Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Extensive reading B1+. Учебное пособие
.pdf
TEXT 2 • WAITERS REVEAL WHAT THEY REALLY THINK ABOUT TIPPING
,JHWDQ DYHUDJHRI DURXQG RI WLSV
SHUVKLIW2QDJRRGQLJKWWKLVFDQ JR
XS WR RYHU DQG RQ D SRRU QLJKW
LW¶V DURXQG $URXQG RI
DZDLWHU¶VLQFRPHLVWLSV$OOUHVWDXUDQWV
VKRXOGKDYHWRSXEOLFO\VWDWHWKHLUH[DFW
WLSSLQJ SROLF\ $PHULFD KDV LW SUHWW\
JRRG±HYHU\RQHWLSV
(OOH (GLQEXUJK µ:H QHYHU
NQRZZKHWKHULW¶VIDLU¶
$YHUDJHWLSVSHUHLJKWKRXUVKLIW
, WKLQN WKH\ WUHDW ZDLWHUV EHVW LQ
)UDQFH
,KDYHWKUHHSDUWWLPHFDWHULQJMREV0\
PDLQ GD\ MRE LV LQ D FDIp ZKHUH WKH
VPDOOQXPEHURIVWDIIZRUNERWKLQWKH
FDIp DQG LQ WKH NLWFKHQ VR DOO RXU WLSV
JRLQDSRWDQGWKH\DUHVKDUHGHTXDOO\
0\PDLQHYHQLQJMRELVDWDUHVWDXUDQW
ZKHUH ZH GRQ¶W JHW RXU WLSV EXW RXU
ZDJHVDUHPLQLPXPZDJHSOXVDQH[WUD
SHUKRXU 0\ WKLUGMRELV HYHQWV
FDWHULQJDQGQRERG\HYHUWLSV
,Q UHVWDXUDQWV EHFDXVH D ORW RI
FXVWRPHUV DGG WLSV WKURXJK FDUG
SD\PHQWV WKH VWDII QHYHU VHH KRZ
PXFK WKH WLS LV ± VR ZH GRQ¶W NQRZ
ZKHWKHUZKDWZHJHWLVIDLURUQRW7KH
V\VWHP VHHPV EHWWHU LQ )UDQFH ZKHUH
WKH\GRQ¶WWLSPXFKEXWEHLQJDZDLWHU
LV VHHQ DV D SURSHU MRE ZLWK MRE
VHFXULW\DQGDGHFHQWLQFRPH
$VKOH\/RQGRQµ7LSVJR
WRZDUGVFXVWRPHUEUHDNDJHV¶
$YHUDJH WLSV ± SHU HLJKWKRXU
VKLIW
, WKLQN WKH\ WUHDW ZDLWHUV EHVW LQ
$XVWUDOLD
,ZRUNLQD/RQGRQSXELQWKHHYHQLQJV
DQG,GRGD\VKLIWVDWDORFDOUHVWDXUDQW
,QERWKSODFHVDOOWKHWLSVDUHFROOHFWHG
DQGVKDUHGRXWDWWKH HQG RIWKHQLJKW
0RQH\ LV DOVR WDNHQ IURP WKH WLSV WR
SD\ IRU EUHDNDJHV E\ HLWKHU VWDII RU
FXVWRPHUV
,W LV LQFUHGLEO\ XQIDLU WKDW RXU WLSV DUH
VKDUHG RXW HVSHFLDOO\ ZKHQ RQH
PHPEHURIWKHWHDPGRHVQ¶WZRUNKDUG
HQRXJK 2U ZKHQ D PHPEHU RI WKH
WHDP GRHV LQFUHGLEO\ ZHOO WKH\ GRQ¶W
JHW ZKDW WKH\¶YH HDUQHG ,W¶V UHDOO\
XQIDLU WKDW WLSV JR WRZDUGV EUHDNDJHV
PDGH E\ FXVWRPHUV 7KH PDQDJHUV
VKRXOG KDYH ZD\V WR SD\ IRU EURNHQ
JODVVHV DQG SODWHV ZLWKRXW WDNLQJ RXU
WLSV, PDNHDURXQG D VKLIWLQ WLSV
EXW RIWHQ , RQO\ JHW ± RI WKDW
PRQH\
,UHDOO\UHO\RQWLSVEHFDXVH,DP RQO\
SDLGDQKRXU,¶GUDWKHUZHHDUQHG
D JRRG EDVLF ZDJH OLNH LQ $XVWUDOLD
DQGGLGQ¶WKDYHWRUHO\RQWLSV
7RP0DQFKHVWHUµ$ELJQLJKWRI
WLSVFDQKHOSSD\WKHUHQW¶
$YHUDJHWLSVSHUHLJKWKRXUVKLIW
, WKLQN WKH\ WUHDW ZDLWHUV EHVW LQ
,WDO\
:KHUH , XVHG WR ZRUN ZDLWHUV NHSW
RIFDVKWLSVDQGRIFDUGWLSV
7KHRWKHURIFDVKZHQWLQWRDSRW
IRU WKH FRPPLV ZDLWHUV DQG EDU VWDII
