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Файл:Практический курс английского языка. Учебное пособие для СПО
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3) disabled a person who does dangerousthings in place of an
actor ina movie
4 battery powered by turning a key or ahandle by hand
5 stuntman to turn a key or a handle tomake a machine work
6 disease unable to use part of your bodybecause of illness,
injury, etc.
6.2.8 Go to p.109, read about the inventorTrevor Baylis and decide if the sentences
are true (T)or false (F).
1 Trevor Baylis was a car and motorbike stuntman.___
2 He saw a programme about AIDS in Africa anddecided to invent a radio.___
3 His idea was to use clockwork so that you couldwind up the radio.___
4 The manufacturers he approached were interested in his radio.___
5 In 1993 Trevor gave up and became a TV presenter.___
6 A businessman invested in the Freeplay radio tohelp the rural poor in
Africa.__
7 The improved radio could play for an hour after a30-second wind.___
8 Trevor is now working on a CD player that usessolar power.___
6.3 Grammar
Past Continuous
1 We use the Past Continuous to talk about an action or situation that was in
progress at a specific time in the past.
One day, in 1951. she was typing at work when she made a mistake.
Find and underline three sentences using the PastContinuous in 6.2.2, then read the
rule.
2 We often use when or while before the Past Continuous and when before the
Past Simple.
Go to Grammar reference p 121
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Jerry works for Alicia's company. QIP. Look atthe information and complete
sentences about them using the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1 Inl990Alicia________ at university.
2 While Jerry __________at university, he __________ in London.
3 Alicia __________ university in 1991.
4 In 1994 Alicia ___________ round the world.
5 Inl997Alicia __________.
6 While Alicia __________in New York, Jerry ________for a computer
company.
7 When Alicia ___________ her own company, Jerry ______as an IT
consultant.
8 Jerry __________to work for Alicia's companyin 2006.
Jerry
1990-93 studied at university
1990-93lived in London
1994 did a business course
1995-2000lived In Paris
1996-2000 worked for a computer company
2001moved back to London
2001-2006worked as an IT consultant
2006started to work for QIP
Alicia
1990-91 studied at university
1991 left university
1990-92 lived in Madrid
1993-96 travelled around the world
1997 got married
1997-2001 lived In New York
1999-2004 worked for a film company
2004 moved to London
2005 started QIP, her own company
6.4 Company profile
Apple Computer Inc.
6.4.1 Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
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1 What make of computerdoyou have, or does your university have?
2 What do you like/not like about it?
6.4.2 Read about Apple and answer the questions.
Whatarethe mostfamous Apple products?
Why do you think they have been successful?
What was special about the Apple 1 and Apple II computers?
When was the worst time for the company?
What changes did Steve lobs make in the 1990s?
What contribution do you think Apple has made to your life today?
Apple Computer Inc.
Apple Computer Inc. is famous for itsuser-
friendly hardware such as iPod and iMac, iTunes and
iLife suite. Itsapple logo is now one of the
mostrecognized brand symbols in theworld. But did
you know that Applehelped start the
computerrevolution with its first computers inthe
1970s?
Apple's founders, Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak, met at a computerclub in
California in the 1970s. Atthat time you had to buildyourowncomputer from parts. But
they realized many more people woulduse home computers if they were simple and easy
to use.They raised$1,300 and built a prototype.Theyhad invented PCs as we know them!
In 1976 they formed the Apple Computer Company. Wozniakbecame the Vice
President and alsowrote most of the software. They sold their first computer, Apple I, for
$666.66, and it earned the company a million dollars Their second generation computer,
Apple II,hadon-screen graphics for the first time,andafloppydiskdrive. At that time Apple
weren't sure that the public even wanted the graphics!
In 1980 the company developedand marketed the Macintosh. Applewent through a
bad time in the 1990s, when it didn't keep up withthe marketplace. Wozniak and Jobsboth
left Apple,but Jobs returned in 1997 to take control again.Hedecided to focus on invention
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and innovation, aiming to make greatproducts. With their best-selling iPodand iTunes.
