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3. What are the prices in your district's market?
4. Where do you go when you want to buy food?
5. Where do you go when you want to buy any foodstuffs?
6. Where do you go when you want to buy meat?
7. Where do you go when you want to buy fruit and vegetable?
8. Where do you go when you want to buy dairy products?
9. Where can you buy bread?
10. What departments do department stores have?
Text 3
AT A DEPARTMENT STORE
Mrs. Presley: Excuse me, how can I get to the
women's department?
Миссис Присли: Простите, как я могу
пройти в отдел женщин?
Shop assistant 1: It's over there, madam.
Right next to the linen department.
Продавец-консультант: Это там, мадам.
Прямо рядом с отделом белья.
Mrs. Presley: Thank you.
Миссис Присли: Спасибо.
Shop assistant 2: Good day. Can I help you?
Продавец-консультант 2: Добрый день.
Могу ли я вам помочь?
Mrs. Presley: Yes, please. I'm looking for a
hat and gloves.
Миссис Присли: Да, пожалуйста. Я ищу
шляпу и перчатки.
Shop assistant 2: Let's see. We have a good
choice of hats and two types of gloves: leather
and suede. Which would you prefer, madam?
Продавец-консультант 2: Давайте
посмотрим. У нас есть хороший выбор
головных уборов и два типа перчаток:
кожаные и замшевые. Что бы вы
предпочли, мадам?
Mrs. Presley: I haven't decided yet. Can I
have a look? Speaking of colors, I would
prefer something more muted, for example,
dark grey or brown.
Миссис Присли: Я еще не решила. Можно
ли мне взглянуть? Если говорить о цветах,
я предпочла бы что-то более
приглушенное, например, темно-серого
или коричневого цвета.
Shop assistant 2: I see. This way, please.
What do you think of these grey leather
gloves and grey hat?
Продавец-консультант 2: Я поняла. Сюда,
пожалуйста. Что вы думаете об этих серых
кожаных перчатках и серой шляпке?
42
Mrs. Presley: They are perfect. May I try
them on?
Миссис Присли: Они идеальны. Могу ли я
примерить их?
Shop assistant 2: Yes, of course. Here you
are.
Продавец-консультант 2: Да, конечно.
Вот, пожалуйста.
Mrs. Presley: The hat is my size but the
gloves are small. Do you have a larger size?
Миссис Присли: Шляпа моего размера, но
перчатки малы. Есть ли у вас размер
побольше?
Shop assistant 2: Just a second, please, I'll
check. Yes, I think we have the right size for
you. Would you like to try them on?
Продавец-консультант 2: Секундочку,
пожалуйста, я проверю. Да, я думаю, у нас
есть ваш размер. Хотели бы вы примерить их?
Mrs. Presley: Yes, of course. By the way,
how much do they cost?
Миссис Присли: Да, конечно. Кстати,
сколько они стоят?
Shop assistant 2: The hat is 19,50 pounds and
the gloves are 24,50.
Продавец-консультант 2: Шляпа —
19,50 фунтов и перчатки — 24,50.
Mrs. Presley: I'll take both, please.
Миссис Присли: Я возьму обе вещи,
пожалуйста.
Shop assistant 2: Ok, I'll take them to the
cashier desk then.
Продавец-консультант 2: Хорошо, тогда я
отнесу их на кассу.
Mrs. Presley: Thank you.
Миссис Присли: Спасибо.
AT A SUPERMARKET
Jane: Have you got the shopping list with
you?
Джейн: У тебя есть с собой список
покупок?
Sarah: No, I haven't. I think I've forgotten it
at home.
Сара: Нет. Думаю, что я забыла его дома.
Jane: Oh dear, you are so absent-minded
these days.
Джейн: О Боже, какая же ты рассеянная в
эти дни.
Sarah: I know, I'm sorry. In fact, I remember
what we need to buy.
Сара: Я знаю, прости. На самом деле, я
помню, что нам нужно купить.
Jane: Great. So, what's on our list?
Джейн: Отлично. Итак, что там по списку?
43
Sarah: We need to buy a carton of milk, a
loaf of whole wheat bread, some vegetables
for salad, a kilo of flour, a dozen of eggs and
a toothpaste.