7KHIURPWKHFDUGWLSVZHQWWRWKH
NLWFKHQVWDII
,W¶V KDUG WR VD\ KRZ PXFK , HDUQHG
DVKLIWPD\EHDURXQG,WFDQPDNH
D PDVVLYH FKDQJH WR \RXU ZHHNO\
ILQDQFHV 6RPHWLPHV WKH ZDLWHUV
QHHGHGDJRRGQLJKWWRSD\WKHLUUHQW
7KH\ KDYH JRW WLSSLQJ ULJKW LQ ,WDO\
ZKHUH FXVWRPHUV GRQ¶W DGG D VHUYLFH
FKDUJH EXW XVXDOO\ URXQG XS WKHLU ELOO
VR LI WKHLU PHDO LV ¼ WKH\ OHDYH
D ¼ QRWH DQG GRQ¶W DVN IRU FKDQJH
7KH\UHVSHFW WKH VWDII ,Q ,WDO\SHRSOH
RIWHQPDNHDFDUHHUDVDZDLWHUDQGWKH
H[SHULHQFHWKHVHZDLWHUVKDYHVKRZVLQ
WKHVHUYLFHWKHFXVWRPHUVJHW
*XDUGLDQ1HZVDQG0HGLD
)LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQThe Guardian
11
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B1+
&ROORFDWLRQV
D 0DWFKWKHZRUGVWRPDNHFROORFDWLRQVIURPWKHDUWLFOH
OHJDO
JRYHUQPHQW
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ
KRUURU
PLQLPXP
MRE
GHFHQW
VHUYLFH
DVHFXULW\
ELQFRPH
FZDJH
GVWRULHV
HFKDUJH
IIHH
JPLQLVWHUV
KUHTXLUHPHQW
E 8VHWKHFROORFDWLRQVWRWDONDERXWWKHDUWLFOH
&RPSUHKHQVLRQFKHFN
$QVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVZLWKLQIRUPDWLRQIURPWKHILUVWSDUWRIWKHDUWLFOH
:KDWFDQKDSSHQWRWLSVWKDWDUHOHIWXVLQJDFUHGLWFDUG"
:KDWKDVWKH8.JRYHUQPHQWVDLGWKDWLWZLOOGRDERXWWKLV"
:KDWRWKHUFKDQJHVGRWKH\ZDQWWRPDNHWRWLSSLQJ"
8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHDUWLFOH
5HDGDQGGLVFXVVZKDWHDFKZDLWHUVD\VDERXWWKHLUMREVDQGWLSV
:KRKDVWKHEHVWDQGZKRKDVWKHZRUVWZRUNLQJFRQGLWLRQV"
:KRLVPRVWDQGZKRLVOHDVWVDWLVILHGZLWKWKHWLSVV\VWHPDWWKHLUSODFHRIZRUN"
:KDWDVSHFWVGRWKH\ILQGWREHIDLUDQGZKDWDVSHFWVXQIDLU"
:KDWFKDQJHVZRXOGWKH\OLNHWRVHHDWWKHLUSODFHRIZRUN"
'LVFXVVLRQ
7DONDERXWKRZPXFKLIDWDOO\RXZRXOGWLSLQHDFKRIWKHVHVLWXDWLRQV
DWWKHKDLUGUHVVHU¶VIRUDZDVKDQGKDLUFXW
LQDUHVWDXUDQWIRUGLQQHUIRUWZRSHRSOH7KHELOOVD\VWKDWD
VHUYLFHFKDUJHKDVDOUHDG\EHHQDGGHG
LQDWD[L7KHIDUHFRPHVWRIRURQHSHUVRQDQGRQHKHDY\VXLWFDVH
ZDVKLQJPDFKLQHGHOLYHU\<RXOLYHRQWKHWKLUGIORRU\RX¶YHDOUHDG\SDLGWKH
ELOODWWKHVKRS
ZKHQOHDYLQJ\RXUKRWHOURRP7ZRRI\RXVWD\HGLQWKHURRPIRUDZHHN<RX
RIWHQKDGVDQGRQ\RXUVKRHVZKHQ\RXFDPHEDFNIURPWKHEHDFK
12
TEXT 3 • HAPPINESS DEPENDS ON HEALTH AND FRIENDS, NOT MONEY
:ULWLQJ
$ FROOHDJXH RU IULHQG KDV ZULWWHQ DVNLQJ IRU \RXU DGYLFH :ULWHDUHSO\
DQVZHULQJ DOO WKH TXHVWLRQV DQG JLYLQJ DQ\ IXUWKHU DGYLFH \RX WKLQN PLJKW EH
KHOSIXO
7,33,1*
)URP$QWRQ
6XEMHFW7LSSLQJ
+L«
