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Future Simple образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will для
всех лиц единственного и множественного числа. Shall возможно
использовать при образовании будущего времени для первого лица
единственного и множественного числа.
В вопросительном предложении вспомогательный глагол ставится
перед подлежащим; в отрицательном предложении после
вспомогательного глагола ставится отрицание not.
Формы глагола в Future Simple
+ ? -
I
You
He
She will V.
It
We
You
They
I
You
He
Will She V?
It
We
You
They
I
You
He
She will not V.
It
We
You
They
He will ask. Он спросит.
Will he ask? Спросит ли он?
He will not ask. Он не спросит.
Краткая форма: Will not= won’t
Упражнения
1. Прочтите данные предложения, переведите их. Задайте к ним
вопросы и ответьте на них (письменно).
1. My parents will work this Sunday. 2) Some children will stay in town in
summer. 3) The water in the river will be warm in July. 4) Mary and I will go to
the country next Sunday. 5) They will be glad to see me.
2. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. Will you go to the cinema this Sunday?
2. Will you go to a sports camp this summer?
3. Will your friend have an English lesson tomorrow?
4. Will your family have a holiday in summer?
5. Will you watch TV today?
3. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в форме Future Simple.
Переведите текст на русский язык.
Tomorrow I (not to go) to the University because it (to be) Sunday. My parents
(not to be) at home. They (to go) to their friends, the Browns, who got a new flat
last week. My father and mother (to go) to see it. I (to be) at home and (to stay)
42
with my friends. I (to invite) my group mates and we (to have) a good time. Sam
(to bring) some tapes and we (to listen) to music and (to dance). Who else (to
come)? I think, I (to call) Mary and John. They (to be happy) to pay me a visit
and to see Sam. I (to make) some tea but I (not to cook) dinner. In the evening we
(to have dinner) at a restaurant. It (not to cost) us much because it is cheap. I think
we (to order) some light wine and (to take) something very delicious. It (to be)
very exciting to spend time with my friends!
4. Дополните предложения, выражая будущее действие в придаточных
предложениях времени и условия.
А. 1) I’ll go home when our lessons (to be over). 2) I’ll ask him about it when I (to
see him). 3) I’ll go to the library if I (to have) time. 4) We’ll take a walk when we
(to finish) our work. 5) I’ll go mushrooming tomorrow if the weather (to be) fine.
В. 1) When he (to come), we (to go) to the cinema. 2) If she (to be) at home she
(to help) me. 3) She (to return) the book to you when she (to read) it. 4) If he (not
to come) we (to start) without him. 5) If she (not to be) well, we (not to go
swimming).
5. Переведите на английский язык предложения:
1. Завтра мы поедем туда на автобусе. 2) Вечером мы пойдем в кино. 3) Ты
пойдешь в институт завтра. 4) Ты поможешь мне завтра? 5) Летом она
поедет в деревню. 6) Почему он не приедет? 7) Я буду рада вас видеть.
Времена группы Continuous (Progressive)
В данную группу входят три времени, а именно: Present Continuous
(настоящее длительное), Past Continuous (прошедшее длительное), and
Future Continuous (будущее длительное).
Все времена группы Continuous образуются следующим образом: to be
+ Ving. Например:
I am speaking. Я говорю.
I was speaking. Я говорил.
I will (shall) be speaking. Я буду говорить.
Все времена этой группы могут употребляться для выражения
конкретного действия, длящегося в определенный момент или период.
Present Continuous употребляется для выражения конкретного
действия, длящегося в настоящий момент или период. В предложении могут
встречаться слова, указывающие на время (at the moment, now). Необходимо
помнить о том, что данное время не употребляется с глаголами состояния,
ментальной деятельности (to feel, to be, to live, to stay, to hear, to see, to know,
to remember, to think, to want, to love, to like, etc.). Иногда глаголы состояния
могут все же употребляться в настоящем длительном времени для того,
чтобы подчеркнуть, что это состояние временное.
Вспомогательные глаголы в разговорной речи обычно употребляются в
сокращенной форме is not = isn’t; are not = aren’t.
43
Формы глагола в Present Continuous.
+ ? -
I am Ving.
He (she, it) is Ving
We (you, they) are Ving
Am I Ving?
Is he (she, it) Ving?
Are we (you, they)
Ving?
