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Файл:Практический курс английского языка. Учебное пособие для СПО
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7.3.3 Read the article again and make notes about thefactors that affect buyers and
sellers.
Buyers Sellers
what I can afford what it cost to produce
7.3.4 Read about Jamie Hughes.What are the main duties of a music store
manager?What qualities do you need? Why do you think a store manager has to put
‘customers first’?
It’s my job
Age: 24
Job: Trainee music store manager
Nationality: British
Tell me about your job
I'm learning to be a store manager for a company thatsells music and DVDs. It's a
well-known high streetstore, so you're always busy and there's quite a lot ofpressure. But
I'm enjoying it!
What are the responsibilities of a retail store manager?
I'm a trainee, so I don't have full responsibility yet. Butstore managers have to make
sure that sales targets arereached and that profits increase. They interview andrecruit new
staff. They deal with any complaints orqueries that customers have. They also check
stocklevels and make sure the store has everything it needs.
What qualities do you need?
Well, you need lots of self-motivation. You have to beable to think quickly and
make decisions underpressure. You've got to be able to communicate clearlyto people, too.
And you must be committed to the needsof your customers.
What do you like about the job?
This is a great environment. I lovemusic. It's the passion of my life. Sowhat job
could be better?
What's the most important thing you've learned?
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The most important thing I'velearned isn't very original. It's anold saying, but it's
true. Thecustomer always comes first!
7.3.5 The following sentences are from the first paragraph of the text below.
Readthe sentences and decide where they fit in the text.
A The 150 sweaters she sent off last week to Saks Fifth Avenue was the last
order onthe company's books.
B As a result, Robertson has laid off* her first worker in her production plant in
theScottish borders town of Hawick, where more than half of Europe's cashmere**goods
are produced.
C With the spring shows just around the corner, this is normally a busy time of
yearfor Belinda Robertson, an Edinburgh-based producer of cashmere clothing forfashion
houses, boutiques and department stores.
Casualties of the Trade Wars
If you think fashion is unpredictable, try world trade. 1____. Last year she did
60%of her $2.5 million annual sales in the United States, but this year is
startingdifferently.2______. “We're low on work at the moment’, she says, because the
merethreat of US trade sanctions has put American buyers in wait-and-see mode.3______.
Officials fear the loss there of as many as 700 further jobs.
Hawick's fate is tied, bizarrely, to bananas. Because the US believes EU trade
policyunfairly favors crops from ex-colonies in the Caribbean and Africa over those
ownedby US firms like Chiquita and Dole, it threatens more than $500 million in “cross-
sanctions” against unrelated European exports from almost 20 product categories like
plastics, sweet biscuits and cashmere.
Washington won't introduce the 100% punitive tariffs until March at the
earliest,depending on the outcome of negotiations at the World Trade Organization in
Geneva.But the threat alone is enough to damage Hawick's cashmere industry. Clan
DouglasLtd., for instance, landed a $1.65 million order from an American department
storejust before Christmas. That price included normal duties of $100,000, but if
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thesanctions kick in theywill rise to almost $800,000. “Our commitment to our
contractcould force us into bankruptcy”, says finance director Jeff Gutteridge.
There's no American cashmere to fill the gap. Top-grade weaves come from
Scotlandand from Northern Italy, whose industry faces the same US sanctions; next in line
isChina with whom the US already has an immense trade deficit. “If this goes through”,
says Gutteridge, “the Americans will be handing over our business to China anddestroying
the economic base of this town”.
Little wonder that the weavers of Hawick, like Belgian biscuit makers and
Germanplastics manufacturers, hope sanctions can be avoided. But with serious issues
ofprocedure and precedent on the line at WTO for both Washington and
Brussels,negotiators were pessimistic on prospects of a compromise. In trade as in
fashion,reason isn't necessarily the highest good.
By James Graff/Brussels
*to lay (someone) off – to stop employing someone
**cashmere = a type of fine soft wool
7.3.6 2 Choose the correct answer to complete the following statements about
thetext.
1 Belinda Robertson's company ____:
a) sold more than 60% of its production last year to department stores,
b) is usually very busy during the first few months of the year,
c) produces more than 50% of Europe's cashmere.
