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Файл:Сonstruction equipment for civil engineers. Учебно-практическое пособие
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Whether mounted on a loader bucket1, a backhoe bucket2 or a grader
3
, asphalt road cutter is effective. Machine makes a cut as it moves
blade
forward. When the downward force is applied to the cutter the cutting
wheel rotates and cuts through the asphalt.
Applications. Asphalt road cutter
4
, as the name suggest is mainly applied
for cutting road surfaces, highways, asphalt pavements, pathways etc. The
asphalt so removed are generally used in hot mix plants for its further usage.
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) asphalt surface a) вручную
2) roadway b) нисходящая сила
3) runaway c) асфальтированная поверхность
4) manually d) шоссе
5) pressure e) вращаться
6) width f) взлетно-посадочная полоса
7) remove g) удалять
8) rotate h) ширина
9) downward force i) давление
Exercise 3. Answer the questions:
1. What kind of machine is the asphalt road cutter?
2. How can it be operated?
3. The asphalt road cutter can be attached with any tractors or
backhoes, can’t it?
4. Can the width and diameter of the cutter vary?
Task 3
Exercise 1. Read the text and do the exercises.
Articulated Haulers
An articulated hauler
which is a transition between a tractor-trailer
1. Loader bucket — ковш погрузчика.
2. Backhoe bucket — ковш механизма обратной лопаты.
3. Grader blade — лезвие сортировщика.
4. Asphalt road cutter — резак асфальтовой дороги.
5. Articulated hauler — раздельный откатчик.
6. Tractor-trailer — трактор-тягач.
5
is one of the most versatile piece of equipment
6
and an articulated
41
loader1. The strength of an articulated hauler lies in the coupling and
drive systems. Power and drive sections moves independently of the
load section due to the coupling system. The two sections are attached
together through an oscillating system which allows the two units to
move in a rolling motion around its centerline.
Articulated haulers have good load carrying capacity and its body is
wide and open to facilitate loading from excavators and wheel loaders.
They are also very maneuverable to load from fixed loading facilities.
Applications of articulated hauler. An articulated hauler is easy to
operate machine. It is very useful in operating in rough terrain and is
applicable in the following areas :
Loading and unloading of materials. •
Bringing the materials to construction sites. •
Helpful in road construction. •
Helps in bringing materials for the construction of runways of airports. •
Useful in various landfill operations. •
Articulated haulers are also used to move large volumes of material
without access to roads in earthmoving, quarrying, mining, forestry etc.
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) coupling system a) колесо погрузчика
2) move b) применимый
3) independently c) центральная линия
4) oscillating system d) колебательная система
5) centerline e) независимо
6) applicable f) двигаться
7) wheel loader g) система связи
1. Articulated loader — раздельный погрузчик.
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8) unloading h) строительная площадка
9) construction site i) разгрузка
Exercise 3. Find the following expressions in the text:
1) универсальная часть оборудования;
2) двигательная система;
3) секция груза;
4) катящееся движение;
5) хорошая загрузочная способность;
6) неподвижные загрузочные средства;
7) загрузка материалов;
8) дорожное строительство;
9) операции закапывания мусора;
10) без доступа к дорогам.
Exercise 4. What are the applications of an articulated hauler?
Task 4
Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Backhoe Loaders
1
Backhoe loader
is an important engineering machinery which
comprises of a small backhoe in the rear end, a tractor, front shovel and
2
replaceable bucket
. It is a versatile small size machinery which is quite
useful in many small engineering projects.
Backhoe Loader Making. Backhoe loader is supposedly most
ordinary variation of the classic farm tractor. As the name suggests, it
carries a loader
1. Backhoe loader — погрузчик типа «обратная лопата».
2. Bucket — ковш.
assembly towards the front and a backhoe attachment
43
towards the back. One noticeable thing is that even if the loader and
backhoe are attached, it would never be referred as a tractor. This
particular machine has a seat that is able to swivel to the rear to handle
the backhoe controls. Any kind of detachable backhoe attachments
would carry a separate seat on the attachment itself.
