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Файл:Learn to read charts and pilot-books. Практикум для СПО
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11
4. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the
words in italics.
1. The passage northward of B. promontory is difficult because of heavy seas
caused by easterlies.
2. Eastward of the beach there is a small landing stage.
3. Cape of Good Hope having been rounded, we headed northward.
4. There are 3 inlets here, the southernmost is the widest.
5. The British Isles are situated westward of the continent.
6. There are persistent westerlies in the vicinity.
7. Our ship was proceeding along the fairway close to the northern bank of
the river.
8. There is a dangerous patch close southward of point X.
9. Entering the bay is extremely difficult for westbound vessels.
10. With easterly winds to enter the channel is impracticable.
5. Translate from Russian into English.
1. При восточных ветрах.
2. Огонь на оконечности пирса.
3. Утесы на берегу гавани.
4. Опасная узкость.
5. Непосредственно к югу от
оконечности дамбы.
6. Приглубый берег.
7. Судоходный фарватер.
8. Приметные объекты.
9. Остроконечная вершина.
10. Самый восточный остров.
11. К западу от песчаной мели.
12. Узкий пролив.
13. Болотистое дно.
14. Приметный оползень
.
12
UNIT III
LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS
Classes of lights
fixed light
F
постоянный огонь
single-occulting light
Oc
одиночно-затмевающийся
group-occulting light
OC (3)
группо-затмевающийся
composite group occulting light
OC(3+2)
сложный группо-затмевающийся
isophase light
Iso
изофазный
single-flashing light
FL
одиночный проблесковый
group flashing light
FL(3)
группо-проблесковый
composite group flashing light
FL(2+1)
сложный группо-проблесковый
long-flashing light
LFl
длительно-проблесковый
continuous quick light
Q
продолжительный частый
group quick light
Q(3)
групповой частый
interrupted quick light
IQ
прерывистый частый
continuous very quick light
VQ
очень частый
group very quick light
VQ(3)
групповой очень частый
interrupted very quick light
IVQ
прерывистый очень частый
continuous ultra quick light
UQ
продолжительный ультра частый
interrupted ultra quick light
IUQ
прерывистый ультра частый
fixed and flashing light
FFl
постоянный с проблесками
alternating light
Al.WR
переменный
1. Words to be learnt.
Lights
all-round light
круговой, видимый по всему горизонту огонь
anchor light
якорный огонь
auxiliary light
вспомогательный огонь
leading light
створный огонь
masthead light
топовый огонь
navigation(al) light
ходовой огонь
rear light
задний огонь
revolving light
вращающийся огонь
sector light
секторный огонь
side light
бортовой огонь
stern light
гакабортный огонь
13
towing light
огонь буксирующих судов
unwatched light
необслуживаемый огонь
light structures
base
основание
beacon
буй, сигнальный огонь
bridge
мост
belfry
колокольня
building
здание
cairn
пирамида из камней
chapel
часовня
church
церковь
chimney
труба
column
колонна
dolphin
пал
dwelling
дом, жилище
flagstaff
флагшток
girder
балка
groyne
волнолом
hut
хижина
lantern
фонарь
lattice work
решетчатая постройка
light-float
плавучий светящий знак
lighthouse
маяк
lightship
плавучий маяк
light-vessel
плавучий маяк
mast
мачта
pedestal
подставка, основание
perch
шест, веха
pile
столб, свая
pillar
столб, шест, веха
post
столб, веха
tower
башня
turret
башня, башенка
Materials
aluminium
алюминиевый
brick
кирпичный
concrete
бетонный
framework
ажурный
granitic
гранитный
14
iron
железный
lattice
решетчатый
slate
шифер
steel
стальной
stone
каменный
wooden
деревянный
Shapes of light structures
angle
угол
circular
круглый
diamond
ромбовидный
hexagonal
шестиугольный
octagonal
восьмиугольный
pyramidal
пирамидальный
quadrangular
четырехугольный
rectangular
прямоугольный
square
квадратный
shape
форма
triangular
треугольный
base of triangle
основание треугольника
point of triangle
вершина треугольника
Other words
alignment
створ
apart
врозь, порознь
daymark
топовая фигура
distinguish
различать, распознавать
disused
неиспользуемый
eclipse
затмение
elevation
высота (над уровнем моря)
exhibit
показывать, выставлять (огонь)
extinguish
тушить, аннулировать
flash
вспышка, проблеск
guidance
рекомендация, руководство
height
высота (объекта)
obscure
затемнять
range
дальность действия
support
опора
visibility
видимость
15
2. Translate the following definitions.
Navigation aid: An onboard instrument, device, chart, method, etc., intended
to assist in the navigation.
Aid to navigation: A device or structure external to the ship, designed to assist
in determination of position, to define a safe course, or to warn against dangers or
obstructions.
