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Файл:Практическая грамматика английского языка неличные формы глагола = Practical English Grammar Non-Finite Verbs. Учебное пособие
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CHAPTER III. THE PARTICIPLE
19.Could you look at it before you leave? 20.While I was in Italy, I went
to see the Coliseum.
EXERCISE 10.Translate the sentences into Russian using ParticipleI as
an adverbial modifi er.
1. Профессор вошел в аудиторию, разговаривая по телефону. 2. Просмотрев все документы, директор передал их помощнику для того, чтобы отправить в архив. 3.Будучи учителем глухих, Александр Белл заинтересовался передачей звука.
4.Читая учебники, я обычно делаю заметки на полях. 5.На занятии мы
обсудим текст, прочитав его предварительно дома.
6.Отвечая на вопросы, он сделал несколько ошибок. 7.Ответив
на вопросы преподавателя, мы перешли к переводу нового текста. 8.Являясь хорошим проводником электричества, медь широко используется в промышленности. 9.Мы перешли улицу,
увидев зеленый свет. 10. Покупая газету по дороге на работу,
он потерял деньги. 11.Купив газету по дороге на работу, он узнал
новость о банкротстве его компании. 12.Хотя Циолковский и был
школьным учителем, его не оставляла мысль о полете человека
в космос. 13. Сдав все экзамены, студенты разошлись на каникулы. 14. Сдавая экзамены, студенты проводят много времени,
просматривая конспекты лекций. 15.Закупив учебники, библиотека начала выдавать их студентам. 16.Видеофон позволяет видеть лицо собеседника во время разговора. 17. Войдя в аудиторию, профессор сразу начал задавать студентам вопросы. 18.Он
перечитывал свою диссертацию, думая о предстоящей защите.
19.Хотя он и сидел в последнем ряду, он слышал лекцию довольно хорошо. 20.Сомневаясь, он подбирал слова, чтобы возразить
оппоненту.
EXERCISE 11. Rewrite every sentence in the following story in an al-
ternative way (an adverbial clause or Participle I). Complete the story
in your own words using Participial constructions.
Ann opened the drawing room door and came inside. But as she
didn’t recall the man’s face at once, she said nothing. Then opening
her mouth to ask the man what he wanted, Ann realized who he was.
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ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: NON-FINITE VERBS
She hadn’t recognized him earlier because she hadn’t seen him over
10 years. Ann’s brother, having grown a beard, looked different. She
threw her arms around his neck and hugged him tightly…
EXERCISE 12. Replace the attributive clauses with ParticipleII where
possible.
1. The digital technology invented last century has helped
to solve many problems. 2. Computers, which are used exten-
sively, are more efficient than human beings. 3. The book about
space exploration that was published in 1895 made Tsiolkovsky
known all over the world. 4.The British Museum, which was built
in the middle of the last century, is situated in central London. 5.He
referred to the new journal that was found in the library. 6.I have
fond memories about my hometown that is situated in the Far East.
7.Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout the world. 8.America which is covered by a huge ice cap contains
70 percent of fresh water sources. 9.The student, who was puzzled,
stared at the teacher, then looked the other way. 10. One of their
papers which were brought by the students was handed over to me.
11.We had a late dinner here, which was delivered from a service
restaurant. 12. My friend who was excited by the professor’s words
went out of the classroom. 13.He brought to the party an old friend
of his who was called Tom. 14.One day she found a letter on her
desk which was written in red ink. 15.Mary who was greatly aston-
ished to see him in class looked up.
EXERCISE 13.Translate the sentences into Russian using ParticipleII
as an attribute.
1.Рассказ, написанный неизвестным автором, получил приз
за лучший сюжет. 2.Это была любовь, смешанная с ненавистью.
