost every kind of
sport, including tennis, running and jumping. And sometimes there are sports
meetings between American and British universities.
Vocabulary:
teaching staff, faculty members — преподавательский состав
full-time student — студент(ка) дневного отделения
part-time student — студент(ка) «вечерник»
student of distant education — студент(ка) «заочник»
student of preparatory courses — слушатель подкурсов, «подкурсник»
undergraduate student — студент 1–4(5) курсов
graduate student — студент 5–6 курсов (магистрант, аспирант)
Answer the questions:
1. Where do English young men and women get higher education?
2. At what age do they enter a university?
3. What is the proportion of men and women attending English universities?
4. What subjects are considered to be arts subjects?
5. What do they call pure and applied sciences?
6. What do you understand by internal and external students?
7. How do teaching institutes provide instruction to English students?
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8. Why are the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge called residential
institutions?
9. What is understood by tutors and the tutorial method?
10. Is it characteristic only of England?
11. At what colleges did it begin?
12. Why was it easy to appoint tutors there?
13. Do tutors look after each student individually or after a small group of
students?
14. Is the tutorial system used in other universities of England?
15. At what other institutions can Englishmen get education of University
standard?
16. How many terms is the University year divided into?
17. How long do they last?
18. What vacations (or holidays) have English students?
19. How long do Christmas and Easter holidays last?
20. What do they call the long summer holidays?
21. What do many English students do during their long summer holiday?
22. What do they call a person studying for a degree at a British university?
23. What do they call a person who has taken a degree?
24. What do the terms B.A., B. Sc., M.A. or M. SC. Stand for?
25. How do English students rest?
26. What role does sport play in the life of an English student?
Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1. Helen’s parents were very pleased when they read her school … .
a) report
b) papers
c) diploma
d) account
2. Martin has quite a good … of physics.
a) result
b) pass
c) understanding
d) head
3. In Britain children start … school at the age of five.
a) kindergarten
b) secondary
c) nursery
d) primary
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4. Edward has a … in French from Leeds University.
a) certificate
b) degree
c) mark
d) paper
5. My favorite … at school was history.
a) topic
b) class
c) theme
d) subject
6. It’s time for break. The bell has … .
a) gone
b) struck
c) rung
d) sounded
7. Our English teacher … us some difficult exercises for homework.
a) set
b) put
c) obliged
d) made
8. Before you begin the exam paper, always read the … carefully.
a) orders
b) instructions
c) rules
d) answers
9. If you want to pass the examination, you must study … .
a) hardly
b) enough
c) thoroughly
d) rather
10. Most students have quite a good sense of their own … .
a) grasp
b) ability
c) idea
d) information
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UNIT 9. STUDENT’S LIFE
Text 1
LIFE AT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY
The academic year in Britain’s universities, Polytechnics, Colleges of
Education is divided into three terms, which usually run from the beginning of
October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March,
and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July. There are
46 universities in Britain. The oldest and best-known universities are located in
Oxford, Cambridge, London, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Edinburgh,
Southampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Birmingham. Good A-level results in at least two
subjects are necessary to get a place at the university. However, good exam passes
alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all
British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local education
authority. English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of
foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, way
of student life. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with a
Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may
continue to take the Master’s Degree and then the Doctor’s Degree. Research is an
important feature of university work. The two intellectual eyes of Great Britain —
Oxford and Cambridge Universities — date from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
The Scottish universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh date
from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In the nineteenth and early part of the
twentieth centuries the so-called Redbrick universities were founded. These include
London, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield, and Birmingham. During the late
sixtieth and early seventieth some 20 new universities were set up. Sometimes they
are called “concrete and glass” universities. Among them are the universities of
Sussex, York, East Anglia and some others.
During these years the Government set up thirty Polytechnics. The
Polytechnics, like the universities, offer first and higher degrees. Some of them offer
full-time and sandwich courses. Colleges of Education provide two-year courses in
teacher education or sometimes three years if the graduate specializes in some
particular subject. Some of those who decide to leave school at the age of 16 may go
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to a further education college where they can follow a course in typing, engineering,
town planning, cooking, or hairdressing, full-time or part-time. Further education
colleges have strong ties with commerce and industry. There is an interesting form of
studies which is called the Open University. It is intended for people who study in
their own free time and who “attend” lectures by watching television and listening to
the radio. They keep in touch by phone and letter with their tutors and attend summer
schools. The Open University students have no formal qualifications and would be
unable to enter ordinary universities. Some 80,000 overseas students study at British
universities or further education colleges or train in nursing, law, banking or in
industry.
Vocabulary:
subject — предмет, тема, объект
grant — дар, субсидия, стипендия
authority — власть, администрация
graduate — выпускник учебного заведения
degree — ступень, степень, положение, ранг
research — исследование, изучение, поиски
hairdressing — парикмахерское дело
keep in touch — поддерживать контакт, связь
tutor — руководитель группы студентов, домашний учитель, репетитор
attend — посещать, присутствовать
enter — входить, поступать
train — воспитывать, обучать, готовить
nursing — профессия среднего медицинского образования
law — закон, право, профессия юриста
Read the text again. Point out which sentences correspond to the content of
the text.
1. The students of Polytechnics can get only the first degree.
2. The Redbrick universities were set up in seventieth last century.
3. There are three terms in the academic year in British universities.
4. The students of the Open University get first and higher degrees.
5. One can enter the university if he or she has good result in one subject.
6. College of Education provides four-year courses.
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