Mark, seamark, navigation mark: An artificial or natural object of easily
recognizable shape or colour, or both, situated in such a position that it may be
identified on a chart. A fixed artificial navigation mark is often called a Beacon.
Light characteristics: The sequence and length of light and dark periods and
the colour or colours by which a navigational light is identified.
Sector light: A light having sectors of different colours or the same colour in
specific sectors separated by dark sectors.
Light sector: As defined by bearings from seaward, the sector in which a
navigational light is visible or in which it has a distinctive colour difference from that
of adjoining sectors, or in which it is obscured.
Lighthouse: A distinctive structure exhibiting a major navigation light.
Light List: A publication giving detailed information regarding lighted
navigational aids and fog signals.
Landfall: The first sighting (even by radar) of land when approached from seaward.
Fog signal: Any of various types of signals used as a warning by vessels
navigating in fog or mist. Sound or light signal emitted in fog or mist by lighthouses
and buoys to indicate a shoreline, channel, or dangerous stretch of water and by
vessels to indicate their position.
Leading line: On a nautical chart, a straight line, drawn through leading marks.
A ship moving along such line will clear certain dangers or remain in the best
channel.
Range lights, leading lights: Two or more lights at different elevations so
situated to form a range (leading line) when brought into transit. The one nearest to
the observer is the front light and the one farthest from the observer is the rear light.
The front light is at a lower elevation than the rear light.
Lights in line: Two or more lights so situated that when observed in transit
they define a position: the limit of an area, an alignment used for anchoring, etc. Not
to be confused with range lights, which mark a direction to be followed.
16
Primary (sea-coast) light: A light established for purpose of making landfall
or coastwise past from headland to headland.
Secondary light: A major light, other than a primary (sea-coast) light,
established at harbour entrances and other locations where high intensity and
reliability are required.
Major light: A light of high intensity and reliability exhibited from a fixed
structure (lighthouse) or on marine site (except range lights). Major lights include
primary sea-coast and secondary lights.
Minor light: An automatic unmanned light on a fixed structure usually
showing low to moderate intensity. Minor lights are established in harbours, along
channels, along rivers, and in isolated dangers.
Nominal Range: The nominal range is indicated on the chart next to the light
or can be found in the Light List. This is the maximum distance at which a light may
be seen at night based upon intensity and 10 nautical miles of visibility.
Light identification
During daytime, the identification of aids to navigation is accomplished by
observing: location, shape, colour scheme, auxiliary features (sound signals,
RACON, etc) or markings (name, number, etc). During the night, we use the features
of the aid to navigation's light to both identify it and ascertain its purpose. There are
three features to describe the light:
• Colour: Either white, red, green or yellow. If no colour is stated in the chart,
default is white.
• Period: The time in seconds needed for one complete cycle of changes.
• Phase characteristic: The particular pattern of changes within one
complete cycle.
3. Read and memorize the full light description.
Fl(3)WRG.15s21m15-11M
Class of light: group flashing repeating a group of three flashes;
Colours: white, red, green, exhibiting the different colours in defined sectors;
Period: the time taken to exhibit one full sequence of 3 flashes and eclipses:
15 seconds;
Elevation of light: 21 metres;(may be given in feet = ft);
17
Nominal range(s): white 15 M, green 11 M, red between 15 and 11 M, where
“M” stands for nautical miles.
4. Give the full description of the lights.
1. Q.G.5m.2M.
2. Oc(2)WRG.16m.14/12M.
3. VQ(3)5s.11m.7M.
4. LFL.WRG.10s.15m.7-3M.
5. ISO.WRG.4s.6m.5-3M.
6. Q(6)+LFl.15s.14m.10M.
7. F.R.
8. Fl(2+1)WR.21s.23m.12M.
9. Q(3)10s.7m.2M.
10. Fl.3s.5m.3M
5. Choose the correct answer.
1. A light which shines continuously.
a) long –flashing;
b) fixed;
c) very quick.
2. A light which has a flash longer than an eclipse.
a) occulting;
b) flashing;
c) alternating.
3. The most visible light.
a) fixed;
b) isophase;
c) occulting.
4. A light which has an eclipse longer than a flash.
a) occulting;
b) flashing;
c) alternating.
18
5. A light which changes its colour.
a) alternating;
b) fixed;
c) occulting.
6. A light which has equal periods of light and darkness.
a) fixed;
b) alternating;
c) isophase.