3.Вам необходимо подготовить доклад
полностью на основе
опубликованной статьи. 4.Мы присутствовали на конференции, посвященной современным образовательным технологиям. 5.Актуальные проблемы, затронутые в презентации, вызвали много вопросов в зале. 6. Учитель внимательно посмотрел
на его истрепанный учебник. 7.Все поступающие в универси-
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CHAPTER III. THE PARTICIPLE
тет кажутся испуганными и растерянными. 8.Большая только
что вымытая доска занимала всю стену позади учительского
стола. 9.Все заметили, что он покраснел и выглядел растерянным. 10.Он заговорил грубым голосом, в котором звучала неудовлетворенность. 11. Профессор оказался высоким человеком с темными волосами, поседевшими на висках. 12.У меня
есть друг, который был
отчислен из университета за неуспеваемость. 13.Один из моих двоюродных братьев по имени Джон
поступил в гуманитарный колледж. 14.На следующей неделе
мы поедем в Суздаль и остановимся по адресу, который нам
дал мой друг. 15.Когда я зашел в аудиторию, я обнаружил свои
потерянные учебники, аккуратно сложенные на cтоле преподавателя.
EXERCISE 14.Replace the adverbial clauses with ParticipleII.
1. Be sure to include in your presentation a statement
of the problem if it is solved. 2.After the design had been prepared,
it was presented by the team of experts. 3.When I was questioned,
I didn’t know what to answer. 4.Once they are certified, the engineers can find good jobs. 5. Design considerations of a bridge
will include strength, stiffness, stability when it is subjected
to loads. 6. When we are faced to unexpected events, we should
be decisive. 7.Ann showed remarkable self-control when she was
informed that she had failed the entrance exams. 8.When he was
asked, the student rose as if he had been stung. 9.Once the accused
was questioned closely, he said it was true that she hadn’t robbed
the bank. 10.When he was addressed, the professor answered tol-
erantly. 11.She didn’t go to university that morning because she
had been taken to hospital with high temperature. 12. When he
is excited, he says things which he shouldn’t say. 13.There is no
need to explain the rule now because it was presented at the previous lesson. 14.If such a question is asked once again, it may not be
discussed. 15.After the presentation is discussed at the meeting, it
will be sent to the CEO.
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ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: NON-FINITE VERBS
EXERCISE 15.Translate the sentences into Russian using ParticipleII
as an adverbial modifi er.
1.Когда его спросили, он смог дать подробный ответ. 2.Я смог
бы сделать гораздо больше, если бы мне дали подробную информацию по данному вопросу. 3.Когда к этому преподавателю обращаются, он всегда готов предоставить консультацию. 4.Построенная
в 1897 году, библиотека Джеферсона была самой большой в мире.
5.Если
сравнивать с сегодняшними телевизионными программа-
ми, первые черно-белые фильмы были гораздо хуже. 6.Хотя ее
и обнаружили, ошибка Ньютона не оказала влияния на его теорию.
7.При нагревании до 100 градусов вода превращается в пар. 8.Если
его спрашивали, он терпеливо повторял давно изученный материал. 9.Хотя статью и перевели, она показалась студентам слишком
трудной. 10.Ошибка стала очевидной, после того как ее обсудили
на занятии. 11.После прочтения все книги необходимо немедленно вернуть в библиотеку. 12.Статьи публикуются в лицензированных журналах после рецензирования. 13.Хотя на данную научную
работу есть ссылки, она не является общепризнанной в научном
сообществе. 14. При нагревании медный провод расширяется.
15.Опубликованный в 1687 году, закон Ньютона остается основой
для научных исследований.
EXERCISE 16.Combine two sentences using the Complex Object with
Participle I according to the model.
Model: I saw the man in the corridor. The man closed the door.
In the corridor I saw the man (be) closing the door.
1. I saw a stranger on the doorstep. He seemed to be closing the door.
2. She noticed a young boy. The boy gave her an attentive look.
3. The student is giving his answer at the exam. We can hear him.
4. A woman is coming towards us. Do you see her?
5. We could hear Mum’s voice. It was rising above the noise.
6. Ann is singing in the next room. You can hear it well.
7. The door was open and I could see two men. They fi xed the
radiator.
