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Файл:Learn to read charts and pilot-books. Практикум для СПО
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Nature of seabed
S
Sand
песок
M
Mud
ил
Cy
Clay
глина
Si
Silt
тина
St
Stones
камни
G
Gravel
гравий
P
Pebbles
галька
Cb
Cobbles
валуны
R
Rock
скала
Co
Coral
кораллы
Sh
Shells
ракушки
Wd
Weed
водоросли
Qualifying terms
f
fine
только о песке
мелкий
m
medium
средний
c
coarse
крупный
bk
broken
битый
sy
sticky
вязкий
so
soft
мягкий
sf
stiff
жесткий
v
volcanic
вулканический
ca
calcareous
известковый
h
hard
твердый
S/M – two layers: sand over mud.
fS.M.bkSh – mixed ground: sand with mud and broken shells.
3. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them.
cS.bkSh., soM,Cy., Cy.Si., St,G.Co., fS.bk.Sh., sf.M.bk.Sh., mS.Wd.Co.
4. Phrases to be remembered.
• to send (cause)a heavy sea — вызывать большое волнение;
• in the same direction — в одном направлении;
• in the opposite direction — в противоположном направлении;
• to accept vessels — принимать суда;
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• to accommodate vessels — принимать суда;
• to obtain anchorage — получать якорную стоянку;
• to afford anchorage — предоставлять якорную стоянку;
• to avoid anchoring — избегать постановки на якорь;
• to avoid swinging — избегать разворота на якоре;
• to permit anchoring — разрешать постановку на якорь;
• to prohibit anchoring — запрещать постановку на якорь.
5. Translate the following sentences into Russian, taking into account the
use of the Passive Voice.
1. Anchorage can be obtained in the bight S of the village.
2. Anchor berths are established in areas № 354 and 356.
3. A quarantine anchorage, a dangerous cargo anchorage, a passenger and dry-
cargo anchorages are established 7,5 M NE from B.
4. The port area was divided into outer and inner harbours in 1982.
5. The bank can be passed on either side.
6. Limits of anchorage areas are shown on the charts.
7. Vessels are brought to this anchorage by shore based radar pilotage
irrespective of visibility.
8. This part of the harbor is approached by a dredged channel.
9. Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in area № 634 which extends up 12 M
from the coast between Sevastopol and Mys Sarych as shown on the chart.
10. In bad weather Beachy Head should be given a berth of 2 miles to avoid
the overfalls.
11. Overfalls are caused in bad weather by a ridge of uneven ground,
extending 1 mile SSW from Beachy Head.
12. Overtaking in the vicinity of the Bank is not recommended.
13. The Goodwin Sands are moved by the tidal streams and their form can be
altered extensively as a result.
14. When the channel is obstructed a yellow light is displayed.
15. Anchoring and fishing are prohibited in the triangular area, which is
shown on the chart.
16. The bar is normally cleared by dredging.
17. The Harbour Master should be consulted for the latest information on depths.
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18. A number of holiday resort areas have been established on the Bulgarian
and Romanian coasts.
19. Maximum size of vessels that can be accommodated in the port is draught
in fresh water
4.5 m, length 125 m, width 20 m and height of mast 25 m.
20. Anchorage area is established for dry cargo ships with length of not more
than 170 m.
6. Translate the following sentences into English, using the Passive voice.
1. Суда, стоящие на якоре в Новороссийской бухте, могут быть
захвачены штормом.
2. Всем судам рекомендуется выйти в открытое море заблаговременно.
3. Mожет наблюдаться изменение уровня воды в бухте.
4. Внешние рейды отделены от внутренних двумя молами.
5. Два прохода разделены мелью.
6. В суровые зимы весь район покрывается сплошным льдом.
7. В мягкие зимы может наблюдаться дрейфующий лед.
8. Канал защищен двумя дамбами.
9. В случае ледовых условий помощь ледоколов может потребоваться.
10. Помощь ледоколов должна применяться в соответствии с
действующими правилами порта.
11. Эта якорная стоянка защищена от северных ветров.