I am not Ving.
He (she, it) is not
Ving.
We (you, they) are
not Ving.
He is reading a book now. Он читает книгу сейчас.
Is he reading a book now? Читает ли он сейчас книгу?
He is not reading a book now. Он не читает книгу сейчас.
Past Continuous обычно употребляется для выражения конкретного
действия, длившегося в точно указанный момент или период в прошлом.
When I entered the room he was reading a book. Когда я вошла в комнату, он
читал книгу.
Глаголы состояния употребляются в прошедшем длительном времени
только тогда, когда подчеркивается, что это состояние – временное.
Формы глагола в Past Continuous.
+ ? -
I was Ving.
He (she, it) was Ving
We (you, they) were Ving
Was I Ving?
Was he (she, it) Ving?
Were we (you, they)
Ving?
I was not Ving.
He (she, it) was not
Ving.
We (you, they) were
not Ving.
В разговорной речи вместо полных форм обычно используются
сокращенные: wasn’t, weren’t.
He was speaking. Он говорил.
Was he speaking? Говорил ли он?
He was not speaking. Он не говорил.
Future Continuous употребляется для выражения конкретного
действия, которое, как мы ожидаем, будет длиться в точно указанный
момент или период в будущем. Иногда это время может употребляться для
выражения действия, которое предполагается, планируется или ожидается в
будущем.
He will be reading an English book when I return home. Он будет читать книгу
на английском языке, когда я вернусь домой.
Формы глагола в Future Continuous.
+ ? -
I (you, he, she, it, we,
they) will be Ving.
Will (I, you, he, she. It,
we, they) be Ving?
I (you, he, she, it, we,
they) will not be Ving.
44
Краткая форма: Will not = won’t
He will be speaking. Он будет говорить.
Will he be speaking? Будет ли он говорить?
He will not be speaking. Он не будет говорить.
Упражнения.
1. Задайте вопрос к предложению и ответьте на него отрицательно.
А. 1) I am doing my homework. 2) We are sitting on the bench. 3) You are going
home. 4) Vera is putting on her dress. 5) The bus is turning to the left. 6) It is
raining now. 7) Our family is having dinner. 8) The boy is reading a magazine.
В. 1) We were walking home when the rain began. 2) She was looking for her bag
at that time. 3) They were still talking when the bell rang. 4) She was still working
when the clock showed 9 p.m.
С. 1) It will be raining in a minute. 2) We will be having breakfast in half an hour.
3) The teacher will be telling us a new story. 4) The children will be playing in
the yard after school. 5) She will be reading an English book in the evening.
2. Выберите из скобок нужную форму. Объясните сделанный выбор
(Present Simple/ Present Continuous).
1) It is 5 o’clock. The family (has / is having) tea. 2) Every day the family (has /
is having) tea at five o’clock. 3) In the morning mother (cooks / is cooking)
breakfast for us. 4) It is 8 o’clock. Mother (is cooking / cooks) breakfast. 5) We
often (watch / are watching) TV. 6) Now we (sit / are sitting) in armchairs and
(watch / are watching) TV. 7) It often (rains / is raining) in September. 8) It (rains
/ is raining) now.
3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и в нужной форме.
1) He often (go) to the cinema. 2) They (watch) TV at the moment. 3) John is
outside. He (wash) the car. 4) Nina usually (drive) to work. 5) Father (lie) on the
sofa now. 6) Natasha (not / like) pizza. 7) My friend (live) in Great Britain. 8) In
summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 9) Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse. 10) She
(help) me with the report now. 11) The men (sit) at their desk now. 12) Mr. Adams
(dictate) letters right now.
4. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках в Present Continuous.
Please, turn down the tape recorder. John (sleep).
Why (you / look) at him like that?
It (get) dark.
At our home reading classes we (read) a very interesting book.
Let’s go out. It (not / rain) any more.
Listen! Do you hear those people next door? They (sing) a new song.
Tom (learn) English at the moment.
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5. Найдите предложения, в которых сказуемое выражено глаголом в
Past Continuous.
1) He is going to visit his uncle tomorrow. 2) We were very tired last night. 3)
She is having a party this evening. 4) Mrs. Frost was cleaning the room when Mr.
