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Файл:IT English through Short Films. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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16. WHAT IS CRYPTO JACKING? WHY DO CRIMINALS
1. con
a)quickly spread and
out of control
(a) нечестный
сотрудник
2. rogue staffer
b) information that
identifies an account
and keeps it secure, as
username and
password
(b) безудержный,
угрожающий
3. rampant
c) a type of malware
that limits users from
accessing their system
until some money is
paid.
(c)крипто валюта
4. credentials
d) an identifier
specified as a suffix to
the name of a
computer file
(d)рекламная
программа
5. vendor
e) a medium of
exchange that is
digital, encrypted and
decentralized
(e)производительность
6. adware
f) a dishonest member
of an
organization/company
(f) мошенничество
7. ransomware
g) how well or badly
(g)расширение
LOVE THIS CON?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gvkl4tJnbik
Before you watch
1. Discuss these questions with your partner:
1. Who are miners in the traditional sense?
2. What do you know about crypto jacking?
3. What does the word “mine” mean when we talk about crypto
jacking?
2. Match the words with their definitions and their Russian
equivalents:
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someone/something
does a particular job or
activity
8. cryptocurrency
h) a trick in which
someone deceives you
by telling you
something that is not
true
(h)учетные данные
9. extension
i) an individual or
company that sells
goods or services to
someone else in the
economic production
chain
(i) программа-
вымогатель
10. performance
j) software that
displays unwanted
advertisements on
your computer
(j)продавец
While you watch
3. Watch the video and answer the questions
1. What is crypto jacking according to the video?
2. How do victims “help” hackers to mine cryptocurrency?
3. What do hackers steal?
4. Why is it difficult for victims to notice the signs of crypto
jacking?
5. What did a European bank experience one night?
6. Why is the practice of crypto mining rampant?
7. Does crypto jacking require any significant technical skills?
8. What examples of delivering crypto jacking code are given in
the video?
9. What steps should be taken to prevent crypto jacking?
4. Complete the sentences with the words from the video, then
watch again and check.
detect, protection, ad blocker, scripts, to spot, preventive, to prevent,
detection, foolproof, evolving, malicious, vendors, install
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How to prevent crypto jacking? While criminals are constantly changing
1. He was a better songwriter than ……………...
PERFORM
2. There are a lot of …………… measures that
would reduce the number of severe cyberattacks.
PREVENT
3. This is so we can respond ……………. to the
needs of our clients.
EFFECT
4. He was a very intelligent and perceptive young
…………..
DETECT
5. Motorcyclists must wear …………….. helmets.
PROTECT
6. He thinks they have reached an ………….. dead
end.
EVOLVE
7. Ask your neighbor to take any …………….. while
you are on vacation.
DELIVER
and 1)……….their techniques to avoid 2)………., there are steps you
can take 3)………. crypto jacking. Learn how 4)………. a phishing
email. Tricking a potential victim into clicking on a 5)………. link is a
time-tested and highly effective method of delivering.
6)………. an 7) ……….. Since crypto jacking 8)………. are often
delivered through web ads, installing an ad blocker can be a good
9)………. measure. Some ad blockers can even 10) ………. crypto
mining scripts.
Use antivirus. Many of the antivirus software 11)……….. have added
crypto miner detection to their products—and while they're not
12)……….; they do provide a layer of 13)………. .
After you watch
5. Complete the sentences with the correct derivative of the word in
bold:
6. The prefix “crypto-” means “secret” or “hidden”. Why do you
think some types of virtual currency are called cryptocurrency?
Read the text to find out more about one of the types of
cryptocurrency, Bitcoin:
How Bitcoin Works
Bitcoin is a type of virtual currency brought to life by the internet,
very powerful computers and the willingness of lot of people looking to
embrace new forms of monetary exchange. You can use Bitcoin for all
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sorts of real transactions. To do so, you first buy bitcoins however you
like, either through your credit card, a bank account or even
anonymously with cash. Then your bitcoins are transferred directly into
your Bitcoin wallet, and you can send and receive payments directly to a
buyer or seller without the need for a typical go-between, such as a bank
or credit card company.
The history of Bitcoin is the stuff of internet legend. In 2008, a
person working under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published a
document outlining the feasibility of the Bitcoin concept. Nakamoto
mentioned the 2008 financial crisis — as well as the failures of
government-backed currencies and corruption of existing banking
systems — as a motivating factor for inventing a new currency. In 2009,
Nakamoto released the first Bitcoin application, and also "mined" the
first bitcoins for circulation.
To use Bitcoin, you need a Bitcoin wallet, which encrypts and
maintains your bitcoin balance on your computer, smartphone or in the
cloud. Then you can fill your wallet with bitcoins by using your bank
account, credit card or other form of payment. If you follow financial
news at all, you already know that Bitcoin isn't just used for goods and
services. A lot of the hype around Bitcoin has centered on speculation.