Сара: Нам нужно купить пакет молока,
буханку белого хлеба, немного овощей для
салата, килограмм муки, десяток яиц и
зубную пасту.
Jane: Is that all?
Джейн: И это всё?
Sarah: I think so. No, wait. We also need
some frankfurters and half a kilo of cheese.
Сара: Думаю, да. Нет, подожди. Нам
также нужно несколько сосисок и полкило
сыра.
Jane: I see. I'll take one bottle of ketchup as
well. We can make some cheeseburgers then.
Джейн: Понятно. Ещё я возьму одну
бутылку кетчупа. Тогда можно будет
сделать несколько чизбургеров.
Sarah: Sound good.
Сара: Отлично.
Jane: Which vegetables do we need for salad?
Джейн: Какие овощи нужны для салата?
Sarah: We need some tomatoes, cucumbers,
bell peppers and onions. We also need a
mixture of herbs.
Сара: Нам нужны помидоры, огурцы,
сладкий перец и лук. Нам также нужна
смесь трав.
Jane: Ok. Let's do that.
Джейн: Oк. Давай так и сделаем.
AT A GIFT STORE
Shop assistant: How can I help you, sir?
Продавец-консультант: Чем я могу вам
помочь, сэр?
David: I'm looking for a wrist watch for my
son. It's his birthday.
Дэвид: Я ищу наручные часы для моего
сына. У него день рождения.
Shop assistant: We have a good choice of
watches, sir. How old is your son?
Продавец-консультант: У нас хороший
выбор часов, сэр. Сколько лет вашему
сыну?
David: He turns eleven next week.
Дэвид: Ему исполнится 11 на следующей
неделе.
Shop assistant: I see. We have some leather
watches, silver watches and the ones with
cartoon heroes.
Продавец-консультант: Понятно. У нас
есть несколько кожаных часов, серебряных
часов, и тех, что с мультяшными героями.
44
David: I'd like to see the leather watches
preferably of dark colors.
Дэвид: Я хотел бы взглянуть на кожаные
часы, желательно темных цветов.
Shop assistant: What do you think of this one,
sir?
Продавец-консультант: Что вы думаете
об этих часах, сэр?
David: The color is good but I don't like the
style.
Дэвид: Цвет подходящий, но мне не
нравится такой стиль.
Shop assistant: I see. How about this one?
Продавец-консультант: Я поняла. Как
насчет этих?
David: It's perfect. How much does it cost?
Дэвид: Они идеальны. Сколько они стоят?
Shop assistant: 59 pounds, sir.
Продавец-консультант: 59 фунтов, сэр.
David: I'll take it.
Дэвид: Я возьму их.
Shop assistant: Would you like to pay by card
or by cash.
Продавец-консультант: Вы хотели бы
заплатить карточкой или наличными?
David: I'll pay by my Visa card.
Дэвид: Я заплачу своей картой Visa.
Translate into Russian:
to go shopping — …
fitting room — …
to pay cash — …
cashier's desk — …
to accept plastic cards — …
shop keeper — …
department stores — …
shop assistant — …
bookshops — …
to buy — to sell — …
shoe shops — …
to try on — …
45
PART 2
UNIT 7. SECONDARY EDUCATION
Text 1
SCHOOL EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Russians have always shown a great concern for education. The right to
education is stated in the Constitution of the country. It is ensured by compulsory
secondary schools, vocational schools, specialized secondary education
establishments and higher education establishments. It is also ensured by the
development of extramural and evening courses and the system of state scholarships
and grants.
Education in Russia is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The stages of
compulsory schooling in Russia are: primary education for ages 6–7 to 10; secondary
education including intermediate school for ages 10–11 to 14–15 inclusive. At the
end of this stage of education in the 9th form the pupils take their finals to get the
Certificate of Basic General Secondary Education. They usually have four exams,
two of them are obligatory — the Russian language and Mathematics, and two more
can be chosen by the pupils.
Usually children continue their further education. There are three ways to get
general secondary education: to go on to a vocational school which offers
programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in some trade; or they
can enter a specialized secondary professional college to be trained in some technical
sphere or to get a profession. But if a pupil of a secondary school wishes to go on a
higher education, he or she must stay at school for two more years to study in senior
classes. So the whole period of getting of the secondary education takes 11 years.
