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Файл:Learn to read charts and pilot-books. Практикум для СПО
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21
skeletal tower with central cylinder, lantern, and double gallery. Upper half of the
lighthouse painted red, lower half white.
Derbentskiy (Derbent). 1853. Active; light characteristic unknown. Octagonal
stone lighthouse, height unknown, with lantern and gallery. The lighthouse is
unpainted white stone; lantern painted white with a red roof. This is the oldest of the
Russian lighthouses on the Caspian Sea. The lighthouse is reported to be in great need
of restoration. Derbent, not far from the border of Azerbaijan, is the southernmost
city in Russia. It is also the oldest city in Russia, dating from around the 8th century
BC. The city's famous walls, known as the Caspian Gates, originally stretched for
40 km from the sea to the Caucasus Mountains. Located in the city, at the
southeastern corner of Kirov Park.
Obzornyy. Date unknown. Active; focal plane 54 m (177 ft); white light, 2 s
on, 3 s off. 22 m (72 ft) round masonry tower, brick over a stone base, with gallery.
The original lantern has been replaced by a short skeletal tower carrying a small
modern lantern. The brick tower is painted in orange-red and white horizontal bands;
the stone base is unpainted, and the skeletal tower is painted red. Located on the coast
a few kilometers south of Yantarny and about 35 km (22 mi) north of Baltiysk.
Gorodets (Gorky, Nizhny Novgorod) Locks Upper Entrance. North. 1957.
Inactive. 10 m (33 ft) square concrete tower, wider at the top, with a
lantern/observation room. Tower painted white, observation room brown. Located at
the end of the north mole sheltering the locks, at the city of Gorodets. Accessible
only by boat (the mole is detached from shore). Full example of a light description
in the chart.
Volgograd Locks Lower Entrance. 1960. Inactive. Approx. 12 m square
skeletal tower mounted atop a round concrete tower. The lighthouse is unpainted;
lantern is red metallic. Located on the west side of the entrance to the canal leading to
the locks on the downstream side of Volgograd Dam.
Volgodonsk Breakwater North. 1953. Active. Approx. 26 m square concrete
tower with a round, colonnaded chamber topped by a gallery. The lighthouse is
unpainted concrete. Located at the north end of the detached breakwater sheltering
the upper entrance to the locks of the Tsimlyansk Dam at Volgodonsk. Accessible
only by boat. Site open, tower closed.
22
Lazarevskoye. Date unknown. Active; focal plane 96 m; white light, 1.5 s on,
4.5 s off. 14 m square skeletal tower with lantern and gallery. The front of the tower
is covered with a slatted daymark painted white with a red vertical stripe. Located on
heights above Lazarevskoye, a resort town about 30 km northwest of Sochi.
Novorossisk (Vostochhniy Mol, East Mole) Range Front. Date unknown
(station established 1834). Active; focal plane 24 m; green light, 1,5 s on, 1,5 s off.
21 m round concrete tower with lantern and gallery, painted white with narrow red
horizontal bands. Nautophone fog signal (5 blasts every 60 s). Located at the end of
the east breakwater protecting the harbor of Novorossisk. Site and tower closed.
11. Read and describe the tallest lighthouses.
Order name
and location
Construction
Height
Range
Characteristic
Year
Remarks
Jeddah Light,
Concrete and
436 feet
25NM
(46,29 km)
Fl (3) W 20s
1990
has a tower
Perry
Memorial
Monument
granite
352 feet
(107 m)
1915
The tallest
in North
America
Yokohama
Marine
Tower
high lattice
tower
348feet
(10m)
25NM
(46,29 km)
Al Fl R G
20s
1961
Inner
Harbour
Japan
ÎleVierge
cylindrical
tower with
balcony and
lantern
271 fееt
(82,5m)
50,31 km
Fl W 5s
first lit
1902
Auto20
10
France
Lighthouse
of Genoa
Stone, Unpaint
ed
249 feet
(76 m)
25NM
(46.29 km)
Fl(2)W.20s.