That is, people are using online currency exchanges to invest their realworld dollars and yen in Bitcoin hoping that the latter will appreciate in
value.
Bitcoins aren't like gold. No one can dig them out of the ground.
They're not like paper money, either. Instead, Bitcoin depends entirely
on a decentralized computer network and some amazing feats of
cryptography. For starters, understand that the entire Bitcoin system
runs on a P2P (peer-to-peer) network. This P2P architecture is similar to
file-sharing networks like those that allow people to freely distribute
data of all kinds, including copyrighted music, movies and more. In
other words, there isn't a central computer hub running all of the
Bitcoin-related processes. Instead, each Bitcoin user's computer is part
of the network, collectively sharing the computing burden of generating
bitcoins and logging their transactions. Before anyone can even use a
bitcoin, the coins must be mined by a so-called Bitcoin mining process.
Any computer can begin mining for bitcoins by using a free mining
application. Mining requires the entire network of Bitcoin-participant
computers to do a set amount of work before being rewarded with a
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bitcoin. Some people invest many thousands of dollars in very powerful
1. cryptocurrency wallet
a) user cryptographic code for receiving
cryptocurrency
2. ledger
b) the study of secure communications
techniques that allow only the sender and
intended recipient of a message to view its
contents
3. encrypt
c) log book with list of transactions and
balances
computers just to mine bitcoins. Mining has become a computing arms
race, and only those at the leading edge stand to gain anything in the
way of profit.
So, you hold your own bitcoins in a digital wallet. When you send or
receive coins, they are verified by a digital signature, called a publicencryption key, which prevents counterfeiting and makes coins
recognizable to the network. In fact, you hold no actual bitcoins in your
wallet, just the public encryption keys associated with each of your
Bitcoin transactions. One of the main features of Bitcoin — and all
virtual currencies — is that the decentralized network shares an open
ledger (called the blockchain) of all Bitcoin transactions. The
blockchain provides a trustworthy and redundant way of maintaining the
number of bitcoins in circulation. Once you have a stash of Bitcoin in
your wallet, you can leave it there and hope that it appreciates in value.
Or you can cash it out into local currency.
Bitcoin is slowly gaining more legitimacy. But, there's the matter of
people really trusting a currency. And that's where this new currency
gets scary. Rampant speculation has turned the valuation of Bitcoin into
a neck-snapping roller-coaster ride. In 2010, a unit of 1 bitcoin was
worth just a few cents. Over the next few years, Bitcoin's value rose and
fell from hundreds of dollars to just a handful. But nothing quite
prepared investors for 2017, during which wild Bitcoin speculation
drove the price of a single bitcoin from less than $1,000 to over
$16,000. Economists warn that the Bitcoin bubble, like all bubbles, will
eventually burst and take a lot of fortunes with it.
(www.howstuffworks.com)
7. There are some terms in the text connected with Bitcoin. Match
them with their definitions:
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4. blockchain
d) a service which stores the public and/or
private keys for cryptocurrency transactions
5. public-encryption key
e)database for recording encrypted
information that makes it difficult to hack,
cheat or change
6. cryptography
f) convert data into a code, especially to
prevent unauthorized access
8. Answer the questions using the text:
1. What is Bitcoin?
2. Is the use of Bitcoin limited? Where can you pay with it?
3. Who invented Bitcoin?
4. What do you need to use Bitcoin?
5. Why do people invest real money in Bitcoin? Is it worth it?
6. What is Bitcoin system based on?
7. Do you need to buy a special application to mine bitcoins or is it
open-source?
8. Why do you need a public key? What is blockchain?
9. Do you have to convert your bitcoins into local currency to keep
it safe?
10. Is the market of cryptocurrency stable?
9. Work in pairs. Make a list of advantages and disadvantages of
Bitcoin. Is it worth investing in Bitcoin?
17. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0_lo_GDcFw
Before you watch
1. Answer the questions in pairs:
1. What is Artificial Intelligence?
2. Which of the following is not an AI technology:
a) speech recognition
b) computer vision
c) robotic automation
d) database management system
3. Who is the “father” of artificial intelligence?
a) Fisher Ada
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b) John McCarthy
c) Alan Turning
While you watch
2. Watch the video from the beginning to the line: “…we all have the
responsibility to understand AI and figure out what role AI will play in
our lives…”
a) Choose the points describing how AI influences our life which are
mentioned in this episode.
a) preventing car accidents
b) predicting the climate change
c) making our homes safe
d) helping elderly people
e) replacing people at factories
f) keeping watch over everyone
g) holding a meaningful conversation
h) identifying people’s faces
i) calculating the sum of the car insurance
j) picking ads to show you
k) taking a loan from a bank
l) helping diagnose patients
b) Mark the statements as True or False. Correct the False ones.