Every school has a “core curriculum” of academic subjects, such as Russian,
Literature, Mathematics, History, Sciences, PT, a foreign language and others.
Lyceums and gymnasiums offer programmes giving a profound knowledge in some
field of study. Some schools specialized in languages or sciences. Now there are
classes with advanced courses in different subjects in many schools.
For children gifted in music, art, sports there are schools that provide general
secondary education and specialized training in different spheres of arts and sport.
46
Education in Russia is non-denominational. But parents if they want can give
their children religious education in schools and classes opened at churches and
mosques.
During the last decade there were many national schools opened in our country
not only in autonomous republics and regions but also in the cities with multinational
population. There the education is in some national languages.
At the end of the last school year in the 11th form the pupils take five exams.
They are the Russian literature (composition) and Mathematics. But they can choose
the other three exams from the list of subjects that have been taught during the last
two years. If they pass them successfully the pupils get their Certificate of General
Secondary Education can go on in higher education.
Vocabulary:
to show a great concern for education — придавать большое значение
образованию
the right to education — право на образование
to be ensured by smth — обеспечиваться чем-то
compulsory — обязательный
a secondary school — средняя школа
higher education establishment — вуз
an extramural course — заочное обучение
evening course — вечернее обучение
state scholarships and grants — государственные стипендии
inclusive — включительно
primary education — начальное образование
intermediate school / middle classes — средние классы
senior forms — старшие классы
to go on in higher education — продолжать образование в вузе
to take finals — сдавать выпускные экзамены
obligatory — обязательный
Certificate of Basic Secondary Education — Аттестат об основном
среднем образовании
an academic subject — академический предмет
a vocational school — училище
to be trained in a trade — обучаться ремеслу (профессии)
a core curriculum — основная программа
a lyceum — лицей
a gymnasium — гимназия
to give a profound knowledge — дать углубленные знания
47
advanced courses — расширенными курсами
gifted — одаренный
composition — сочинение
Certificate of General Secondary Education — Аттестат о всеобщем
среднем образовании
Answer the questions:
1. Is the school education free in Russia or should parents pay fees for the
tuition?
2. Is the school education compulsory or not?
3. Are schools maintained by the state or are they private?
4. Is there any pre-school education in Russia?
5. When does schooling begin?
6. Till what age do children usually stay at school?
7. From what stages does the school education consist of?
8. How long is primary school?
9. What subjects are studied there?
10. What classes can be referred to middle (intermediate) school?
11. What can you say about senior classes?
12. What can you say about the school curriculum?
13. What does an academic year consist of?
14. When do children have their vocations?
15. Are schoolchildren streamed according to their abilities?
16. What are the three ways of getting further education after finishing the
ninth form?
17. What should the pupils do to get their Certificate of General Secondary
Education?
Text 2
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ
Education plays a very important role in our life.
It is one of the most valuable possessions a man
can get in his life.
Образование играет очень важную роль в
нашей жизни. Это одно из самых ценных
вещей, которую человек может получить в
своей жизни.
The literacy rate in Russia is almost 100 %. Half
of Russia’s adults has at least college education.
So Russia has the highest college-level
education in the world.
Уровень грамотности в России практически
равен 100 %. Половина взрослого населения
имеет как минимум профессиональное
образование. Так что Россия имеет самый
высокий уровень среднего
профессионального образования в мире.
48
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ
Russia has pre-school educational system. About
2/3 of children aged 5 attend kindergartens.
Since the age of 6 or 7 children attend school.
Eleven-year secondary education in Russia is
compulsory. School term has 3 stages:
elementary (grades 1–4), middle (grades 5–9)
and senior (grades 10–11) classes.
Россия имеет систему дошкольного
образования. Около 2/3 детей 5-летнего
возраста посещают детские сады. С возраста
6–7 лет дети посещают школу. В России
обязательное 11-летнее школьное
образование. Школа делится на 3 ступени:
начальная (1–4 класс), средняя (5–9 класс),
полная (10–11 классы).
Before 1990 the course of school training was
10-years, but since 1990 school study lasts for
11 years. Education in state schools is free. Male
and female students have equal rights in all
stages of education.
