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Файл:Learn to read charts and pilot-books. Практикум для СПО
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31
Lateral buoy
is primarily used to indicate an area or feature, the nature of which is
apparent from reference to a chart, Sailing Directions or Notices to
Mariners (UKHO NP 735, 5th Edition).
Isolated danger
buoy
is used in conjunction with the compass to indicate where the mariner may
find the best navigable water. It is placed in one of the four quadrants
(North, East, South and West), bounded by inter-cardinal bearings from
the point marked.
4. Match the color with the type of the buoy.
Green
Isolated danger buoy
Yellowabove black
Special purpose buoy
Red and white vertical stripes
Starboard-hand lateral buoy (region A)
Black with yellow band
North cardinal buoy
Black above yellow
Safe water buoy
Red
South cardinal buoy
Black with red band(s)
East cardinal buoy
Yellow
West cardinal buoy
Yellow with black band
Port-hand lateral buoy (region A)
5. Match the top mark with the type of the buoy.
Single cone (triangle)
Isolated danger buoy
Double cone points up
Special purpose buoy
Two black spheres
Starboard side
Red ball
North cardinal
Two triangles points down
Safe water buoy
Two cones points apart
South cardinal
Yellow cross
East cardinal
Cylinder
West cardinal
Double cone points together
Port side
32
33
6. Study the following symbols used on admiralty charts.
7. Look at the chart and describe the buoys.
8. Translate and memorize the following sentences.
1. This is a buoy of no navigational significance.
2. Alignment of the beacons leads to the hourbour entrance.
3. The light is shown by day and by night.
4. Beacons are lit on request.
5. You can identify the beacon by its colour.
6. The channel is buoyed (unbuoyed).
7. Leave this buoy to starboard (port).
8. You can pass this buoy on either side.
9. Beacons are moved to reflect changes in the bar.
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10. Beacons are moved without notice.
11. A number of buoys are not charted.
12. These buoys should not be relied upon.
13. Light buoys may be replaced by unlit buoys.
9. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Эти буи ограждают отдельно лежащие опасности.
2. С какой стороны следует пройти этот буй?
3. Вы можете обойти этот буй с любой стороны.
4. Множество буев не нанесено на карту.
5. Светящие буи могут заменяться несветящими в период с апреля по
октябрь.
6. Канал огражден буями.
7. Оставьте этот буй справа (слева).
8. На положение буев в этом районе нельзя полагаться.
9. Следуя в порт, приведите знаки в створ.
10. Знаки переставляются часто без предварительного уведомления в
извещениях мореплавателям.
11. Буй увенчан конусом красного цвета.
12. Красный цилиндрический буй стоит на северной стороне мели.
13. Белый столбовидный буй, увенчанный красным шаром, установлен на
глубине 18 метров.
10. Make up sentences, using the words given below.
1. Withdrawn, the, in, buoy, winter, is.
2. Is, black, buoy, moored, spar, a, of, the, western, on, shoal, edge, the.
3. Light, showing, flashing, a, is, port, moored, buoy, white, 8, light, of,
entrance, the, NW.
4. Marks, a, spar, black, the, shoal, outer, extending, of, end, the, SE.
5. Rectangular, two, white, are, 3, apart, cables, beacons, situated.
6. With, rock, a, bell-buoy, depth, a, marked, of, 20, is, m, by, a.
7. Are, moored, buoys, four, end, seaward, of, pipeline, at, a, mooring, the.
8. By, a, marked, light-buoy, wreck, is, dangerous, a.
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9. A, there, number, are, of, buoys, vessels, mooring, small, in, water, the,
shoal, for.
10. Wreck, a, lies, middle, dangerous, of, about, bay, miles, off-shore, 9, in, the.
11. In, bearing, 125˚, stand, beacons, cables, NE, of, rock, the, of, leading line.
11. Read and translate the following passages from the Pilot-book.
1. A white conical buoy is moored on the southern side of the fairway
northward of the rock lying eastward of Doboy.