8. The children were sleeping when the mother came home. She
found them in their beds.
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CHAPTER III. THE PARTICIPLE
9. I watched many people in the street. They were marching with
fl ags and fl owers.
10. When Mary opened her eyes, she saw her husband. He stood by
her side.
EXERCISE 17.Use Participle I or the Infi nitive of the verbs in brackets
in the Complex Object after the verbs of perception.
1. Have you ever seen him (to work) in the laboratory? 2. We
watched the teacher (tocross) the classroom and (togo) out of the door.
3.Ilooked up and saw Ann (tolean) on the desk. 4.When you turn round
the corner, you’ll see the policeman (tostand) on the square. 5.If you
are on Red Square at noon, you’ll hear the Spasskaya Tower (tostrike)
twelve. 6.I never get tired at seeing water (torun). 7.As the children
watched the teacher (todisappear), they started jumping and shouting.
8.I could hear them (totalk) and (tolaugh) all the way down the stairs.
9.The professors found the student (tocheat) at the exam. 10.I saw
my friend (tocross) the yard and (toenter) the hall through the front
door. 11. I have never heard her (toanswer) in class. 12.She didn’t
notice her groupmates (to leave) the University. 13. I like to watch
trains (topass) by somewhere far. 14.If the teacher ever catches you
(to cheat) at the exam, he will get you out. 15. When I came home,
I found everybody already (togo) to bed.
EXERCISE 18. Translate the following sentences using the Complex
Object with Participle I or the Infi
nitive where possible.
1.Мы видели, как преподаватель заходил в аудиторию. 2.Он
почувствовал, что друзья осуждают его. 3. Студенты видели,
что преподаватель доволен их успехами. 4.Всем было слышно,
что за стеной кто-то громко обсуждает новости. 5. Может быть,
ты заметил, чтобы кто-то заходил в аудиторию? 6.Когда родители
пришли домой, они обнаружили, что дети уже спят. 7.Мы выглянули в окно и увидели, как люди бегут, чтобы укрыться от дождя.
8.Я спала и даже не слышала, как он вернулся домой. 9.На конференции мы обнаружили, что компьютер сломался и мы не можем сделать презентацию. 10.Я никогда раньше не слышал, чтобы
он спорил с преподавателем. 11.Я услышал, что кто-то зовет меня
85
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: NON-FINITE VERBS
по имени. 12.Лектор увидел, что студенты шумят и не слушают,
о чем он говорит. 13.Мы увидели, что он подходит к университету
и помахали ему. 14.Послушай, как красиво поют птицы в парке.
15.Я увидел, что все мои предположения были ошибочны.
EXERCISE 19. Combine two sentences using the Complex Object with
Participle II according to the model.
Model: Let’s start it. It’s high time to do it.
Let’s get it (be) started.
1. You should go to the hairdresser’s. You will cut you hair there.
2. Last summer the builders were here. They built a new terrace
for us.
3. You ought to understand this rule. It was explained to you
clearly.
4. I heard a woman’s voice behind me. She called my name.
5. We had a terrible storm yesterday. It destroyed many trees in
the park.
6. Ann is going to the garage. She wants to repair her car.
7. I was at home. I heard somebody slammed the door at midnight.
8. We want to redecorate our house. We will invite somebody to do it.
9. I watched a boy in the street. A car crashed into him at the
crossing.
10. I saw the old house in the street. The house was pulled down.
EXERCISE 20.Use the Complex Object with Participle II after a causa-
tive verb (have, get, make, want …).
A. Rewrite the sentences so as to refer to the action which is done for
the referent expressed by the subject.
1.The town hall has been just rebuilt by the Сouncil. 2.The mechan-
ic changed the oil in my car. 3.My jacket is being cleaned at a specialist
cleaner’s. 4.The hairdresser has cut my hair in a completely different
style. 5.A friend of mine, who is an electrician, is going to repair my
microwave tomorrow. 6.A famous decorator will repaint our house.