1128,
1543(lit)
1936(auto)
Italy
Phare de
Gatteville
Granitecylindri
cal tower
247 feet
(75 m)
29NM
(54 km)
Fl (2) W 10s
1775
1835(lit)
1984(auto)
France
f.s.Horn:
(60meters
N.E.) 2 bl.
ev. 60s (bl.
2s, si. 3s, bl.
2s, si. 53s).
23
Lesnoy Mole
Rear Range
Light
concrete tower
239 feet
(73 m)
10NM
(19 km)
Oc R 4s.
Location
St.Petersbur
g Russia
Mulan Tou
Lighthouse
concrete tower
237 feet
(72 m)
25NM
(46,29 km)
Fl (2) W 15s.
1995
China
Baisha Men
Lighthouse
concrete
white tower
236 feet
(72 m)
18NM
(33,21 km)
Fl W 6s.
2000
China
Storozhenski
y Light
cylindrical
stone tower
233 fееt
(71m)
Fl WRG
1907
Lake
Ladoga
Leningrad
Oblast
Russia
12. Read the information about fog signal emitters.
The Diaphone (Dia) uses compressed air and
generally emits a powerful, low-pitched
sound, which often concludes with a brief
sound of suddenly lowered pitch termed the
“grunt”. Where it is known that the sound
does not terminate in a “grunt”, the signal is
annotated “No grunt”
Диафон — использует сжатый воздух и
обычно издает звук низкого тона, который
часто заканчивается коротким звуком
пониженного тона, называемого “grunt”
(хрюканье). Если такой звук не издается,
то в описаниях есть пометка “NoGrunt”
The Horn (Horn) uses compressed air or
electricity to vibrate a diaphragm and exists in
a variety of types which differ greatly in their
sound and power
Наутофон — для колебания мембраны
используется сжатый воздух или
электричество. Излучает сигналы ровного
тона
The Siren (Siren) uses compressed air and
exists in a variety of types which differ
considerably in their sound and power
Сирена — используется сжатый воздух и
издает звуки одного или разного тона
The Reed uses compressed air and emits a
weak, high-pitched sound; it is particularly
weak when hand-operated
Горн — используется сжатый воздух и
издает слабый звук низкого тона, и
особенно слабый звук, когда приводится в
действие вручную
The Explosive emitter (Explos) produces
short reports by the firing of explosive
charges
Излучатель взрыва — издает короткие
звуки взрывом специального патрона
24
The Bell (Bell), the Gong (Gong)and the
Whistle (Whis) may be operated by
machinery, sounding a regular character; by
hand, sounding a somewhat irregular
character; or by wave action, sounding
erratically
Колокол, гонг и ревун — могут
действовать механически, издавая звуки
регулярного характера, а также приводятся
в действие вручную, при этом звуки не
имеют регулярного характера или
вызываются действием волны
Morse code fog signals (Mo) — in
similar manner to lights, the abbreviation
“Mo” is included in the abridged
description of fog signals which consist of
one or more characters of the Morse code
Туманные сигналы по азбуке Морзе —
как и для огней, сокращение таких
туманных сигналов включает в себя буквы
«Мо» и буквы по азбуке Морзе, из которых
состоит излучаемый сигнал
13. Answer the questions.
1. What kinds of lights do you know?
2. What do we call “leading lights”?
3. How is the height of light structure measured?
4. What color may the lights be?
5. What structures can the lights be exhibited from?
6. What material may these structures be made of?
7. What is the difference between navigation aids and aids to navigation?
8. Where can the information about lights be found?
9. What is a light-house?
10. Can the light be always depended on?
25
UNIT IV
BUOYS AND BEACONS
1. Words to be learnt.
Beacons
beacon
знак на воде или на берегу
day b.
дневной (несветящий) знак
directional (radio) b.
направленный радиомаяк
fairway b.
знак, ограждающий фарватер
fixed b.
стационарный навигационный знак; береговой знак
flashing b
проблесковый знак
floating b
плавучий знак
front b
передний знак
hazard b
знак,ограждающий опасность для пл
identification b
опознавательный знак
landmark b.
береговой ориентир
leading b.
створный знак
light b
светящий знак
nondirectional radio b.