2. A can buoy and red spar buoy lie on the south-eastern side of the reef on the
northern side of the approach, at a distance of 16 miles, 82° true, from Zumber
Lighthouse.
3. A spherical buoy painted in black and white horizontal stripes, surmounted
by an iron staff and cross, lies close south-eastward of Cabretta.
4. A black spindle buoy with cylindrical topmark is moored off the extreme of
the shallow reef, extending about 1½ cables southward from rocky ledges.
5. The approach to the channel to Sewall Harbour is marked by two black
barrel-shaped buoys. The outer buoy is moored in 4¾ fathoms and 2¼ miles southwestward of the lighthouse. The inner buoy, conical, is moored on the outer edge of
the bar about 2 miles south-westward of the lighthouse.
6. The channels are marked by leading beacons, consisting of posts with
diamond shaped top mark, painted black with a white vertical line, erected on the
banks of the river.
7. A light-and-bell-buoy, with red and black horizontal bands, and showing
a short white flash every two seconds, is moored on the north-eastern side of
Potter Rock.
8. A red beacon, surmounted by a cone, marks the outer end of a reef which
extends about 3 cables west-south-westward from Clover, the eastern entrance point.
9. A pile beacon with red triangular day-mark stands on the south-easternmost
island of the group extending from the western shore at the entrance, and half a mile
south-westward from the light.
10. A green wreck buoy lies close eastward of the black beacon buoy and on
south side of a sunken wreck, on which there is a least depth of 26 feet. A red bell
buoy with a staff is established close off the western extremity of Doboy.
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11. Black Deep lies between Sunk Sand to the NW and Long Sand to the SE,
both of which dry in parts. The fairway is generally 1½ miles wide, but narrows at its
SW end to 5 cables and is marked by numbered light-buoys, odd numbers to the NW
and even numbers to the SE.
12. SE of Maplin Sands, which lie along the whole of NW side of West Swin
and are marked on their E side by Maplin Light-buoy (E cardinal). Maplin Sands
extend about 3 miles offshore from the coast between Foulness Point and
Shoebury Ness.
13. Two buoys, which indicate the direction of the tidal stream, are moored,
one 1 mile WNW of the entrance to Port Quest and the other 4 cables WNW of the
entrance to Port Est. Seen from the N they show by day the side painted black and by
night a white light over an orange light when the stream is E-going. When the stream
is W-going they show their white side (day) or two white lights (night).
14. The alignment of the following beacons leads over the bar to the entrance
which is about 1 cable wide and lies between drying banks of shingle: front beacon
(red post, white triangular top mark), rear beacon (red post, red square top mark).
These beacons are moved as necessary to reflect changes in the bar and the channel.
The beacons may be lit at night on request.
12. Answer the questions.
1. What is the lateral system used for?
2. What is the cardinal system used for?
3. What lights may be exhibited from Lateral buoys?
4. How is the starboard side of the fairway indicated in the A-system?
5. How is the port side of the fairway indicated in the A-system?
6. What will give the navigator information regarding the vessel’s
position in reference to the position of the danger?
