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Файл:IT English through Short Films. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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10. COMPUTER BASICS: UNDERSTANDING APPLICATIONS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gMOYZoMtEs
Before you watch
1. Look at the pictures. Can you identify any of these applications?
What are they used for?
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While you watch
2. Watch the video and answer the questions:
1. What is another word for applications?
2. Where can you find applications?
3. What example of a mobile application is given in the video?
4. Do all applications come already installed?
3. Watch again and complete the sentences with the words from the
video:
1. If you like ….. or ….. on your tablet, you’re using applications, also
known as …. .
2. Some apps help you ……. while others are just …..
3. They can make many things in life …….. .
4. An app like …… can …….. and then recommend nearby coffee
shops.
5. ………… and ………….. can also be considered apps.
6. Some apps ……….. but you can easily ……. or …….. more online.
7. Apps are about ………, productivity, ………. and more.
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After you watch
4. Read the text and find the words that match the following
meaning:
1. Software that is specially developed for a specific organization.
2. Software that "plays" audio, video or animation files in the
computer.
3. A piece of software that keeps the record of the items a buyer has
chosen from the online store.
4. A software application that helps a user to save, sort and manage
data in an arranged form of rows and columns.
5. Software used to perform a broad variety of tasks and is useful to
nearly all computer users.
6. An adjective, able to exist or occur together without problems or
conflict.
The application software is an essential component of every computer
system. The application software is usually referred to as application
programs or apps.
Application programs allow a user to do specific tasks. For example, if
you have to write a document, you can use the application software
program Microsoft Word. If you want to listen to music, you can use
iTunes. To surf the web, you can use Internet Explorer or Firefox. Even
a computer game can be considered application software. When you
open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close
it.
Application software can be divided into two main groups: general
purpose applications and custom-made applications. General purpose
apps include software used for writing e-mails and documents, music
players for listening to music and media players for watching movies.
These apps are cheaper than custom-made software because they are
addressed to a large number of people. One of the most commonly used
general purpose applications includes Microsoft Office.
The custom-made applications are developed to meet the requirements
of a specific user. Such applications are usually designed for a large
organization to manage its business operations. Developing a tailormade application is rather expensive.
The application software can also be classified according to the
platforms and technology used. There are desktop apps, mobile apps,
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web apps and cloud based apps. The desktop applications are developed
1. a router
a. a device used in a wired network to connect to
other devices using Ethernet cables.
2. a backbone
b. a device that converts digital data from a
computer or other device into an analog signal
that can be sent over standard telephone lines.
for desktops and laptops. These programs can run on specific platforms.
It means that you have to install Windows OS for an app developed for
the Windows platform. As the name suggests, mobile applications are
developed for the mobile devices such as smart phones and other handheld mobile devices.
A web application is a computer program that can be accessed through a
web browser on any computing device. Web applications include online
forms, shopping carts, word processors, spreadsheets, video and photo
editing, file scanning, and email programs such as Gmail, Yahoo.
Popular applications include Google Apps. Web applications run on
multiple platforms regardless of OS or device as long as the browser is
compatible.
5. Speak about applications that you use. What sort of apps are
they? What do you use them for?
11. HOME NETWORKING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-L1eI4vECo4
Before you watch
1. Discuss with your partner:
1. What is a computer network?
2. What are the advantages of using networks?
3. Are there any disadvantages of using networks? How can you
minimize them?
4. What does LAN stand for?
5. Where are LANs usually located?
6. What is IP address?
2. Match the terms with their definitions:
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3. a LAN
c. a hardware device used to create a connection
between two networks, or to divide one network
into two.
4. a modem
d. a company that provides Internet access to
companies and consumers.
5. a bridge
e. the main transmission path, handling the major
data traffic, connecting different LANs together.
6. a network switch
f. a special computer that directs communicating
messages when several networks are connected
together.
7. ISP
g. a number of devices connected together in one
physical location (a building, an office)
While you watch
3. Answer the questions.
1. What is an IP address? What does ISP stand for?
2. How can you get access to a network? Do you need to pay for
the access?
3. What is a modem? Do you need to buy it?
4. What is the easiest way to connect your PC to the network?
5. Why is a switch necessary to add?
6. Why doesn’t the author recommend this way of connection?
7. What is the best way to share your internet connection between
your devices?
8. Which networks does a router connect?
9. How can you set up a wireless network?
10. How many devices do you need to set up a wireless network?
Do you always have to buy them all?
11. What does a separate router access point combo unit provide?
12. What are the functions of each device in the author’s network:
a) the modem, b) the router, c) the patch panel, d) the rack?
4. Complete the sentences using ideas from the video:
1. Unless each house on a street has its own address, the mailman
…
2. You are not able to get a free Internet connection unless you …
3. Call your ISP and ask about any cheap plans if you are ….
4. A switch will allow you to ….. if you have …..
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5. If you want a secure connection, you will have to add …
Advantages of a network
Disadvantages of a network
1. ISP
a. a set of rules for routing and addressing
packets of data so that they can travel across
networks and arrive at the correct destination.
2. Internet
b. a unique number used to identify hardware
devices on a network.
3. IP address
c. a cyberattack when someone pretends to be
something else in an attempt to gain important
information, get access to a system, steal data.
4. IP
d. a global network of billions computers and
other devices.
6. You could add a …. to give wireless access.
7. If a modem, a router, a switch and an access point sound
overwhelming, you are able to get a … It could be leased from
your ISP.
8. If you wanted the most out of your home network you could get
……which would give you full control, ….
After you watch
5. a) Complete the table about advantages and disadvantages of
using a network.
b) Compare your list with your partner. Discuss how
disadvantages can be minimized.