Backhoe Loader Working. Backhoe has three segments namely
1
, stick, and bucket. Backhoe can also be associated with variety of
boom
other instruments like augers
2
, hydraulic hammers, asphalt grinders and
grapples. For mounting different attachments backhoe loader is equipped
with a tool coupler which consists of two hydraulic cylinders on the end of
the loader arm assembly which can expand and retract allowing different
tools to be attached to the unit. The attachment of different tools allows
backhoe loaders to do multiple jobs, thereby increasing its versatility.
Backhoe Loaders Applications. Small backhoe loaders also referred
as mini backhoe loaders are quite useful in different areas. Owing to its
small and portable size, backhoe loaders finds their application in the
following fields:
Construction. •
Light demolition. •
Transportation of light building material.•
Digging holes. •
Paving roads. •
Breaking asphalt. •
Small urban engineering project.•
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) replaceable a) дробилка асфальта
2) in the rear end b) выдвигаться
3) versality c) заменимый
4) stick d) инструмент сцепления
5) asphalt grinder e) сзади
6) mounting f) многосторонность
7) tool coupler g) рукоять
8) expand h) установка
1. Boom — «стрела».
2. Auger — сверло.
44
Exercise 3. Find the following expressions in the text:
1) универсальная машина;
2) технический проект;
3) гидравлический молоток;
4) различное навесное оборудование;
5) присоединение различных инструментов;
6) разнообразные работы;
7) легкое разрушение;
8) мощение дорог.
Exercise 4. Where does the backhoe loader find the application?
Task 5
Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Asphalt Crawler Paver
1
Asphalt Crawler Paver
is a machine that is utilized to distribute,
shape and compact the layer of asphalt on the surface of a roadway or
other area. Usually it is self propelled but sometimes it is towed by the
2
dump truck
delivering the asphalt. Screed and the tractor are the two
major components of the crawler asphalt plant.
Asphalt crawler paver has a track drive in which the left and right
variable-speed hydraulic drive motors and two-speed planetary gears
are bolted to the drive hubs. Engine, hydraulic drives and controls, drive
3
wheels or tracks, receiving hopper
4
augers
are the important components of the tractors.
, feeder conveyors, and distribution
Applications. Asphalt crawler pavers are important machinery that
are utilized for various infrastructural projects. They are mainly used in
the following areas :
Paving roads. •
Maintenance of roads. •
Highways. •
Parking lot. •
Building of ports etc.•
1. Asphalt crawler paver — ползущий асфальтовый мостильщик.
2. Dump truck — самосвал.
3. Receiving hopper — загрузочный бункер.
4. Distribution augers — распределительные сверла.
45
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) utilize a) обслуживание
2) distribute b) использовать
3) layer c) распределять
4) self-propelled d) двигатель
5) deliver e) слой
6) variable speed f) самодвижущийся
7) engine g) поставлять
8) maintenance h) разноскоростной
Exercise 3. Find the meaning of the following words in the dictionary
and insert them into the sentences:
Utilize, tow, paving, screed, feeder conveyer.
1. One of the two main components of the asphalt crawler is ….
2. Modern equipment is … in many factories.
3. … is the important component of the tractor.
4. Different machines are … by the dump truck.
5. The asphalt crawler pavers are used in … roads.
Exercise 4. What are the applications of the asphalt crawler paver?
Task 6
Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Bulldozer
The term «bulldozer», refers to a tracked tractor fitted with a dozer
1
. It is a heavy, driver-operated machine for clearing and grading
blade
lands. The tracks gives bulldozer excellent ground hold and mobility
through very rough terrain.
Bulldozer came into existence in early 20th century. It has now
undergone many modifications suiting to the requirements of the big
infrastructural projects. Bulldozer is one of the widely used construction
machinery.
Mechanical Operations of Buldozer Parts. Tractor, blade and rippers
are the main parts of bulldozer. Tractor is controlled by control joystick,
1. Blade — лезвие.
2. Ripper — рыхлитель.
46
2
monitor panel, and pedals. It shaves the uneven ground through blade
and carries the shaven soil along with it. While shaving, it levels and
tightens the ground with its own weight. Ripper on the other hand
scratches the ground. Ripper can shave big rocks and hard grounds too
which the blade is unable to do.