$V\RXNQRZ,¶OOEHDUULYLQJLQDFRXSOHRIGD\V¶WLPHDQGEHIRUH,GR,¶GOLNHWR
DVN\RXIRUVRPHDGYLFHDERXWWLSSLQJLQ\RXUFRXQWU\,GRQµWZDQWWRGR
VRPHWKLQJZURQJDVVRRQDV,JHWWKHUH
,ZLOOJHWDWD[LIURPWKHDLUSRUWWRP\KRWHO+RZPXFKVKRXOG,WLSWKHWD[L
GULYHU"
:KRVKRXOG,WLSDWWKHKRWHODQGZKHQVKRXOG,GRWKLV"
:KHQ,JRRXWIRUGLQQHULQWKHHYHQLQJZLOOWKHZDLWHUH[SHFWPHWRJLYHDWLS",I
VRKRZPXFKVKRXOG,JLYHDQGKRZGR,GRLW"
7KDQNVLQDGYDQFHIRU\RXUKHOS,ORRNIRUZDUGWRVHHLQJ\RXRQ)ULGD\
%HVWZLVKHV
$QWRQ
7H[W
+DSSLQHVVGHSHQGVRQKHDOWKDQGIULHQGVQRWPRQH\
:DUPHU
/LVW ILYH WKLQJV WKDW PDNH \RX KDSS\ DQG ILYH WKLQJV WKDW PDNH \RX XQKDSS\
&RPSDUH\RXUOLVWVZLWKDSDUWQHU
.H\ZRUGV
)LOO WKH JDSV LQ WKH VHQWHQFHV XVLQJ WKHVH NH\ ZRUGV IURP WKH WH[W 7KH SDUDJUDSK
QXPEHUVZLOOKHOS\RX
DQ[LHW\ HOLPLQDWLQJ PLVHU\ RQDYHUDJH SULRULW\ WDFNOLQJ
WKHIHHOLQJRIEHLQJH[WUHPHO\XQKDSS\BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
JHWWLQJULGRIVRPHWKLQJWKDWLVQRWZDQWHGRUQHHGHGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
13
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B1+
DZRUULHGIHHOLQJ\RXKDYHEHFDXVH\RXWKLQNVRPHWKLQJEDGPLJKWKDSSHQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
XVHGIRUWDONLQJDERXWZKDWLVXVXDOO\WUXHDOWKRXJKLWPD\QRWEHWUXHLQHYHU\
VLWXDWLRQBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
VRPHWKLQJLPSRUWDQWWKDWPXVWEHGRQHILUVWRUQHHGVPRUHDWWHQWLRQWKDQDQ\WKLQJ
HOVHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
ZRUNLQJYHU\KDUGWU\LQJWRGHDOZLWKDSUREOHPBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
GRPHVWLF HYLGHQFH LPSDFW SV\FKRORJLFDO VRFLHW\ ZHOOEHLQJ YLROHQFH
LQYROYLQJ\RXUPLQGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WKHRYHUDOOIHHOLQJRIEHLQJKDSS\KHDOWK\DQGVDIHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
YLROHQFHWKDWWDNHVSODFHLQWKHKRPHEHWZHHQIDPLO\PHPEHUVHVSHFLDOO\DGXOWV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WKHSHRSOHZKROLYHLQDSDUWLFXODUFRXQWU\RUDUHD
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
IDFWVWKDWKHOSWRSURYHVRPHWKLQJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
DQHIIHFWRUDQLQIOXHQFHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
+DSSLQHVVGHSHQGVRQKHDOWKDQG
IULHQGVQRWPRQH\VD\VQHZVWXG\
3KLOOLS,QPDQ
'HFHPEHU
(OLPLQDWLQJ GHSUHVVLRQ DQG DQ[LHW\
ZRXOG UHGXFH PLVHU\ E\
(OLPLQDWLQJ SRYHUW\ ZRXOG UHGXFH