12. Инерцию переднего хода можно погасить, отдав якорь.
13. Якорная стоянка может быть получена судами знакомыми с
местными условиями плавания.
14. Позиция якорной стоянки может быть хорошо видна на карте.
15. Якорная стоянка запрещена из-за наличия подводного силового
кабеля.
16. К якорной стоянке следует подходить с юго-запада по каналу.
7. Make up sentences, using the words below.
1. Drawing, water, of, may, vessels, anchor, W, the, above, less, position.
2. Here, although, holding, strong, the, squalls, ground, are, is, good.
3. Obtained, anchorage, be, the, position, may, shown, on, in, the, chart.
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4. Anchorage, may of, obtained, in, be, depths, 11 m, good.
5. Designated, end, anchorages, for, the, loading, three, unloading, and, lie, at,
of, the, main, shelter, channel.
6. 7, shallow, craft, anchor, in, the, draught, cables, can, of, light.
7. Available, small, channel, anchorage, is, vessels, in, for, mid.
8. Read and translate the following passages from the Pilot-book.
1. Designated anchorage areas № 450 and 451 are established in the S part of
Kerch Strait, 5
1/2
miles NNE and NE, respectivity, from Mys Takyl’ (45°06'•00N,
36°27'•00E) a shown on the chart. Area № 450 can accommodate vessels with a
draught of 8 m and Area № 451 is for use by large vessels and vessels carrying
dangerous cargoes. A light buoy (W cardinal) is moored close NW of a wreck with a
depth of 3.5 m.
2. Anchorage, the limits of which are shown on the chart, may be can
accommodate vessels with a draught of 8 m, and Area 451 is for use by large vessels
and vessels carrying dangerous cargoes. A light buoy (W cardinal) is moored close
NW of a wreck with a depth of 3.5 m.
3. Anchorages. Nizhnegnilovckiy Roads for dry-cargo vessels is situated on the
S bank at Km 3140.4 to 3141.4. Depths are 2 to 4 m, mud and bow anchors, but not
alongside another vessel.
4. Monostyrskaya Rossyp, Perekat Roads and Starocherkasskoye Koleno Roads
are for tankers; they are both situated on the S bank at Km 3112.7 to 3114.4 and Km
3108.8 to 3109.6, respectively.
5. Anchorage may obtained in depths of 20 to 68 m. Dangerous underwater
rocks, a wreck with a depth of 23 m and three mooring buoys lie in the SW area of
the anchorage. A submarine power cable passes close to the N boundary of the area.
6. Anchorage may be obtained in the middle of the bay in depths of 24 m and
closer inshore in depths of about 9 m. Vessels carrying dangerous cargoes may
anchor in this bay with the permission of the harbor authorities.
7. Anchorage is obtainable about 2 cables offshore in depths of 31 m however,
this anchorage is not recommended as currents in the vicinity are variable.
8. Anchorage is obtainable. A good berth is in depths of 25 m, mud, with
Gocuk Burnu Light just open NNW of the low sandy NE entrance point.
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9. A designated anchorage lies 2 cables NNW of Yalanci Palatya Burnu.
Anchorage, sheltered from NE winds, is available in a bay in the E part of the harbor,
in depths of between 9 and 11 m. Anchorage is also obtainable off or close E of the
village.
10. Anchoring and fishing are both prohibited in Area № 648, shown on the
chart, at the entrance to Novorossiyskaya Bukhta. This area contains a large number
of obstructions, some of which are shown on the chart.
11. Anchorage for small vessels may be obtained in depths of 9 to 11 m in
coves N and S of the isthmus (44°45´51´´ N, 37°22´91´´ E). A small islet, connected
to Mys Utrish by a bridge is located close NW of the point. In the narrow channel
between the islet and point lies Bolshoy Utrish Subsidiary Fishing Port; a port of
refuge for the fishing fleet.
12. Port of Yalta has five deep-water passenger berths. The main part of the
harbor was dredged to 9,2 m in 2007, but depths alongside range from 4,8 to 9,2 m.