Frost came. 5) They were going to meet Paul at the station. 6) Chris is not happy
today. 7) She was eating when Tony arrived. 8) Pete was watching TV when his
mother was cooking dinner. 9) The children were playing in the yard all day long.
6. Выберите из скобок нужную форму глагола (Past Simple / Past
Continuous).
1) I (met / was meeting) a friend while I (did / was doing) the shopping.2) I (paid
/ was paying) for my things when I (heard / was hearing) someone call my name.3)
Paula (wore / was wearing) bright red coat. 4) We (decided / were deciding) to
have a cup of tea. 5) While we (had / were having) a drink, a waiter (dropped /
was dropping) pile of plates. 6) We all (got / were getting) a terrible shock. 7)
While the waiter (picked / was picking) up the broken plates, he (cut / was cutting)
his finger. 8) We (left / were leaving) the cafe and (said / were saying) goodbye.
9) I (finished / was finishing) my shopping and (went / was going home).
7. Задайте по 5 вопросов к данным предложениям (общий, вопрос к
подлежащему, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный).
1) Mary is writing a letter to her mother now.
2) We are translating the text now.
3) The girl was walking near the house when she found a puppy.
4) Nick was swimming when he saw a boat.
5) Mike will be taking his exam at 12 o’clock tomorrow.
6) They will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
Времена группы Perfect
Группа перфектных форм имеет три времени: настоящее (Present
Perfect), прошедшее (Past Perfect), будущее (Future Perfect). Все
перфектные времена образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to
have (в соответствующем времени) и третьей основной формы смыслового
глагола.
Все времена группы Perfect употребляются для выражения действия,
предшествующего другому действию или какому-либо моменту времени.
Present Perfect употребляется для выражения действия,
происходившего до настоящего момента и уже завершенного или
прекратившегося к этому моменту (время не упоминается, важно только то,
что это действие каким-то образом связано с настоящей ситуацией). Связь
действия, обозначаемого Present Perfect, с настоящим иногда выражается
указанием на период времени в настоящем, который еще не закончен: today
(сегодня), this week (на этой неделе), this month (в этом месяце) и др.
I have read this book by now. I can give it to you, if you like. Я (уже) прочла эту
книгу. Я могу дать ее тебе, если хочешь.
46
Или эта связь может проявляться в виде результата: I have already translated
this article. Я уже перевел эту статью (результат- я могу ее показать).
Данное время может также употребляться для выражения действия или
состояния, начавшегося в прошлом и продолжающегося в момент речи (в
таких предложениях обычно указывается, когда началось это действие или
состояние (since we were children) или сколько времени оно продолжалось
(for a few days): We have known each other since we were children. Мы знаем
друг друга с детства.
Формы глагола в Present Perfect.
+ ? -
I (you) have V3.
Have I (you) V3?
I (you) have not V3.
He (she, it) has V3.
Has he (she, it) V3?
He (she, it) has not V3.
We (you, they) have V3.
Have we (you, they) V3?
We (you, they) have not
V3.
Краткие формы: have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t
He has asked. Он спросил. Он уже спросил.
Has he asked? Спросил ли он? Он уже спросил?
He has not asked. Он не спросил. Он еще неспросил.
Предложения с настоящим совершенным временем часто содержат
слова already (уже), never (никогда), ever (когда-либо), yet (еще не), just
(только что) и др.
Past Perfect - прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для
выражения действия, завершившегося до какого-либо момента или другого
действия в прошлом или в предложениях, в которых одно действие
завершилось до другого действия, длящегося в прошлом.
He had read the book and was watching TV when I came. Когда я пришел, он
уже прочитал книгу и смотрел телевизор.
Формы глагола в Past Perfect.
+ ? -
I (you) had V3.
Had I (you) V3?
I (you) had not V3.
He (she, it) had V3.
Had he (she, it) V3?
He (she, it) had not V3.
We (you, they) had V3.
Had we (you, they) V3?
We (you, they) had not V3.
Краткие формы: had not = hadn't
He had asked. Он спросил.
Had he asked? Спросил ли он?
He had not asked. Он не спросил.
Future Perfect (будущее совершенное время) употребляется для
выражения действия, которое будет происходить до определенного момента
или другого действия в будущем и завершится или прекратится до него.
47
Формула образования: will (shall) have V3.
He will have done his lessons by five o’clock (by the time I come, when I come).