Apple moved into consumer electronics. By the end ofthe first year, more than 20
millionsongs had been purchased fromApple's site.
6.4.3 Steve Jobs admires Einstein and once said: “You can tella lot about a person
by who his or her heroes are.” Workin pairs and talk about your heroes. What do they
sayabout you?
EXAMPLE: My hero is Nelson Mandela. He fought for what hebelieves in.
6.5 Project
Find out about the inventors of the board game TrivialPursuit. Write a short project
outlining
• how and why they invented the game
• how they developed the prototype
• the problems they had at the beginning
• how they became millionaires
Here are a few websites for you to try:
www.trivialpursuit.com www.inventorsabout.com www.ideafinder.com
6.6 Business know-how
How inventive are you? Work in pairs. Answer thequestions.
Have you ever invented something?
Do you often think of a better way to do something?
Do you have the ability to visualize things?
Do you often ask ‘Why’?
Inventiveness is a skill that can be developed. The keyaccording to psychology
professor Richard Wiseman, isto have lots of novel experiences. Read the ideas belowand
discuss the advice with your partner.
Become more inventive
• Go into shops you don't usually visit
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• Look at books you don't usually read
My hero
• Speak to people with different interests from you
• Walk a different way to university/job
• Listen to different music
• Go to a museum or gallery and really look at things
• Make friends with different sorts of people
• Do a drawing of a problem that is worrying you
6.7 Writing
Write a paragraph for a chat room about one of your heroes in business or another
field, such as sport ormusic. Include
• what he or she is famous for
• his or her main qualities.
The British entrepreneur Richard Branson started his first businessin the 1970s when
he opened a record shop in Oxford Street, London. Later he created Virgin Records,
and signed many famousartists including Phil Collins and the Sex Pistols. Nowadays
hisbusinesses include music and media stores, airlines, traincompanies, and internet
services. He is very adventurous and hastravelled around the world by boat and hot-air
balloon. I admire himbecause he is a successful businessman who works hard, but
alsohas fun. He is an inspiring leader with a good sense of humour.
6.8 Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit.Tick ()the statements which are true.
I can talk about the past
I can talk about business innovations
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I can give an opinion about something
6.9 Key words
Inventions
build
come up with
develop
experiment
Look back through this unit. Find five more words or expressions that you think are
useful.
7 Unit 7. Buying and Selling
7.1 Start up
The office
calculator
correction fluid
Post-it notes
improve
innovation
inventor
patent
prototype
Research and Development
(R&D)
unconventional
inspiration
Work in groups. Discuss whether thegoods below are essential for our dailylives.
Choose the five items that youbelieve are the most necessary.
Hairdryer TV mobile phone
vacuum cleaner radio tap water
paper soap bottled water
perfume computer CDs or downloadablemusic
car refrigerator bicycle
fast food books sweets
jewellery trainers
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Discuss what other goods or services areessential for our daily lives.
2006.
7.2 Grammar
Past Simple v Past Continuous
a) Put these examples under the correct rule.
Hi, Sonia. I just got your message. I wasn't at my desk when you called.
I met my friend Brian when/while I was studying Business at college.
Hussein was working for an import-export company when he moved to Italy in
A: What were you doing? B: I was reading a report.
We use the Past Simple to talk about a complete event in the past.
1
___________________________________________________________________
We use the Past Continuous to talk about an action that was in progress.
2
___________________________________________________________________
We use the Past Simple for an action that interrupts a Past Continuous action
in progress.
Javier was surfing the net when his manager came into the office.
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We use while / when in front of the Past Continuous.
3
___________________________________________________________________
We use when not while in front of the Past Simple.
4
___________________________________________________________________
We use the Past Continuous to set the scene in a story.
In the 1980s James was living in London. All his friends were earning lots of money.
Stative verbs are not usually used in continuous tenses.
I was in a meeting when the CEO arrived.
NOT I was being in a meeting when the CEO arrived.