PLVHU\E\MXVWWKHUHSRUWVDLG
/RUG 5LFKDUG /D\DUG ZKR OHG WKH
0RVW KXPDQ PLVHU\ FRPHV IURP
IDLOHG UHODWLRQVKLSV DQG SK\VLFDO DQG
PHQWDO LOOQHVV ± QRW IURP PRQH\
SUREOHPV DQG SRYHUW\ ± VD\V DQ
LPSRUWDQW QHZ UHSRUW E\ D WHDP RI
UHVHDUFKHUV DW WKH /RQGRQ 6FKRRO RI
(FRQRPLFV
UHSRUW VDLG WKDW RQ DYHUDJH SHRSOH
KDYH EHFRPH QR KDSSLHU LQ WKH ODVW
\HDUV HYHQ WKRXJK LQFRPHV KDYH
PRUHWKDQGRXEOHG
7KH VWXG\ FDOOHG Origins of
Happiness VKRZHG WKDW PHDVXULQJ
SHRSOH¶V VDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWK WKHLU OLYHV
VKRXOG EH D SULRULW\ IRU HYHU\
14
TEXT 3 • HAPPINESS DEPENDS ON HEALTH AND FRIENDS, NOT MONEY
JRYHUQPHQW 7KH UHVHDUFKHUV DQDO\VHG
GDWDIURPIRXUFRXQWULHVLQFOXGLQJWKH
86DQG*HUPDQ\
([WUD VSHQGLQJ RQ UHGXFLQJ PHQWDO
LOOQHVV ZRXOG SD\ IRU LWVHOI WKH
UHVHDUFKHUV VDLG 7KH JRYHUQPHQW
ZRXOG JHW EDFN WKH PRQH\ WKH\ VSHQG
EHFDXVH WKHUH ZRXOG EH KLJKHU
HPSOR\PHQW DQG SHRSOH ZRXOG SD\
PRUH WD[ 7KHUH ZRXOG DOVR EH
DUHGXFWLRQLQ 1DWLRQDO+HDOWK 6HUYLFH
FRVWV IURP IHZHU GRFWRUV¶ YLVLWV DQG
IHZHUSHRSOHYLVLWLQJKRVSLWDO$FFLGHQW
DQG(PHUJHQF\GHSDUWPHQWV
³7DFNOLQJ GHSUHVVLRQ DQG DQ[LHW\
ZRXOG EH IRXU WLPHV PRUH HIIHFWLYH
WKDQWDFNOLQJSRYHUW\,WZRXOGDOVRSD\
IRULWVHOI´/D\DUGVDLG
7KH UHSRUW VXSSRUWV WKH DUJXPHQWV
WKDW VRFLDO DQG SV\FKRORJLFDO IDFWRUV
DUHPRUHLPSRUWDQWWRWKHZHOOEHLQJRI
SHRSOHWKDQLQFRPHOHYHOV
³+DYLQJDSDUWQHULVDVJRRGIRU\RX
DV EHLQJ PDGH XQHPSOR\HG LV EDG IRU
\RX´KHVDLG
7KH UHSRUW FODLPV WKDW VWDWHUXQ
RUJDQL]DWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ VFKRROV PXVW
EHFRPH PRUH IRFXVHG RQ WDFNOLQJ
DQ[LHW\DQGPHQWDOKHDOWKLVVXHV
³7KLVHYLGHQFHGHPDQGVDQHZUROH
IRUWKHVWDWH±QRWµZHDOWKFUHDWLRQ¶EXW
µZHOOEHLQJ FUHDWLRQ¶´ /D\DUG VDLG
³,QWKHSDVW WKH VWDWHKDV WULHG WRGHDO
ZLWK SRYHUW\ XQHPSOR\PHQW
HGXFDWLRQ DQG SK\VLFDO KHDOWK %XW
HTXDOO\ LPSRUWDQW QRZ DUH GRPHVWLF
YLROHQFH DOFRKROLVP GHSUHVVLRQ DQG
DQ[LHW\ FRQGLWLRQV H[DP VWUHVV DQG
PXFK PRUH 7KHVH VKRXOG EHFRPH
FHQWUHVWDJH´
7KH HFRQRPLVW VDLG WKDW FKLOGUHQ
VKRXOGQRWEHMXGJHGE\VRFLHW\MXVWRQ
WKHLU HGXFDWLRQDO VXFFHVV 7KH UHSRUW
DGGV ³7KH VWURQJHVW IDFWRU SUHGLFWLQJ
D KDSS\ DGXOW OLIH LV QRW FKLOGUHQ¶V
TXDOLILFDWLRQV EXW WKHLU HPRWLRQDO
KHDOWK 7KHUH LV DOVR VWURQJ HYLGHQFH
WKDW VFKRROV KDYH D ELJ LPSDFW RQ
FKLOGUHQ¶V HPRWLRQDO KHDOWK :KLFK
VFKRROD FKLOG JRHVWR ZLOODIIHFW WKHLU