Он сделает уроки до пяти часов завтра (к тому времени, как я приду).
Формы глагола в Future Perfect.
+ ? -
I (you) will have V3.
Will I (you) have V3?
I (you) will not have
V3.
He (she, it) will have
V3.
Will he (she, it) have
V3?
He (she, it) will not
have V3.
We (you, they) will
have V3.
Will we (you, they)
have V3?
We (you, they) will not
have V3.
He will have asked. Он спросит.
Will he have asked? Спросит ли он?
He will not have asked. Он не спросит.
Упражнения.
1. Прочтите данные предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Задайте письменно вопросы и дайте отрицательный ответ.
А. 1) Jack has washed the dog. 2) Father has already cleaned his car.
3) They have painted their old house. 4) Liz has brought some flowers. 5) My
sister has just cooked breakfast. 6) Mrs. Gracy has gone to London. 7) The street
has changed a lot. 8) The train has just arrived. 9) We have left our books at
school. 10) It has just started to rain.
В. 1) He had written a letter by 5 o’clock. 2) He had finished his work before you
came. 3) They had given us a good advice. 4) Mary had done breakfast.
С. 1) Pete will have completed his work by 4 o’clock tomorrow. 2) We will have
seen all the places of interest by the end of our holiday. 3) The guests will have
left before his parents come. 4) They will have bought the house by autumn.
2. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в Present Perfect.
1) John (write) his name. 2) I (draw) a picture. 3) The cat (drink) its milk. 4) You
(make) a mistake. 5) I just (tell) the answer. 6) John and Richard just (go away).
7) I never (be) to India. 8) The manager just (sign) the contract. 9) I’d like to read
another book; I (read) this one. 10) The girl wants to eat, she (not to eat) anything.
11) … you (hear) the news? Our team (win) the game! 12) Why is it so cold here?
Oh, somebody (open) the window!
3. Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в форме Past Simple и Present
Perfect.
1) He (forget) his Spanish since he (leave) Spain. 2) He can reach his work easily
now, as he (buy) a car. 3) Years ago we (be) poor, and (not know) how to live.
We (become) very rich now. 4) He is a man who (live) a great life. 5) Mary (lose)
her keys and cannot remember where she (see) them last. 6) What they (do) since
we last (see) them? 7) Bob (not play) much football since he (leave) university.
48
4. Заполните пропуски соответствующими наречиями и
словосочетаниями: ever, already, several years ago, yet, never, now, last year,
just.
1) Hurry up. The train has __ arrived. You may be late. 2) __ the child could not
walk, but __ nobody can even catch him. 3) She has __ been to England but she
speaks English quite well. 4) He hasn't finished reading the magazine __. 5) It
happened to me ___. 6) They have __ met him. 7) Have you __ heard this French
song?
5. Употребите Past Perfect, переведите данные предложения.
1) Our guests (meet) before so we didn’t need to introduce them to one another.
2) The old man (be) a great traveler in his youth and could tell a tale about many
strange places. 3) John had nothing to smoke because he (forget) to buy tobacco.
4) We couldn’t play football that Saturday as it (rain) all the previous week. 5)
They (not /eat) for twenty-four hours and were very hungry. 6) He lived quietly
on a little money he (save) before his retirement.
6. В каждом из данных предложений есть два глагола в скобках.
Поставьте один из них в Past Simple, а другой - в Past Perfect.
Example: He (die) after he (be) ill for a long time.
He died after he had been ill for a long time.
1. I (thank) her for everything she (do).
2. When I got to the office, I (realize) that I (forget) to lock the front door.
3. When they (finish) their work, they (go) home.
4. I (call) you at 8.00, but you just (go) out.
5. I took my family to Paris last year. I (be) there as a student, so I (know) my way
around.
6. When I (listen) to the news, I (go) to bed.
7. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Future Perfect.
1) Professor Benton (to finish) the operation by three o’clock. 2) The birds (to fly)
away before winter. 3) The secretary (to type) all the letters by the time the boss
comes. 4) By the end of the term we (to read) two English novels. 5) Come
tomorrow evening. By that time I (record) the music. 6) By the end of next week
Charles (to buy) a new house. 7) By the time the manager asks me I (to complete)
this translation.