Go to Grammar reference p.122
b) complete the text with the Past Simple or PastContinuous of the verbs in
brackets.
This happened when I 1___________ (surf) the net in the office.I2__________ (not
do) this in work time – this3___________ (be)during my lunch hour. While I4_________
(look) on eBay.I5_________ (notice) a designer jacket. It6__________ (look)brilliant.
I7__________ (plan) to ask my boss for a promotion, and I 8____________ (think) this
jacket would create the perfect image.So I 9___________ (place) a bid. Then while
I10___________ (work) during the afternoon, I11__________ (check) thewebsite several
times. Somebody12________ (bid)against me! Anyway, the jacket13__________ (become)
too expensive, and I14___________ (not buy) it.
A week later, I15_________ (have) the meeting with myboss. We16________(talk)
about my promotion when I 17___________ (start)laughing. My boss18__________ (wear)
thedesigner jacket!
c) Work in pairs. Tell your partner about something that happened to you in the
past. Remember to set the scene.
• work experience • getting a job
• a coincidence • an trip abroad
• winning a competition • a strange event
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7.3 Reading
7.3.1 Read the article and answerthe questions.
1 What's the difference between 'wanting' something and ‘needing’ something?
2 What things do we all need to survive? (e.g. a home)
3 How are the basic needs met in your life?
4 How many of the things you own do you reallyneed?
5 How many of the things you buy are necessary?
You want it – but do you need it?
You were watching TV when you sawthe ad for a new
soft drink, or whileyou were sitting in a bar you heard that
amazing song. Perhaps you werewalking down the street when
yousaw a fabulous T-shirt in the shop window,or did you see
the latest MP3player while were you surfingthe net? Whatever
the situation, youdecided you wanted it. You deservedit. And so you bought it! But did
youneed it?
‘Needs’ are common to all humans; thefive basic needs are food, water,
shelter,clothes, and warmth. Manyeconomists also add health andsanitation to this list.
‘Wants’ are goods and services that aren't necessary butwe would like to have. However,
it'svery easy for people in the developedworld to turn a want into a need. Forexample, we
all need food but we don'thave to have ice-cream or caviar,or weneed clothes but they
don't have to bethe latest fashions.
7.3.2 Read the article and answer the questions.
1 What are the different aims of buyers and sellers?
2 When you are buying a new product, which of the buyer's questions do you
ask? Do you ask any others?
3 Why do sellers have to consider the price other sellers are charging?
4 What determines the price of goods and services?
5 Why will producers lower their prices?
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6 Why will producers raise their prices?
Market forces
You probably buy things every day ofyour life. Maybe you go to shops
andsupermarkets, get your magazines froma newsstand, or purchase things on theInternet.
Or maybe you've bought anold bike from a friend. What all thesesituations have in
common is that thereis a buyer and a seller in a ‘marketplace’ and a businesstransaction
takes place.
People who want to sell have differentaims from those who want to buy. If youare
selling your house, you will wantthe best price possible. But if you arebuying, then you
will look for thecheapest price.
You make many decisions when you want to buy something – some of
themconscious and others unconscious.
What products are available? How desperately do you need it? Is the priceOK? Can
you afford it? Is there a betterbargain elsewhere? Have you got timeto ‘shop around’?
Sellers have to consider, among otherthings, the value of the goods and theprice
they are prepared to accept; whatother sellers are charging far similarproducts; the profit
they will make;what it cost to produce and the cost ofselling and delivering the
goods.Theyalso have to be aware of the economy ingeneral and know if people
haveenough money to spend.
Market forces influence the price ofgoods and services. Their price dependson the
quantity available (supply) andhow many buyers want them (demand).If the supply is
greater than thedemand, prices will fall.This oftenhappens seasonally with fruit
andvegetables. If the demand is greaterthan the supply, prices will go up andproducers will
increase production.This often happens with raw materialssuch as oil.
We can see these market forces at workin house sales. If there's no interestfrom
potential buyers, then you willhave to drop your price. But if there is alot of interest, you
can sit back andwatch your profits rise.
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