HPRWLRQDO ZHOOEHLQJ DV PXFK DV LW
DIIHFWVWKHLUH[DPSHUIRUPDQFH´
*XDUGLDQ1HZVDQG0HGLD
)LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQThe Guardian
&RPSUHKHQVLRQFKHFN
0DWFKWKHH[FHUSWVIURPWKHDUWLFOHZLWKWKHLUPHDQLQJV
8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHDUWLFOH
0RVWKXPDQPLVHU\FRPHVIURPIDLOHG
UHODWLRQVKLSV
D3HRSOHVKRXOGQRWVD\WKDWFKLOGUHQDUH
VXFFHVVIXORQO\EHFDXVHWKH\GRZHOODW
VFKRRO
SD\IRULWVHOI EEHWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWKLQJIURPQRZ
RQ
+DYLQJDSDUWQHULVDVJRRGIRU\RXDV
EHLQJPDGHXQHPSOR\HGLVEDGIRU
FPDNHHQRXJKPRQH\WRFRYHULWVRZQ
FRVWV
\RX
EHFRPHFHQWUHVWDJH G'LIIHUHQWVFKRROVFDQPDNHFKLOGUHQ
KDSS\RUXQKDSS\
15
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B1+
&KLOGUHQVKRXOGQRWEHMXGJHGE\
VRFLHW\MXVWRQWKHLUHGXFDWLRQDO
VXFFHVV
H%HLQJWRJHWKHUZLWKDKXVEDQGRUZLIH
RUER\IULHQGRUJLUOIULHQGLQFUHDVHV
SHRSOH¶VKDSSLQHVVOHYHOVE\WKHVDPH
DPRXQWDVORVLQJDMREGHFUHDVHVWKHLU
KDSSLQHVVOHYHOV
:KLFKVFKRRODFKLOGJRHVWRZLOO
DIIHFWWKHLUHPRWLRQDOZHOOEHLQJ
I3HRSOHDUHYHU\RIWHQXQKDSS\EHFDXVH
WKHLUPDUULDJHRURWKHUUHODWLRQVKLSLVQRW
VXFFHVVIXO
8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHDUWLFOH
'HFLGHZKLFKVHQWHQFHLQHDFKFDVHLVWUXHDFFRUGLQJWRWKHDUWLFOH
D 0RQH\ SUREOHPV DQG SRYHUW\ DUH ZRUVH IRU XV WKDQ IDLOHG UHODWLRQVKLSV DQG
SK\VLFDODQGPHQWDOLOOQHVV
E )DLOHG UHODWLRQVKLSV DQG SK\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO LOOQHVV DUH ZRUVHIRUXVWKDQ
PRQH\SUREOHPVDQGSRYHUW\
D2YHUWKHSDVW\HDUVRXUZHOOEHLQJDQGOHYHORIKDSSLQHVVKDYHLQFUHDVHG
E2YHUWKHSDVW\HDUVRXUZHOOEHLQJDQGOHYHORIKDSSLQHVVKDYHQRWLQFUHDVHG
D:HDUHSRRUHUWKDQZHZHUH\HDUVDJR
E:HQRZKDYHWZLFHDVPXFKPRQH\DVZHKDG\HDUVDJR
D+DYLQJDSDUWQHULVJRRGIRU\RXUPHQWDOZHOOEHLQJ
E+DYLQJDSDUWQHUKHOSVZKHQ\RXDUHORRNLQJIRUDMRE
D7KHUHSRUWVD\VWKDWVWDWHVVKRXOGQRZFRQFHQWUDWHRQGHDOLQJZLWKDOFRKROLVP
GRPHVWLFYLROHQFHGHSUHVVLRQDQGDQ[LHW\FRQGLWLRQVDQGH[DPVWUHVV
E 7KH UHSRUW VD\V WKDW VWDWHV VKRXOG QRZ FRQFHQWUDWH RQ GHDOLQJZLWK GRPHVWLF
YLROHQFHDOFRKROLVPSRYHUW\DQGXQHPSOR\PHQW
D 7KH PRQH\ WKDW JRYHUQPHQWV VSHQG RQ UHGXFLQJ PHQWDO LOOQHVV ZRXOG FRPH
EDFNWRWKHPWKURXJKVFKRROVDQGRWKHUVWDWHUXQLQVWLWXWLRQV
E 7KH PRQH\ WKDW JRYHUQPHQWV VSHQG RQ UHGXFLQJ PHQWDO LOOQHVV ZRXOG FRPH
EDFNWRWKHPWKURXJKWD[HV
16
TEXT 4 • WHY HILLARY CLINTON LOST THE ELECTION