1. AI can answer any question we might have, and do anything a
human can do.
2. Modern AI can access information, learn from it, and apply that
knowledge to achieve specified goals.
3. John Green-bot has some artificial intelligence because it can
recognize or name anyone who isn’t Jabril.
4. When you buy anything online, AI decides how many items you
need.
5. In the video a virtual assistant Siri can hold a meaningful
conversation.
6. Most people worry about AI’s constant surveillance and that
self-driving cars and automation will have a negative impact on
our life.
3. Watch the video from the line “…The AI revolution itself isn’t
even that old…” to “…let’s go to the Thought Bubble …”
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Play-Doh – пластилин
1. Many of the concepts, like
artificial neural networks,
a. how much data and computing
power an AI would need to solve
complex, real world problems.
2. Marvin Minsky had some
ridiculously wrong predictions
about AI and claimed
b. most kinds of artificial
intelligence don’t have things like
senses or a brain that can
automatically judge a lot of
different things.
3. Scientists at the Dartmouth
Conference underestimated
c. and they learn from the
consequences of their actions.
4. Babies use their senses to
perceive the world and their bodies
to interact with it,
d. as they are processes.
5. Babies experience millions of
these data-gathering events as they
learn to speak, walk, think but
e. that in three to eight years we
would have a machine with the
general intelligence of an average
human being.
6. We need to give AI a lot of data
and
f. and how fast computers could
process data.
7. History reminds us that
revolutions are not so much events,
g. were dreamed up and
developed during the “Dartmouth
Conference”.
8. The first development was a
huge increase in computing power
h. to label the data with whatever
information the AI is trying to
learn.
a) Match the beginning and the end of the sentences:
b) Watch this part again and answer the questions:
1. When did the term “artificial intelligence” appear?
2. Who took part in the Dartmouth Conference?
3. Why does the presenter say that the conference participants
were too optimistic about AI?
4. What did the scientists underestimate?
5. How does a human start to perceive the world?
6. What are modern AI systems and what do we need to do with
them?
7. When did the AI winter finish?
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8. What made the AI revolution start?
4. Watch the last part of the video (from”… During the Dartmouth
Conference in 1956…”) and complete the sentences with the words
from the box:
riding a rollercoaster cassette tapes guide
the number of transistors bigger system paper punch cards
applying for a loan fit participating livestream
to compute enough computing power kicked off
artificial intelligence the Internet have taken
offline
1. In 1956, the most advanced computer was the IBM 7090, which
filled a whole room, stored data on giant……………….., and
took instructions using………………………..
2. Every two years or so, since 1956, engineers have doubled
…………………….that can ………….in the same amount of
space.
3. A program that would take a modern supercomputer one
second……………….., would …………….the IBM 7090
4,753 years.
4. So computers started to have ………………….to mimic certain
brain functions with ……………………….around 2005.
5. The second development that …………………the AI
revolution is something that you’re using right now:
………………and social media.
6. Whether you …………………from your phone, or just use a
credit card, we’re all ………………..in the modern world.
7. Even when we do something that seems it’s………………, like
…………………to buy a new car or using a passport at the
airport, those datasets end up in a…………………...
8. With knowledge, we can make small decisions that will help
…………….the AI revolution, instead of feeling like we’re
…………………………we didn’t sign up for.
After you watch
5. a) Read the text about artificial intelligence and match the terms
with their definitions:
59
1. Artificial
Intelligence
a) a set of algorithms modeled loosely after the
human brain.
2. Machine
Learning
b) a branch of artificial intelligence developed to
think like and work alongside humans, assisting
them in decision-making.
3. Deep Learning
c) the training of a machine using information
that is neither classified nor labeled and allowing
the algorithm to act on that information without
guidance.
4. Neural Network
d) an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically
learn and improve from experience without being
explicitly programmed.
5. Data Mining
e) an approach to creating artificial intelligence
(AI), where a computer algorithm is trained on
input data that has been labeled for a particular
output.
6. Supervised
Learning
f) the practice of analyzing large databases in
order to generate new information.
7. Unsupervised
Learning
g) a machine learning technique that teaches
computers to do what comes naturally to humans:
learn by example.
Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for machines to learn
from experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like tasks.
Most AI examples that you hear about today – from chess-playing
computers to self-driving cars – rely heavily on deep learning and
natural language processing.
AI works by combining large amounts of data with fast, repetitive
processing and intelligent algorithms, allowing the software to learn
automatically from patterns or features in the data. AI is a broad field of
study that includes many theories, methods and technologies, as well as
the following major subfields: machine learning, neural networks and
deep learning.
Machine learning automates analytical model building. It uses
methods from neural networks, statistics, operations research and
physics to find hidden insights in data without explicitly being
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