7.When are you taking your car to the garage? 8.I’m sure I need glasses.
I really must go to the optician to test my eyes. 9.I want them to take
the chairs out of the room. 10. How long ago did you ask specialists
86
CHAPTER III. THE PARTICIPLE
to renovate your house? 11.When does he want you to complete this
project? 12.By the time the parents come back home, they will ask
somebody to clean the fl at. 13.I’ll ask my friend to hang my portrait
above the piano. 14.At the moment my bike is being fi xed at the garage.
15.You are wearing a new coat today. Where is this coat made?
B. Make a list of 5 things somebody has done for you rather than you have
done for yourself.
EXERCISE 21.Use the Complex Subject with Participle I or Participle II.
A. Change the following sentences so as to use the Complex Subject with
Participle I or Participle II.
1.They saw the professor leaving hurriedly the classroom. 2. We
have never heard him say a rude word. 3.Yesterday they saw the student
take the books back to the library. 4.I heard him moving back and forth
in the next room. 5.At last she heard somebody call her name. 6.We
noticed him standing next to the timetable. 7. After the classes we
found him in the café having coffee. 8. She felt somebody touch her
hand. 9.They heard the man speaking on the phone. 10.Everybody saw
those students returning back to the University.
B. Translate the following sentences using the Complex Subject.
1.Видели, как он взял учебник и начал читать. 2. Слышали,
что учитель вскоре спустился на первый этаж. 3. Было слышно, как хлопнула
дверь. 4.Только что обнаружили, что он пропустил несколько занятий подряд. 5. Было слышно, как открылась
дверь и кто-то вошел в комнату. 6.Видели, как он перешел улицу и завернул за угол. 7.Было заметно, что дом заново выкрасили. 8. Распорядились, чтобы ему принесли обед в его комнату.
9.Слышали, что ее вызвали к доске. 10.Считается, что он сейчас
проходит практику за границей, но вчера его видели в городе.
EXERCISE 22. Read and translate the following sentences. Point out
the Absolute Participial Construction and comment on its function.
1. We completed the experiment, the results being successful.
2.He stood by the board; his fi ngers fi xed on the clock. 3.The students
having gone out, the professor started to check their papers. 4.Careful
planning is needed in this town, the residents generating a lot of waste.
87
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: NON-FINITE VERBS
5.I looked at the timetable, my astonishment rising. 6. The student
knowing Grammar well, the exam was soon over. 7.A deformation takes
place; an external force being applied. 8.He left the lecture, his thoughts
confused. 9.The house being dark, we could see nothing. 10.We went
for a walk, our son riding a bike. 11.President Jefferson having offered
to establish a library; the Foundation was laid. 12.With the fi rst steam
engine built in the 17
th
century, people started using them in produc-
tion. 13. The fi rst TV set having been shown in New York, the news
about it spread all over the world. 14.With his numerous experiments
being over, Newton fi nished his work very fast. 15.Many industries
make use of different machines, each machine being able to perform
a particular operation.
EXERCISE 23. Translate the following sentences using the Absolute
Participial Construction.
1. После того, как книга была переведена на иностранные
языки, многие смогли прочитать ее. 2. Они решили поехать отдохнуть в Крым, как только сдали все экзамены. 3.Мы решили
прогуляться в парке, поскольку погода была неожиданно теплой.
4.Он спокойно сидел в аудитории
с учебником в руках. 5.Студент
что-то уверенно писал на доске, повернувшись спиной к классу. 6. После того, как работы были завершены, инженер покинул строительную площадку. 7.Как только моя сестра вернулась
из командировки, я пошел навестить ее. 8.Поскольку ввели новый способ плавления, производительность труда резко выросла.
9.Когда один из студентов предложил уйти с лекции, все быстро
вышли из аудитории. 10.Когда урок закончился, учитель разрешил всем студентам покинуть класс. 11.Он медленно шел по коридору с опущенной головой. 12.Если вдруг прекратится дождь,
мы пойдем погулять по весенним улицам. 13.Он нетерпеливо
ждал друзей из театра, поскольку уже темнело. 14.Так как похолодало, она стояла, укутавшись в теплый платок. 15.Изобретатель
демонстрировал свой новый прибор, в это время рабочие внимательно наблюдали за ним.