Types of Buldozers. If we talk about the parts of a bulldozer, the major
parts of it are the blade, ripper and scraper. All types of bulldozers have
blade and ripper as well as scraper. However, some of the bulldozer types
have hydraulic scrapers. Thus, the two major types of the bulldozers can
be listed as:
Bulldozer with Blade and Rippe• r.
Bulldozer with Hydraulic Scrape• r.
Depending on the nature of the work dozer blades comes in three
varieties:
Straight blade. •
Universal blade. •
Combination of straight and universal blade. •
Applications of Bulldozer. Bulldozer is the primary machinery for doing
major construction works. The size, weight and the technology used by
it has made it applicable for various fields which can be summed as:
Land leveling. •
Digging of canals. •
Raising earth dams. •
Scaling of the construction sites. •
Mining industry. •
Road construction. •
Military bases. •
Heavy industries. •
Large governmental projects.•
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Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) fitted with a) рытье
2) dozer blade b) камень
3) grading c) оснащенные
4) mobility d) вес
5) requirement e) бульдозерное лезвие
6) soil f) сортировка
7) weight g) почва
8) rock h) требование
9) digging i) подвижность
Exercise 3. Find the following expressions in the text:
1) управляемая водителем машина;
2) трактор на спецколесах;
3) неровная местность;
4) панель приборов;
5) снятая почва;
6) уплотняет землю;
7) неспособен делать;
8) прямое лезвие;
9) горнодобывающая промышленность;
10) строительная площадка.
Exercise 4. Answer the questions:
1. What kind of machine is a bulldozer?
2. What gives the bulldozer excellent ground hold and mobility?
3. When was it invented?
4. What are the main parts of the bulldozer?
5. What can the ripper do?
6. There are two major types of the bulldozers, aren’t there? What
are they?
7. What are three varieties of dozer blades?
8. Where are bulldozers used?
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Task 7
Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Bridge Crane
Bridge crane is a heavy machinery that is designed to build or fix a bridge.
It operates on two tracks and has four way horizontal movement. Bridge
cranes cover rectangular area and can be floor supported or hung from
the ceiling. The main components of bridge cranes are bridge, trolley,
1
hoist drum, hoist cable, hoist block, hook bumpers
2
switches. On-off switch
is on control pendant for taking emergency
, pendant and limit
steps, in the event of failure of any of the control panels.
Bridge cranes are either double girder or single girder. Double girder
bridge crane can be utilized at any capacity where extremely high hook
lift is required because the hook can be pulled up between the girders.
For high speeds and heavy services too, double girder bridge cranes are
very useful. In bridge crane rigid box girder construction and durable
trolley design are well suited for heavy service applications.
Exercise 2. Find the equivalents:
1) fix a) предельный выключатель
2) operate b) устанавливать
3) rectangular c) требовать
4) limit switch d) прямоугольный
5) emergency steps e) работать
6) double girder f) чрезвычайные меры
7) require g) двойной протон
1. Hook bumper — крюковой амортизатор.
2. On-off switch — релейный выключатель.
49
Exercise 3. Find the meaning of the following words in the dictionary
and insert them into the sentences:
Emergency, support, durable, trolley, design, construction.
1. The project of this building has been … recently.
2. … is the main component of the bridge crane.
3. Do you think those shelves can … so many books?
4. Ring the bell in an … .
5. He works in a … company.
6. Reinforced concrete is a … construction material.
Exercise 4. What are the applications of a bridge crane?
Task 8
Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
Brick Making Machine
No construction is possible without bricks. Since many centuries brick
making has been practiced by human beings. In modern period bricks are
easily made by using concrete brick machinery using new technologies.
Generally two types of bricks are manufactured by the machines —
concrete block machines and clay brick machines. Different types of
automatic machines use different techniques to make bricks. The raw
1
materials used by the machines for making bricks are fly ash
2
iron oxide
, lime sludge3, quarry wastes etc.
, sand lime,
In clay brick making machines, clay and water is mixed in one
chamber. In second or extrusion chamber clay is given shape with the
1. Fly ash — зола.
2. Iron oxide — окись железа.
3. Lime sludge — осадок извести.
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