3URQXQFLDWLRQ
$UJXPHQW HYLGHQFH XQHPSOR\PHQW GHSUHVVLRQ SRYHUW\ HIIHFWLYH HPRWLRQDO
SHUIRUPDQFHVDWLVIDFWLRQUHGXFWLRQDQ[LHW\UHODWLRQVKLS
2RR R2R R2RR RR2R
:ULWLQJ
&KRRVH VL[ RI WKH ZRUGV IURP WDVN :ULWH D VHQWHQFH RI \RXU RZQIRUHDFK
ZRUG
'LVFXVVLRQ
³7KHUHSRUWFODLPVWKDWVWDWHUXQRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQFOXGLQJVFKRROVPXVWEHFRPHPRUH
IRFXVHGRQWDFNOLQJDQ[LHW\DQGPHQWDOKHDOWKLVVXHV´
'LVFXVVWKHTXRWHIURPWKHDUWLFOH
:KDWFRXOGVFKRROVGRWRKHOSWDFNOHDQ[LHW\DQGPHQWDOKHDOWKLVVXHV"
:KDWHOVHFRXOGJRYHUQPHQWVGR"
7H[W:K\+LOODU\&OLQWRQORVWWKHHOHFWLRQ
:DUPHU
([SODLQZKDWKDSSHQHGRQDQG1RYHPEHULQZRUGVPD[LPXP
.H\ZRUGV
GLYLVLYH HVWDEOLVKPHQW SRODUL]HG EDIIOHV VWDJQDQW ZULWWHQRII
,IDSUREOHPVRPHRQH¶VEHKDYLRXUHWFBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB\RX\RX
FDQQRWXQGHUVWDQGLWSDUD
OLNHO\WRFDXVHDUJXPHQWVEHWZHHQSHRSOHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
FOHDUO\GLYLGHGLQWRRSSRVLQJJURXSVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
,I VRPHRQH LV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB SHRSOH IHHO VXUH WKH\ ZLOO IDLO
SDUD
SRZHUIXOSHRSOHDQGJURXSVLQSROLWLFVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
17
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B1+
QRWJURZLQJRUFKDQJLQJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
ODQGOLQHV PXUN\ SROOVWHUV ULJJHG VDPSOLQJ XQLTXHO\
LQIOXHQFHG LQ D GLVKRQHVW ZD\ LQ RUGHU WR SURGXFH D SDUWLFXODU UHVXOW
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
LQYROYLQJ DFWLYLWLHV WKDW DUH QRW FOHDU DQG WKDW SHRSOH WKLQN DUH GLVKRQHVW RU
PRUDOO\ZURQJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
HVSHFLDOO\ LQ D ZD\ WKDW LV GLIIHUHQW IURP HYHU\RQH HOVH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
SHRSOH ZKR DVN PHPEHUV RI WKH SXEOLF KRZ WKH\ LQWHQG WR YRWH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WHOHSKRQHVWKDWDUHQRWPRELOHSKRQHVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
DVNLQJWKHRSLQLRQVRIDJURXSRISHRSOHLQRUGHUWRJHWLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWDOOWKH
SHRSOHZKROLYHLQDFRXQWU\BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
:K\+LOODU\&OLQWRQORVWWKHHOHFWLRQWKHHFRQRP\WUXVWDQGDZHDNPHVVDJH
As Democrats try to understand their loss to such an unpopular and divisive rival,