88
CHAPTER IV. Revision of Verbals and Complexes
EXERCISE 1. We often use verbals in everyday conversations. Using
verbals, put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Note that sometimes a bare infi nitive will be required. Make up your own dialogues.
1. ‘I was lonely at fi rst,’ the old woman admitted, ‘but after a time I got
used to (live) alone and even got (like) it.’
2. I meant (buy) some fl owers but I didn’t see anyone (sell) them.
3. John: I want (catch) the 8 a.m. train tomorrow.
Ann: But that means (get) up at 6.00; and you’re not very good
at (get) up early, are you?
4. She accepted the cut in salary without complaint because she was
afraid (complain). She was afraid of (lose) her job.
5. She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers
(go) to school for the fi rst time and (be) frightened and (put) her fi nger
in her mouth. And she remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out.
6. Did you remember (lock) the fl at? – No, I didn’t. I’d better (go) back
and (do) it now.
7. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear
directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.
8. Jane: Let’s (go) for a swim.
Ann: I’m not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for
a walk instead?
9. After (spend) two days (argue) about where to go for their summer
holidays they decided (go) to Turkey.
10. He is talking about (give) up his job and (go) (live) in his native
village.
11. I was just about (leave) the offi ce when the phone rang. It was my
wife; she wanted me (call) at the butcher’s on my way home.
12. He said, ‘I’m terribly sorry to (keep) you (wait).’
I said, ‘It doesn’t matter at all,’ but he went on (apologize) for nearly
fi ve minutes!
13. The lecturer began by (tell) us where the island was, and went
on (talk) about its history.
14. My mother thinks I am not capable of (earn) my own living, but I
mean (show) her that she is wrong.
89
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАММАТИКА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА: НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: NON-FINITE VERBS
15. Tom: I can’t get my car (start) on cold mornings.
Jack: Have you tried (fi ll) the radiator with hot water? That
sometimes helps.
16. Did he manage (carry) the box upstairs? – No, he didn’t. He isn’t
strong enough (move) it, let alone (carry) it upstairs.
17. Peter: Wouldn’t it be better (ask) Tom (leave) his phone at home?
Jack: It would be no good (ask) Tom (do) that. It would be like (ask)
a woman (travel) without a handbag.
18. I’ve got the loaf; now I’m looking for a breadknife (cut) it with. –
I saw Paul (sharpen) a pencil with the breadknife a minute ago.
19. We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask)
someone the way.
20. Do you feel like (dine) out or would you rather (have) dinner at
home? – I’d like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinner in a restaurant.
21. Your hair needs (cut). You’d better (have) it done tomorrow unless
you’d like me (have) a go at it for you.
22. I tried (convince) him that I was perfectly capable of (manage)
on my own, but he insisted on (help) me.
23. Jack: I don’t mind (travel) by bus, but I hate (stand) in queues.
Tom: I don’t care for (queue) either; and you waste so much time
(wait) for buses. I think it’s better (go) by tube, or taxi.
24. He took to (follow) me about and (criticize) my work till I threatened
(hit) him.
25. I have (stay) here; I’m on duty. But you needn’t (wait); you’re free
(go) whenever you like.
26. There is no point in (arrive) half an hour early. We’d only have
(wait). – I don’t mind (wait). It’s better (be) too early than too
late.
27. We suggested (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious (camp)
out.
28. Paul: Would you like (come) to a lecture tonight?
Ann: No, thanks. I like (listen) to music but I don’t like (listen)
to people (talk) about it.
29. They let us park bikes here but they won’t allow us (park) cars.
30. They don’t allow (smoke) inside; they don’t want (risk) (set) it
on fi re, but you can (smoke) outside.
90
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