Berth № 1 is 256 m in length with depths alongside of 6,8 to 7,4 m. Berth № 6 to 9
are located on the S mole and a pier and pontoon close N of its head. Berth depths are
shallow and are used for servicing local vessels.
13. Anchorage is obtainable in depths of about 24 m 2
1/2
cables offshore with
Gelibolu Light bearing 220°, as shown on the chart. This berth gives no protection
from NE winds and a considerable swell may set in. The holding ground is not as
good as Gelibolu Limani.
14. Anchorage may be obtained 3 to 4 cables offshore in depths of 6 to 7 m,
mud and sand. The holding ground is good, but space is restricted and it is open W
and SW. A reef is extending about 1
3/4
cables from Beskrovnyy shelters the SE part
of the cove, which is much frequented by fishing craft in summer.
15. Kherson anchorage: foreign vessels anchor between Areas № 614 and 615
in depths of 8 to 13 m. Dry cargo vessels anchor between Area № 614 and № 120
light buoy (1
1/4
miles SW) in depths of 6 to 10 m. A mooring buoy is located 7 cabines
SW of № 122 light buoy. Tankers anchor between № 111 light buoy and Ostriv
Maliy Pot’omkins’kyi (1
1/2
miles ENE) in depths of 10 to 11 m.
9. Answer the following questions.
1. What types of anchorages do you know?
2. What do you mean by “sheltered anchorage”?
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3. What do you mean by “quarantine anchorage”?
4. Where can the ships anchor?
5. What ground is considered to be bad holding ground?
6. Why is it recommended to take soundings?
7. What shall the master do in case of heavy swell?
8. Why is anchoring dangerous with strong winds?
9. Where can a vessel anchor if the depth is too great?
10. What shall be done if the anchor drags while anchoring?
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UNIT VII
TIDES AND TIDAL STREAMS
1. Words to be learnt.
accelerate
ускорять (-ся)
anti-clockwise
против часовой стрелки
attain
достигать
circular stream
круговое течение
clockwise
по часовой стрелке
commence
начинать (-ся)
current
течение (постоянное), поток
contrary /reciprocal c.
противотечение
costal c.
прибрежное течение
diurnal c.
приливное течение с суточным периодом
drift c.
поверхностное течение
eddy c.
круговой поток
ebb c.
отливное течение
flood c.
приливное течение
lee c.
течение по направлению
offshore c.
течение, направленное от берега
onshore c
течение, направленное к берегу
return c.
обратное течение
set of current
направление течения
datum
ноль глубин
deflect
отклонять(- ся) от прямого направления
diminish
ослабевать
diurnal
суточный, дневной
divert
отводить, отклонять (-ся)
duration
продолжительность
ebb
морской отлив
effect
влиять; воздействовать; влияние
estuary
устье
exceed
превышать
flood
прилив, приливной
flow
поток; течь
in-(out) going stream
входящее (выходящее) течение
60
neap
квадратура
obtain
получать, достигать
occur
происходить
overfall
быстрина, толчея, сулой
range
амплитуда
race
течение, быстрина
rapidly
быстро
rate
скорость
average rate
средняя скорость
rectilinearl
прямолинейный
retard
замедлять (-ся)
reverse
поворачивать в обратную сторону
ripple
рябь, зыбь
run
течь, направляться
set
течь в определенном направлении;
устанавливаться
slack period
период стоячей воды
slacken
замедляться, ослабевать
spring
зд. сизигия
tidal stream
приливо-отливное течение
tide
морской прилив
tide-gauge
приливомер
turbulence
турбулентность; бурность
turn
поворот; поворачивать
vary
отличаться, изменяться
variation
изменение, перемена
weak
слабый
flood rise
нарастание паводка
freshet
паводок; половодье
mean neap rise
средняя высота квадратурного прилива
mean rise of tide
средняя высота прилива
mean spring rise
средняя высота сизигийного прилива
neap rise
высота квадратурного прилива
tidal rise
высота прилива; повышение уровня воды при
приливе; прилив
stream
течение
~ of current
направление течения
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