problems with Clinton’s campaign offer some explanation
'DQ5REHUWV
1RYHPEHU
,WZLOOEDIIOH'HPRFUDWVIRU\HDUVWR
FRPHKRZGLG+LOODU\&OLQWRQPDQDJH
WR ORVH DQ HOHFWLRQ WR D FDQGLGDWH DV
GLYLVLYH DQG XQSRSXODU DV 'RQDOG
7UXPS" 2QFH WKH VKRFNZDYH SDVVHV
ZHPD\ILQGVRPHUDWLRQDOH[SODQDWLRQ
3ROLWLFDOSDUWLHVUDUHO\KROGRQWRSRZHU
DIWHU HLJKW \HDUV LQ RIILFH *HRUJH +:
%XVK ZKR IROORZHG GLUHFWO\ RQ IURP
5HDJDQDVD5HSXEOLFDQSUHVLGHQWZDVDQ
H[FHSWLRQ%XWSROLWLFVKDV EHFRPH PRUH
DQGPRUHSRODUL]HGVLQFHWKHQ
7UXPS¶VVXUSULVLQJVXFFHVVKDVLWVHOI
DOVREHFRPHDJROGHQUXOHLQ$PHULFDQ
SROLWLFVLQ:ULWWHQRIIUHSHDWHGO\
GXULQJ WKH 5HSXEOLFDQ SULPDU\ DQG
RQO\ UDUHO\ WDNHQ VHULRXVO\ GXULQJ WKH
JHQHUDO HOHFWLRQ KH QRQHWKHOHVV
SURYLGHVWKHEHVW H[DPSOH RIWKHVDPH
DQWLHVWDEOLVKPHQW PRRG WKDW OHG
%ULWDLQ WR YRWH WR OHDYH WKH (XURSHDQ
8QLRQ DQG 'HPRFUDWV LQ 86 VWDWHV
WRQRPLQDWH%HUQLH6DQGHUV
)DLUO\RUQRWLWLVDQHVWDEOLVKPHQWZLWK
ZKLFK YRWHUV FORVHO\ FRQQHFWHG
&OLQWRQ
7KHHFRQRP\
³,W¶V WKH HFRQRP\ VWXSLG´ ZDV
D SKUDVH PDGH IDPRXV E\ KHU
KXVEDQG¶V DGYLVHU -DPHV &DUYLOOH LQ
WKHHOHFWLRQDQGLQPDQ\ZD\VLW
18
TEXT 4 • WHY HILLARY CLINTON LOST THE ELECTION
RXJKW WR KDYH KHOSHG WKH 'HPRFUDWV
DJDLQ LQ %DUDFN 2EDPD KHOSHG
UHVFXHWKH86IURPWKHILQDQFLDOFUDVK
DQG GXULQJ KLV SUHVLGHQF\ WKHUH ZDV
UHFRUGMREJURZWK
8QIRUWXQDWHO\ IRU &OLQWRQ PDQ\
$PHULFDQV VLPSO\ GLG QRW IHHO DV
SRVLWLYH 6WDJQDQW ZDJH OHYHOV DQG
ULVLQJLQHTXDOLW\ZHUHV\PSWRPVRIWKH
ZRUU\ IHOW E\ PDQ\ YRWHUV 7UXPS
VXFFHVVIXOO\FRQYLQFHGWKHPWREHOLHYH
WKLVZDVFDXVHGE\EDGWUDGHGHDOVDQG
DULJJHGHFRQRP\
&OLQWRQ QHYHU UHDOO\ IRXQG
D VDWLVIDFWRU\ UHVSRQVH +HU VXGGHQ
FKDQJH RI RSLQLRQ RQ WUDGH VRXQGHG ±
DQG ZDV ODWHU SURYHG E\ OHDNHG
HPDLOV ± XQFRQYLQFLQJ RU HYHQ GHHSO\
F\QLFDO %XW WKH ERWWRP OLQH ZDV WKDW
&OLQWRQ VLPSO\ IDLOHG WR FRQYLQFLQJO\
GHIHQGPRGHUQ$PHULFDQFDSLWDOLVP
7UXVW
3DLGVSHHFKHVWR*ROGPDQ6DFKVDQG
D PXUN\ ZHE RI EXVLQHVV FRQQHFWLRQV
WR WKH IDPLO\ FKDULW\ PDGH PDQ\
$PHULFDQVGRXEW&OLQWRQ¶VVLQFHULW\RQ
PDWWHUV RI PRQH\ DQG PXFK HOVH 6R
WKH\VWRSSHGWUXVWLQJKHU
,W GLG QRW KHOS WKDW WKH )%, ZDV
LQYHVWLJDWLQJ &OLQWRQ XQWLO MXVW WZR
GD\V EHIRUH YRWLQJ 7KH\ ZDQWHG WR
EULQJSRVVLEOH FULPLQDOFKDUJHVIRUKHU
QRWUHVSHFWLQJGDWDVHFXULW\ODZV
(YHQ WKRXJK LW ZDV D GHDGHQG
LQYHVWLJDWLRQ WKH WLPLQJ RI LW ZDV
GDPDJLQJDQGLWJDYHWKHLGHD WKDW WKH