ненаправленный радиомаяк
perch b
знак с шестом; шестовая веха
pile b
навигационный) знак на сваях
pillar (pole) b.
столбовидный знак
rear b
задний знак
Buoys
buoy
ограждать (обставлять) буями
acoustic b.
буй со звуковой сигнализацией
ball spar b
веха с шаром
bar b
буй, ограждающий бар
Barrel b
бочкообразный буй; бочка
beacon b.
столбовидный буй
bell b.
буй с колоколом
bell-and-whistle b
буй с колоколом и свистком
bifurcational b
буй, указывающий разветвление фарватера
broom b
веха с голиком
cardinal b.
кардинальный буй
26
can b.
цилиндрический (тупоконечный) буй
cask b
бочкообразный буй
channel b
буй ограждения каналов или фарватеров
chequered b.
буй шахматной окраски
combination b.
комбинированный буй (со светом и звуковым сигналом)
conical b
конический буй
cylindrical b
цилиндрический буй
dragging b.
буй ограждения района дноуглубительных работ
fairway b
буй ограждающий фарватер
flashing b
буй с проблесковым огнем
fog b
туманный буй
horizontally striped b.
буй с горизонтальными полосами
horn b
буй с сиреной
isolated danger b
буй, ограждающий отдельно лежащую опасность
junction b
буй при соединении двух фарватеров
landfall b
подходной буй
lateral b
латеральный буй
light b
светящий буй
midchannel b
осевой буй фарватера или канала
mooring b.
швартовная бочка
nun b
биконический буй (из двух конусов, соединенных основаниями)
numbered b
пронумерованный буй
obstruction b
буй ограждения подводных препятствий
pillar b.
столбовидный буй
port-hand b.
буй левой стороны фарватера
radar reflector b
буй с радиолокационным отражател
safe water
буй, указывающий на безопасный проход
sea b.
входной буй (ограждающий вход в канал или гавань)
spar b.
столбовидный буй; веха
special purpose b
буй специального назначения
spherical b.
сферический (шарообразный) буй
staff b.
столб, шест
starboard-hand b.
буй правой стороны фарватера
topmark b.
буй с топовой фигурой
unlit b.
несветящий буй
vertically striped b
буй с вертикальными полосами
27
wreck b.
буй на месте затонувшего судна
buoyage
ограждение (фарватера) буями
Topmarks
topmark
топовая фигура
daymark
несветящий навигационный знак; топовая фигура
square
квадрат
triangle
треугольник
sphere
сфера; шар
drum
цилиндр
diamond
ромб
cylinder
цилиндр
cone
конус
rectangle
прямоугольник
Other words
band
полоса (горизонтальная)
even
четный
lay (laid)
устанавливать
mark
знак, отметка; отмечать, ограждать
moor
устанавливать (буй)
move
движение, перемена места; передвигать (-ся)
odd
нечетный
replace
заменять, замещать
shape
форма
stripe
полоса (вертикальная)
superimpose
накладывать друг на друга
surmount
увенчивать
withdraw (the buoy)
убирать, снимать
2. Read and translate the following text.
Buoys and Beacons
Buoys are floating traffic signs. They direct the mariners to safe navigable
waters. Each boy can be identified by its shape, and color. Some of the buoys are
surmounted by top marks and carry lights.
In 1980 the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)
adopted the rules of a new system, which combined the previous two systems (the
28
Lateral buoyage system and the Cardinal buoyage system) into one, with two regions
(A and B). Buoys in the Lateral system are used to indicate the port and starboard
sides of the fairways. Buoys in the Cardinal system are used to indicate how to pass a
danger in a certain area.
Five types of marks (buoys) are provided by the System: Lateral, Cardinal,
Isolated Danger, Safe Water and Special marks. Most lighted and unlighted beacons,
other than leading marks, are included in the System. The lateral marks in the Region
A and B are different, but the other four signs (i.e. cardinal, safe water, isolated
danger and special) are identical for both regions.