2 Belinda Robertson has had to make some of her staff redundant because of
____:
a) the competition from China.
Time magazine (adapted)
b) the introduction of US sanctions.
c) a shortage of US orders.
3 If the EU doesn't change its trade policy, the US will ____:
a) apply restrictions on the imports of fruit to America,
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b) import more cashmere from Italy.
c) import certain goods from non-European sources instead.
4 If sanctions are imposed ______:
a) some British companies could go out of business if they respect their
existingexport contracts with the US.
b) all European exporters will have to pay higher duties on their exports.
c) some businesses will move to other countries.
5 The US _____:
a) exports more to China than it imports.
b) importsmore from China than it exports.
c) imports as much as it exports to China.
6 The negotiations _______:
a) will determine which goods are subject to sanctions.
b) are not expected to be difficult.
c) involve some complex questions.
7.3.7 Use the letters in brackets to form a word to complete each sentence.
1 Companies will be penalised if they exceed the_______ (SAOQTU) that have
been imposed on imports of certain categories of goods.
2 When you export to India, you must conform to the administrative
proceduresthat are required by the government____________ (CUBCAUREARY).
3 We have decided to appoint Mr. Carver who will represent us as our sole
_______ (GATEN) for the South African market.
4 All goods coming into the country are subject to customs __________
(IDESTU).
5 The EU has agreed that__________ (CISNATNOS) will only belifted when
the country has agreed to respect the international trade agreementthat it signed two years
ago.
6 We have agreed to allow two Taiwanese companies to manufacture our
productsunder________ (CELNICE).
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7 The________ (NOTRCATC) contains several clauses referring tothe
conditions concerning the transfer of technology.
8 The goods were delivered two months ago but we are still waiting for
ourcustomer to pay the__________ (CONIVEI).
7.4 Vocabulary
Economic terms.Match the words with the definitions
goods supply demand
services transaction value
a) business done between people, often involving abuyer and a seller
b) doing something for customers but not producinggoods
c) how much something is worth in money or other goods
d) physical things that are produced to be sold
e) the desire or need of customers for goods or services
f) the amount of something that is offered for sale
7.5 Speaking
a) Go to p.111,readthe three situations and note what Karenwants to know. What
excuse does the person give whocan't help? Write out expressions for
Interrupting Polite requests Agreeing to a request Refusing a request
b) Pronunciation. Polite requests
When you make a polite request, your voice stays low at the end of the
sentence.
Could I possibly borrow your file?
When you agree to a request, your voice also stays low at the end of the
sentence.
Yes, of course.
Go to p.111 and respond to the requests. Agree to thepolite requests, refuse the rude
request.
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c) Put these requests in order of how much trouble theyrequire or disturbance
they cause.
□ use your mobile phone □ buy stamps for me
□ finish my report for me □ get me a glass of water
□ borrow £10 □ borrow your bike
□ open the window □ turn down your radio
□ explain how to get to the □ borrow yourmeeting dictionary
Choose an expression for each request. Role playthesituations with your partner.
Work in pairs. Student A and Student B go top.112.
7.6 Project
Work in pairs. Think of the last three things you bought, e.g. a newspaper, petrol,
food, a T-shirt, a phone card. Tell your partner about your purchases.
What made you buy it?
Was it a need or a want?
Did you buy it for long term or short term use?
Was it a service or goods?
Did you buy it for your personal use?
Did you think it was good value?
Write a short report together about your six purchases. Think about the factors that
influenced the availability of the product and its price.
7.7 Business know-how
Work in pairs. Discuss what makes you tired and whatgives you energy.
Read the tips below and discuss them with yourpartner.
How to get energized at work
• Focus on what you want to achieve. Think “Afterthis I can...”
• Tidy up your desk and room – clutter reduces yourenergy levels.
• Work at a steady pace, don't start very fast, or youwill run out of energy.
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• Don't be distracted by other jobs, stay focused onthe task you are doing.
• Don't work against the clock, just concentrate onthe job in hand.