&OLQWRQVEHKDYHGDV LI WKHODZGLG QRW
DSSO\WRWKHP
0HVVDJHYDFXXP
,WDOVRGLGQRWKHOSWKDWZKDW
&OLQWRQ ZDV VHOOLQJ ZDV PDLQO\
KHUVHOI 7KH FDPSDLJQ¶V VWURQJHVW
PHVVDJH ZDV WKDW VKH ZDV XQLTXHO\
TXDOLILHG WR EHFRPH SUHVLGHQW 7KLV
ZDV PRVWO\ WUXH HVSHFLDOO\ ZKHQ
FRPSDUHG WR WKH LQFUHGLEO\
LQH[SHULHQFHG 'RQDOG 7UXPS EXW
WKLV ZDV VHHQ E\ PDQ\ YRWHUV WR EH
QRWVRLPSRUWDQW
(YHQWKRXJKWKHUHZHUHDWKRXVDQG
SROLF\ LGHDV IURP FKDQJHV WR WKH
KHDOWKFDUH V\VWHP WR D YHUVLRQ RI
6DQGHUV¶ FROOHJH GHEW SURSRVDOV IHZ
ZHUH PHPRUDEOH HYHQ DPRQJ KHU
VXSSRUWHUV
&DPSDLJQ VORJDQV DUH XVXDOO\
HPSW\ DQG &OLQWRQ¶V ³VWURQJHU
WRJHWKHU´ RQO\ UHDOO\ EHJDQ WR WDNH
VKDSH LQ UHVSRQVH WR 7UXPS¶V
GLYLVLYHQHVV
%URNHQSROOV
7KHUH ZLOO EH D ORW RI FULWLFLVP RI
WKHSROOVWHUVZKRVKRZHG&OLQWRQZLWK
DFRPIRUWDEOHWKUHHRU IRXUSRLQW OHDG
LQQDWLRQDORSLQLRQSROOVMXVWEHIRUHWKH
HOHFWLRQ
7KH SROOVWHUV¶ IDLOXUH ZDV SDUWO\
GXH WR D EURNHQ SROOLQJ LQGXVWU\
7U\LQJ WR UHDFK YRWHUV ZKR QR ORQJHU
XVH ODQGOLQHV RU HYHQ PRELOH YRLFH
FDOOV PXFK ZLWK WZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\
VWDWLVWLFDO VDPSOLQJ PHWKRGV KDV
SURGXFHG GDQJHURXVO\ PLVOHDGLQJ
UHVXOWVLQ RWKHUUHFHQWHOHFWLRQVDURXQG
WKHZRUOG
%XW WKH 86 SROOVWHUV ZHUH
SDUWLFXODUO\ FRQIXVHG E\ WKH
HOHFWLRQ $QDO\VWV LQFRUUHFWO\ DVVXPHG
WKDW LI UHJLVWHUHG 'HPRFUDWV ZHUH
YRWLQJHDUO\RUVD\LQJWKH\ZHUHJRLQJ
WR YRWH LW PHDQW WKH\ ZHUH YRWLQJ IRU
&OLQWRQ
$QG VR SURYLGHG D SROLWLFDO
ERPEVKHOO WKDW ZLOO PHDQ WKH 86
HOHFWRUDO PDS QHYHU ORRNV WKH VDPH
DJDLQ
19
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B1+
&RPSUHKHQVLRQFKHFN
D ,Q \RXU RZQ ZRUGV OLVW WKH PDLQ UHDVRQV ZK\ +LOODU\ &OLQWRQ ORVW WKH
HOHFWLRQ
HFRQRP\ WUXVW PHVVDJH
E%ULHIO\WDONDERXWHDFKSRLQWDQGJLYHVXJJHVWLRQVDVWRZKDW&OLQWRQ
VKRXOGRUFRXOGKDYHGRQH
([DPSOHV
The problem was …
She should have …
If she’d …, then …
3LFWXUHWKLV±PHWDSKRULFDOODQJXDJH
D)LQGWKHPHWDSKRUVLQWKHDUWLFOH:KDWGRWKH\PHDQ":KDWGRWKH\
GHVFULEHLQWKHWH[W"
WKHERWWRPOLQH
DPXUN\ZHE
DGHDGHQG
JROGHQUXOH
SROLWLFDOERPEVKHOO
E:KDWPHQWDOSLFWXUHGR\RXIRUPZKHQ\RXUHDGWKHPHWDSKRUV"
F8VHWKHPLQVHQWHQFHVRI\RXURZQ
9LGHR
:DWFKWKHPLQXWHYLGHRDERXW&OLQWRQ¶VFDPSDLJQ,QZKDWRUGHUGLGWKH
HYHQWVEHORZKDSSHQ"1XPEHUWKHP
ZZZWKHJXDUGLDQFRPXVQHZVQRYKLOODU\FOLQWRQHOHFWLRQ
SUHVLGHQWORVV
20
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]