12. THE INTERNET: IP ADDRESSES AND DNS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU
Before you watch
1. Match the terms with the definitions:
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5. DNS
e. an information system where documents and
other resources are stored in servers and
connected to computers through the global
network.
6. domain name
f. a company that provides internet access to
both businesses and consumers.
7. spoofing
g. the address of your website that people type
in the browser URL bar to visit your website.
8. WWW
h. a system that turns human-readable domain
names into IP addresses.
While you watch
2. Watch the video and answer the questions:
1. What did Vint Cerf and Bob Khan invent to make the Internet
communication possible?
2. What definition of the Internet does V. Cerf give?
3. What is a protocol? What does it allow all the parties to do?
4. What has the design philosophy of the Internet allowed it to do?
5. What does each device need to have to send and receive data on the
Internet?
6. How are numbers organized in an IP address? What do the numbers
identify?
7. What is 32-bit numbers system called? How many unique addresses
can it provide?
8. What is IPv6? Why do we need it?
9. What does DNS do? What does your computer use the DNS for?
Describe the process.
10. Can one DNS server handle all the requests from all devices? How
is this system designed?
11. Why is DNS highly susceptible to cyber-attacks?
12. What is DNS spoofing? What is the attacker’s aim?
3. Watch again and complete the sentences:
1. The invention of ………….. laid the groundwork for what we now
call the Internet.
2. Your ISP connects you to billions of …………. through hundreds
of thousands of networks that are ……………...
3. Most people do not appreciate that the internet is …………. and
……….. expressed in a set of protocols.
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4. In order for a new technology to use the Internet, it just needs to
……………………...
5. An address on the Internet is just …………, similar to …………..
or a sort of…, that’s ………….. to each computer or device at the
edge of the network.
6. Your computer sends a message to the other computer’s ………..
and it also sends along…………….., so the other computer knows
where to send……………..
7. The numbers in an IP address are organized…………….
8. We are now ……………….to longer IP address format called
IPv6, which uses ……… per address and provides over 340
undecillion (ундециллион – ) unique addresses.
9. Your computer uses the DNS to ………………. and …………….
which is used to connect your computer to the …………………….
10. DNS servers are connected in a …………. and are divided into
………, splitting up ………………………….such as .org, .com,
.net, etc.
After you watch
4. Read the text to find out more about DNS system:
Internet servers make the Internet possible. All of the machines on
the Internet are either servers or clients. The machines that provide
services to other machines are servers. And the machines that are used
to connect to those services are clients. There are Web servers, e-mail
servers, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) servers and so on serving the
needs of Internet users all over the world. Any server machine makes its
services available using numbered ports -- one for each service that is
available on the server. For example, if a server machine is running a
Web server and a file transfer protocol (FTP) server, the Web server will
be available on port 80, and the FTP server will be available on port 21.
Clients connect to a service at a specific IP address and on a specific
port number.
When you want to send a message or retrieve information from
another computer, your request goes out over the network,
hitting domain name servers (DNS) along the way to find the target
server. The DNS points the request in the right direction. Once the target
server receives the request, it will send a response back to your
computer. DNS is a system of matching names with numbers. It helps
convert easy-to-understand domain names like "hotmail.com" into an
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Internet Protocol (IP) address, such as 70.52.251.42 that computers use
to identify each other on the network.
The DNS concept is like a phone book for the internet. Computers
and other network devices on the internet use an IP address to route
your request to the site you're trying to reach. This is similar to dialing a
phone number to connect to the person you're trying to call. Thanks to
DNS, though, you don't have to keep your own address book of IP
addresses. Instead, you just connect through a domain name server,
which manages a massive database that maps domain names to IP
addresses.
Without DNS servers, the internet would shut down very quickly. But
how does your computer know what DNS server to use? When you
connect to your home network, internet service provider or Wi-Fi
network, the modem or router that assigns your computer's network
address also sends some important network configuration information to
your computer or mobile device. That configuration includes one or
more DNS servers that the device should use when translating DNS
names to IP address.
Domain names are represented as strings of characters separated by
dots. The last word in a domain name represents a top-level domain.
There are more than 1,000 top-level domains, and here are some of the
most common:
.COM — commercial websites, though open to everyone
.NET — network websites, though open to everyone
.ORG — non-profit organization websites, though open to everyone
.EDU — restricted to schools and educational organizations
You cannot buy a domain name. Instead, you pay for the right to use a
domain name for one or more years.
5. Answer the questions using the text:
1. What is a server and what is a client in the Internet system?
2. How does a server make its service available?
3. How do clients connect to a service?
4. What is DNS? What function does DNS perform?
5. What path does your request follow when you want to send a
message?
6. What is a domain name?
7. What benefit does DNS provide?
8. How does your computer know what DNS server to use?
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9. How are domain names represented?
1. .firm
2. .store
3. .web
4. .arts
5. .rec
6. .info
7. .nom
a)informative
b)cultural or entertainment
c)personal
d)firm or agency
e)online retail shop
f)web-related
g)recreational
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1. a web browser
a) an organization that sells or leases memory
space on its servers.
2. a hyperlink
b) a very tall multistoried building.
3.a web host
c) a word, phrase, or image that you can click on
10. Can you own a domain name?
6. Match these suggested top-level domains to their meanings:
13. WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
Before you watch
1. Answer the questions:
1. Does the World Wide Web mean the same as the Internet?
2. Who invented the World Wide Web? (a) Bill Gates, b) Vint
Cerf c) Tim Berners-Lee )
3. Does the World Wide Web belong to anyone?
4. What do you need to find websites easily?
5. What is the function of a web browser?
6. Define the following web browsers:
2. Match the terms with their definitions:
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