8. Составьте (письменно) предложения в Future Perfect (начало
предложения дано):
1) By three o'clock tomorrow … 2) By the time he rings me up … 3) By the time
the programme starts … 4) When she arrives back home … 5) By the end of this
year ….
49
9. Задайте по 5 вопросов к каждому из данных предложений (общий
вопрос, специальный, вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный и
разделительный вопросы).
1) We have known each other since we were children.
2) He had read the book and was watching TV when I came.
3) I shall have written a composition when you come.
Времена группы Perfect Continuous (Progressive)
Перфектно-длительные времена могут употребляться для выражения
действия, которое началось и длилось раньше другого действия или
определенного момента времени.
Все времена группы Perfect Continuous образуются при помощи
вспомогательного глагола to be в форме одного из перфектных времен
(Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect) и четвертой основной формы
смыслового глагола.
Present Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения действия,
которое началось и протекало до момента речи, т.е.до настоящего времени
и продолжается в момент речи, т.е. в настоящее время. В этом случае в
предложении содержится указание на момент, когда началось действие,
например: since 3 o’clock (с трех часов), since morning (с утра), for two hours
(два часа), all day long (весь день).
He has been doing his lessons since 2 o’clock. Он делает уроки с двух часов.
Формы глагола в Present Perfect Continuous.
+ ? -
I (you) have been Ving.
Have I (you) been
Ving?
I (you) have not been
Ving.
He (she, it) has been Ving.
Has he (she, it) been
Ving?
He (she, it) has not
been Ving.
We (you, they) have been
Ving.
Have we (you, they)
been Ving?
We (you, they) have
not been Ving.
Past Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения действия,
которое началось до определенного момента (или другого действия) в
прошлом и продолжалось в этот момент (или одновременно с этим другим
действием). Такие предложения обычно содержат указания на время типа
for two hours (два часа), since 5 o’clock (с пяти часов), since I came (с тех пор,
как я пришел).
He said he had been working since 5 o’clock. Он сказал, что он работает с
пяти часов.
Также данное время может употребляться для выражения действия,
которое началось и длилось вплоть до другого действия в прошлом, но
одновременно с ним уже не происходило:
I took the book which he had been reading. Я взял книгу, которую он читал.
50
Формы глагола в Past Perfect Continuous.
+ ? -
I (you, he, she, it, we,
they) had been Ving.
Had I (you, he, she. it,
we, they) been Ving?
I (you, he, she, it, we,
they) had not been
Ving.
Future Perfect Continuous употребляется для выражения действия,
которое начнется в определенный момент раньше другого будущего
действия и будет продолжаться в момент его наступления:
He will have been reading a book for two hours when I come. Он будет читать
книгу два часа, когда (к тому времени как) я приду.
Формы глагола в Future Perfect Continuous.
+ ? -
I (you, he, she, it, we, they)
will have been Ving.
Will (I, you, he, she. it, we,
they) have been Ving?
I (you, he, she, it, we,
they) will not have been
Ving.
Future Perfect Continuous употребляется в английском языке крайне
редко (чаще эта форма заменяется формой Future Perfect).
Упражнения.
1. Прочтите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
Задайте общий вопрос и ответьте на него отрицательно (письменно).
А. 1) His son has been serving in the Army since last year. 2) It has been snowing
hard since morning. 3) Sam has been sleeping for 2 hours. 4) Mr. White has been
translating this book for two months.
В. 1) We had been singing for an hour when Mike came. 2) Pete and Mike had
been working hard when we came.
С. 1) We will have been studying English for two years by the end of June.
2) She will have been reading this book for 2 months by the end of January.
2. Дополните предложения, используя данные глаголы в Present Perfect
Continuous: live, play, study, wait, walk, watch, work.
1) We __ in the USA for nearly ten years now. 2) Why is he so late? They __ here
for hours. 3) I __ Spanish for two years, but I still don’t speak it very well. 4) The
boys must be tired. They __ football in the yard all afternoon.
5) It’s time to do your homework. You __ television all night. 6) Jack __ in his
father’s business since he left school. 7) We must be nearly there by now. We __
for over an hour.
3. Объедините мысль двух предложений в одну (с помощью for или
since).
Example: Ann is learning to play the piano. She began learning it 6 months ago.
- Ann has been learning to play the piano for 6 months.
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