• Stretch and move your body – it increases theblood flow to your brain.
• Take a break – go outside, take a walk in the park.
7.8 Writing
7.8.1 You are in a new job as an administrative assistant for asmall company. Write
emails to a colleague for two ofthe following situations. Offer explanations.
• Ask your colleague to email you the office phone list(you have lost it).
• Ask how to access the client database (your boss hasasked you to update it).
• Ask when the next group meeting is (you are new).
• Ask to read your colleague's marketing report (youneed the information for a
project you are doing).
7.8.2 Work in pairs. Take your partner’s emails. Writeanswers to the emails.
Apologize and explain why youcan't help.
7.9 Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit.Tick ()the statements which are true.
I can talk about the past
I can interrupt politely
I can make polite requests, agree to themand refuse them
I can talk about marketing
7.10 Key words
Needs
Wants
clothes
food
health
sanitation
buyer
demand
goods
seller
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shelter
services
warmth
water
Look back through this unit. Find five more words or expressions that you think are
useful.
8 Unit 8. Ethical trading
8.1 Start up
8.1.1 Do the questionnaire and check your score.Work in pairs. Compare your
answers with your partner.
supply
target
transaction
1 You would like a new T-shirt.
a) You'd get an organic cotton one from asmall family business in India.
b) You’d buy one from a local shop – youlike to support the community.
c) You've seen one in town, it's just yourcolour and it's good value.
2 You want to buy some chocolate.
a) You'd choose organic chocolate that thegrowers got a fair price for.
b) You'd buy organic chocolate but youaren't worried about who grew it.
c) You'd choose your favourite chocolate,with a famous brand name.
3 Your printer manufacturer provides an envelope for you to send back
theink cartridge for recycling.
a) You always send the ink cartridge backin the envelope. It's a good idea.
b) You like the idea but you always end upforgetting to do it.
c) You never bother, you haven't got timefor things like that.
4 What do you have in your supermarket basket?
a) Products that growers got a fair pricefor. organic food, local food
environmentally-friendly products.
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b) Famous brand products, packages andfood from other countries, but
someorganic food and products.
c) You never read packets and containers,you just buy the things you like and
trust,such as famous brands.
5 You have a favourite brand of biscuits. But you find out that they treat
their workers badly and exploit people in the developing world.
a) You choose not to buy the products that the manufacturer makes.
b) You avoid thatmanufacturer but onlywhen you remember. And you reallylike
those biscuits!
c) You don't worry. There should be apolitical solution to that sort of problem.
Score
Mostly As: You think about howproducts have reached the shopsand you want to
make less impacton the environment.
Mostly Bs: You have a lot of goodintentions, but in the end you want aproduct that's
easy to use and suitsyou.
Mostly Cs: You don't worry aboutthe effect your purchases have onthe world. You
feel manufacturersshould do that for you.
8.2 Grammar
The Passive
Read the rules and add some examples from the article.
We use the Passive when it is not important to say who did an action.
Fair tradeproducts are made in the developing world.
We use by to say who did something.
The handicrafts were made by poor producers.
Here are some Passive forms:
Present Simple
...a percentage of the profits is given to Global Fund...
___________________________________________________________________
1
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Past Simple
The first Fairtrade label was started in 1988.
The current Fairtrade mark was designed to...
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Present Continuous
The brand is being licensed to companies…
Present Perfect
…the lives of the farmers involved have been transformed.
Now we have been empowered….
__________________________________________________________________
will, can, must etc.
... a special premium which must be invested in development
__________________________________________________________________
Go to grammar reference p.123
2
3
4
5
8.3 Reading
8.3.1 Read the article and answer these questions.
1 What is Fairtrade?
2 How did it start?
3 How does it work?
4 What are typical Fairtrade products?
5 What is Product Red?
Fairtrade
When you drink a cup of coffee do you think about how it got to you? Would you
pay extra if you knew the producers got a reasonable price?
Fairtrade is a movement that promotes fair standards for international labour. It
started in the 1960s with shops in European countries selling handicrafts which were made
by poor producers. The first Fair trade label was started in 1988 inthe Netherlands and
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