6. Phrases to remember.
• a light is exhibited from — огонь выставлен на;
• it’s difficult to distinguish — трудно различить (распознать);
• keep alignment in sight — держать по створу;
• keep lights in line — держать огни в створе;
• proceed on the alignment — следовать по створу;
• the alignment of these lights leads — створ этих огней ведет к (в);
• to be in poor repair — быть в неисправном состоянии;
• a shoal is marked by — отмель отмечена;
• at an elevation of 20 m — на высоте 20 м;
• a light is fitted with — огонь снабжен;
• close eastward of — непосредственно к востоку от;
• 22 m in height — 22 м в высоту;
• 2 lights disposed vertically — 2 огня, расположенные вертикально.
7. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions.
1. Lights are exhibited … … grey framework towers, 3 m. … height …
head … each breakwater.
2. The alignment (242˚) … Ecebat light-beacons passes … the SW traffic lane
very close … the separation line.
3. The light is exhibited … white concrete tower and dwelling, 10 m … height.
4. Blue metal masts, 5 m … height , mark the entrance … the harbour.
19
5. The alignment astern … (250˚) … light-beacons leads NE for 5 M … the
entrance … port Yuzhnyy … a position S … . Point Sychavskiy.
6. The alignment … light-beacons leads … a dredged channel marked … light-
buoys.
7. The white sector … the light, bearing … 057o and 067o, indicates the
approach … the harbour … seaward.
8. A light is exhibited … the reef … a beacon, 10m. … height, fitted … a radar
reflector.
9. Light is exhibited … an elevation … 15 m, … a position close E.
10. Leading lights, bearing 143o, lead … the port.
8. Translate into English.
1. Серая бетонная башня с белой горизонтальной полосой.
2. Белая решетчатая постройка.
3. Каменная башня с флагштоком.
4. Кирпичное здание с колокольней.
5. Пирамида из камней на пляже.
6. Ажурная постройка с башенкой.
7. Красная шестиугольная башня.
8. Белая хижина с черным основанием.
9. Черный шест с белыми вертикальными полосами.
10. Белый береговой знак с черными горизонтальными полосами.
9. Make up sentences, using the words given below.
1. A, exhibited, from, light, a, concrete, 20 m, height, tower, in, white, is.
2. In, lights, 235°, the, entrance, line, to, two, bearing, lead, port.
3. This, is, vessels, harbor, extinguished, when, light, cannot, the, enter, the.
4. May, lights, be, distinguish, these, against, the, lights, night, difficult, town, at.
5. 1 ¾ cables, close, breakwater, offshore, of, lights, W, extends, stone, a ,
stand, the, which.
6. Alignment, leads, of, lights, the, approach, by, through, these, channel,
marked, is, light-buoys, the, which.
20
7. Exhibited, day-mark, the, is, a, and, white, red, light, mast, a, with,
triangular, from.
8. Are, major, equipped, emergency, which, lights, come, some, lights,
operation, with, automatically, to.
10. Read and translate the following passages from the Pilot-book.
Kemer North Pierhead. Date unknown. Active; focal pane 11 m; red flash
every 3 s. 8 m round cylindrical tower mounted on the roof of a 1-story pier head
building. Tower painted red with two narrow white horizontal bands. In the past, the
tower has been painted white and for a time it was red with wider white bands.
Located on the main pier at Kemer.
Alanya. Active; focal plane 209 m; one long (2 s) white flash every 20 s. 6 m
round cylindrical masonry tower with lantern and gallery, attached to the seaward
side of a 2-story masonry keeper's house. Entire lighthouse painted white. Alanya is a
modern resort city with very popular beaches, but looming above the beaches is a
mountainous peninsula projecting into the Mediterranean. Atop the peninsula is the
old fortified city of Alaiye, now called Alanya Castle, built by the Seljuk Turks in the
13th century as their capital. The lighthouse is near the south end of the peninsula,
attached to the outer wall of the citadel. Site status unknown, but it should be possible
to see this lighthouse from Kale (Castle) Road.
Beachy Head Lighthouse (circular grey tower, 14 m in height disused)
(50º 44′N, 0º 13′ E). The lighthouse stands near the summit of Belle Toute cliff, 1mile
W of Beachy Head. Beachy Head Light (white round tower, red band, 43 m in height)
(50º44′•0N, 0º14′•6E). The lighthouse stands on drying rocks, which extend from the
foot of the cliff below the head. Power cables, marked by red spheres, run from the
lighthouse gallery to the cliff top close N.
Baltiysk North Mole. Date unknown (station established 1884). Active; focal
plane 13 m; red flash every 3 s. 8 m post painted red with a white horizontal band.
A photo is available, and Google has an indistinct satellite view. Lightphotos.net has
a historic photo of the original lighthouse, which was probably destroyed in World
War II. Located at the end of the north breakwater at the entrance to Baltiysk and the
Vistula Lagoon.
Baltiyskaya Kosa (Baltiyskoy Kosy) Range Front. Date unknown. Active;
focal plane 26 m; white light, 2 s on, 2 s off. Approx. 24 m triangular pyramidal
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