Lateral marks
Most countries in the world use the IALA-A System, but the IALA-B System
is used in North America, Central America and South America, the Philippines, Japan
and Korea. One big difference between the two systems is that the color of the buoys
on either side of a channel is reversed.
Region A
Region A is also called red to port, because red buoys are on the port (left) side
of the channel and green buoys are on the starboard (right) side when entering a
harbor (reversed when departing). The ship must pass between them for safety,
keeping the red buoy on her port side and the green one on the starboard side.
Port marks are red and may have a red flashing light. Starboard marks are
green and may have a green flashing light.
Region B
Region B is exactly the opposite, and is called red to starboard, which means
that green buoys show the port (left) side of channel and red buoys mark the starboard
(right) side of channel.
Port marks are green and may have a green flashing light. Starboard marks are
red and may have a red flashing light.
It is important to mention that the shapes of the buoys remain the same (does
not depend on the region). Starboard-hand buoys are pillar, spar or conical (nun).
They can have a conical top mark. Port-hand buoys are pillar, spar or cylindrical
(can) with a cylindrical top mark.
29
Cardinal marks
A cardinal mark is used to indicate the position of hazards of large extent and
the direction of safe water. Cardinal marks indicate the direction of safety as a
compass direction (north, east, south or west) relative to the mark. The Mariner is
safe if he passes N of a North mark, E of an East mark, S of a South mark and W of a
West mark. Cardinal marks may be used to:
• indicate that the deepest water in an area is on the named side of the mark;
• indicate the safe side on which to pass a danger;
• draw attention to a feature in a channel such as a bend, junction, branch, or
end of a shoal;
• draw attention to a new danger such as a grounded ship.
Cardinal buoys are always fitted with two black cones.
Black and yellow bands are used to color Cardinal marks. The position of the
black band, or bands, is related to the points of the black top marks.
Cardinal buoys are pillar- or spar-shaped.
White lights are exhibited from Cardinal marks which are lighted. Their
characteristics are based on a group of quick flashes which distinguish them as
Cardinal marks and indicate their quadrant.
Parts of world
Topmarks
Colours
Lights
North
Two cones — points up
Black above yellow
Q.
South
Two cones — points down
Yellow above black
Q(6)+LFl.10s
West
Two cones — points inward
Yellow with black band
Q(9)
East
Two cones — points outward
Black with yellow band
Q(3)
Isolated Danger marks
An Isolated Danger mark is a sea mark used to indicate a hazard of limited
extent such as a wreck or partially submerged rock in the nearest vicinity of the buoy.
Ships should keep clear of it. They may pass it from any side.
The isolated danger buoy is always surmounted by two black spheres (balls),
disposed one above the other.
30
Black with one or more red bands are the colors used for Isolated Danger
marks.
Isolated danger marks are pillar- or spar-shaped. A white group flashing light
with two flashes in a group is exhibited from Isolated Danger marks.
Safe Water marks
A Safe Water mark is used to indicate that there is navigable water (safe water
of sufficient depth) all round a mark. Such a mark may be used as a centerline, midchannel or landfall buoy, or to indicate the best point of passage under a fixed bridge.
A ship can pass any side of it.
The safe water buoy is fitted with a single red sphere.
Red and white vertical stripes are used for Safe Water marks. Spherical, pillar
or spar buoys are used as Safe Water marks.
A white light, occulting, or isophase can be exhibited from Safe Water marks.
Special marks
A special mark is used to indicate a special area or feature, the nature of which
is apparent from reference to a chart. Special marks can indicate: anchorage areas,
mooring areas, pipelines, spoil ground, cables, recreation zones.
The special buoy carries a yellow cross. The color of the Special Mark
is yellow.
They may have any shape but they must not conflict with those used for the
other marks. A yellow light is used. The class of light may be any, other than those
used for Cardinal,
Isolated Danger and Safe Water marks.
3. Match the term with its definition.
Type
Definition
Special purpose
buoy
is a buoy moored on or above an isolated hazard of limited extent, which
has navigable water all around it.
Safe water buoy
is used to indicate the port or starboard- hand side of the route to be
followed.
Cardinal buoy
is used to indicate that there is navigable water around the mark
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