7. How are the North (South, West, East) Cardinal buoys indicated?
8. What color light are isolated danger marks fitted with?
9. What do safe water marks indicate?
10. What are the yellow spherical buoys used for?
37
UNIT V
DANGERS/HAZARDS
1. Words to be learnt.
bank
банка, отмель
bar
бар, отмель
bight
бухта
breaker
бурун
cliff
утес
flat
отмель
ledge
риф, гряда камней
obstruction
препятствие, опасность
patch
группа банок, камней, отличительная глубина
ridge
гребень, подводная гряда
above water rock
надводная скала
below water rock
подводная скала
drying rock
осыхающая скала
high water rock
надводная скала
low water rock
подводная скала
pinnacle rock
остроконечная скала
submerged rock
подводная скала
sunken rock
подводная скала
under water rock
подводная скала
shallow
мелкий
shallow water
мелководье
shoal
мель, отмель
shoal ground
мель, отмель
shoal head
коса, риф
attached shoal
примыкающая мель
detached shoal
отдельно лежащая мель
shoal water
отдельно лежащая мель
spit
коса
wreck
затонувшее судно
avoid
избегать
cape
мыс
cause
причина; быть причиной, вызывать
38
capsize
опрокидывать (-ся)
caution
осторожность, предостережение
chain
цепь
close
вблизи
close the land
приближаться к берегу
danger
опасность
dangerous
опасный
decrease
уменьшать (-ся)
derelict
покинутое или потерпевшее крушение судно
depth
глубина
depth contour
изобата
least depth
наименьшая глубина
drying
осыхающий
ebb
отлив
eddy
водоворот
edge
край, кромка
encumber
затруднять, препятствовать, загромождать
extremely
чрезвычайно, крайне
fog patches
туман зарядами; местами туман
fringed with rocks
окаймленный скалами
ground
грунт
foul ground
нечистый грунт
hazard
опасность; риск
hazardous
опасный, рискованный
haze
дымка
hidden
скрытый
irregular
нерегулярный, неровный
irregular depths
неравномерные глубины
give a berth of
пройти на расстоянии
give a wide berth
пройти на безопасном расстоянии
keep clear of
держаться в стороне от
narrow
узкий; суживать
numerous
многочисленный
obscure
затемнять, закрывать
obstruct
препятствовать; заграждать
obstruction
препятствие
overfall
сулой, толчея
39
pass clear of
пройти в стороне от
prevent
мешать, препятствовать
prohibit
запрещать
prudent
благоразумный, осторожный
scattered
разбросанный, отдельный
steep
крутой
steep- to
приглубый
stranger
судно, незнакомое с местными условиями плавания
stream
течение, поток
subject
зд. быть подверженным ч-л
submarine
подводный
submerged
подводный, затопленный
sunken
затонувший
sunken wreck
затонувшее судно
survey
съемка, промер; производить съемку
swell
зыбь, волна с большим периодом и длиной
ground swell
мертвая зыбь
heavy swell
тяжелая волна
uneven
неровный
unreliable
ненадежный
warning
предупреждение, предостережение
gale warning
штормовое предупреждение
navigational w.arning
навигационное предупреждение
storm warning.
штормовое предупреждение
rough weather
бурная погода
thick weather
туманная погода
2. Pay attention to the useful information. Remember it.
• Bank — a sloping raised ground, esp. along the sides of the river.
• Bar — a submerged or partly submerged bank along a shore or in a river.
• Flat — an area of low level ground.
• Shoal — a raised bank of sand, shells or rock under the surface of the water
which gradually moves.
• Spit — a long, thin, flat beach which goes out into the sea.
• Patch — a small area, which is different in some way from the area that
surrounds it.
40
3. Match the words with the similar meaning.
1
vessel
a
submerged
2
shoal
b
ship
3
starboard
c
flat
4
left d forbidden
5
hazard
e
bank
6
underwater
f
care
7
bar g right
8
chain
h
uneven
9
obstacle
i
storm
10
caution
j
prudent
11
irregular
k
obstruction
12
prohibited
l
give a wide berth
13
gale
m
port
14
careful
n
abrupt
15
pass clear of
o
cable
16
steep
p
danger
4. Match the words with the opposite meaning.
1
outer
a
right
2
shallow water
b
off-shore
3
starboard
c
more
4
port
d
attached
5
here
e
close
6
less
f
flood
7
detached
g
decrease
8
ebb
h
uneven
9
rough
i
careless
10
flat j deep water
11
prudent
k
calm
12
close inshore
l
there
13
keep clear
m
inner
14
increase
n
left
5. Study the following symbols used on admiralty h.
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