До 1990 года длительность школьного
образования составляла 10 лет, но с 1990
школьное обучение длится 11 лет.
Образование в государственных школах
бесплатное. Учащиеся мужского и женского
пола имеют равные права на всех стадиях
образования.
The school year starts in September 1 and
finishes in May. It is divided into four terms.
Study programme in schools is fixed. It means
that schoolchildren can’t choose subjects they
want to study.
Школьный год начинается 1 сентября и
заканчивается в мае. Он делится на
4 четверти. Школьная программа единая для
всех. Это значит, что школьники не могут
выбирать, какие предметы учить.
When children finish school, they have to pass
the Unified state examination (USE). It’s the set
of standardized tests.
Когда дети заканчивают школу, они должны
пройти Единый государственный экзамен
(ЕГЭ). Он представлен в виде
стандартизированных тестов.
University level of education in Russia is high.
The country inherited a system of high level of
education from the Soviet Union. A student can
continue his / her education in colleges and
universities.
Уровень высшего образования в России
высокий. Эта страна унаследовала систему
полного образования от Советского Союза.
Студент может продолжить образование в
разного рода колледжах и университетах.
Text 3
SCHOOL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
There are about 40,000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is
compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are many
children who attend a nursery school from the age of 3, but it is not compulsory. In
nursery schools they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colors, and
letters. Apart from that, babies play, have lunch and sleep there. Whatever they do,
there is always someone keeping an eye on them.
49
Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary
school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant
schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years
old). In infant schools children don’t have real classes. They mostly play and learn
through playing. It is the time when children just get acquainted with the classroom,
the blackboard, desks and the teacher. But when pupils are 7, real studying begins.
They don’t already play so much as they did it in infant school. Now they have real
classes, when they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher’s questions.
Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts
for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each
year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music,
a foreign language and have lessons of Physical training. Religious education is also
provided. English, Mathematics and Science are called “core” subjects. At the age of
7, 11 and 16 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.
There are 3 types of state secondary schools in Great Britain.
They are:
1) comprehensive schools, which take pupils of all abilities without exams. In
such schools pupils are often put into certain sets or groups, which are formed
according to their abilities for technical or humanitarian subjects. Almost all senior
pupils (around 90 per cent) go there;
2) grammar schools, which give secondary education of a very high standard.
Entrance is based on the test of ability, usually at 11. Grammar schools are single
sexed schools;
3) modern schools, which don’t prepare pupils for universities. Education in
such schools gives good prospects for practical jobs.
After five years of secondary education, at the age of 16, pupils take the
General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination. When they are
in the third or in the forth form, they begin to choose their exam subjects and prepare
for them.
After finishing the fifth form pupils can make their choice: they may either
leave school and go to a Further Education College or continue their education in the
sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for “A”
(Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to get a place at
one of British universities.
There are also about 500 private schools in Great Britain. Most of these schools
are boarding ones, where children live as well as study. Education in such schools is
very expensive, that’s why only 5 per cent of schoolchildren attend them. Private
50
schools are also called preparatory (for children up to 13 years old) and public
schools (for pupils from 13 to 18 years old). Any pupil can enter the best university
of the country after leaving this school. The most famous British public schools are
Eton, Harrow and Winchester.
After leaving secondary school young people can apply to a university, a
polytechnic or a college of further education.
Vocabulary:
compulsory — обязательный
primary — начальный
comprehensive — общеобразовательный
co-educational schools — школы совместного обучения мальчиков и
девочек
to graduate — заканчивать
to accept — принимать
Answer the questions:
1. What do state schools in Britain provide their pupils with?
2. What can parents choose?
3. When do children start primary school?
4. When do pupils take a national exam called GCSE?
5. What prepares pupils for a national exam called “A” level?
6. How long do students study for a degree?
7. Whom do universities and colleges of higher education accept?
UNIT 8. HIGHER EDUCATION
Text 1
HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
Specific character of modern life makes high demands of all our people, their
inner world and their professional skills which are mainly determined by the level of
their education.
In our state all its people have the right to education which is guaranteed by the
Constitution of the Russian Federation. Having got their secondary education
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