Грамматика английского языка. Учебное пособие

101

3. Переведите, используя герундий:

1. Он никогда не соглашался отправиться в такое опасное путешествие.

2. Он не одобрял ее пристрастие к кофе. 3. Учитель математики не одобрял фантазии детей. 4. Все в моей жизни зависит от твоей любви ко мне. 5. Я не думаю, что его видел. 6. Я настаивал на том, чтобы мне рассказали правду.

7. Похоже, что дитя плакало. 8. Если вы не возражаете, то я открою окно.

9. Похоже, будет дождь. 10. Моему другу удалось перевести текст. 11. Я предлагаю прочитать этот текст. 12. Бедняки благодарили Робин Гуда за помощь. 13. Мы очень хотим видеть вас. 14. Она всегда жаловалась на недомогание. 15. Перед отправлением нужно присесть.

4. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите функцию герундия.

1. Reading books is useful.

2. I like reading

3. Carrying out experiments is a must with every scientist.

4. Would you mind showing one more slide?

5. The motor went on running.

6. We cannot help acknowledging the importance of this statement.

7. Avoid mixing these two substances.

8. This paper is worth reading.

9. He had to give up experimenting.

10. Let us try heating several metals.

11. Excuse my interrupting you.

12. He does not like being asked questions.

102

Приложение

Таблица неправильных глаголов. (Irregular verbs)

1 форма

2 форма

3 форма

4 форма

Перевод Инфинитив

Infinitive

Прошедшее время

Past Simple

Причастие II

Past Participle

Причастие I

Present Participle

to be

was / were

been

being

быть, находиться

to bear

bore

born

bearing

нести

to beat

beat

beaten

beating

бить

to begin

began

begun

beginning

начинать(ся)

to bend

bent

bending

гнуть

to bind

bound

binding

переплетать

to bite

bit

bitten / bit

biting

кусать

to blow

blew

blown

blowing

дуть

to break

broke

broken

breaking

ломать

to bring

brought

bringing

приносить

to build

built

building

строить

to burn

burnt

burning

гореть, жечь

to buy

bought

buying

покупать

to catch

caught

catching

ловить

to choose

chose

chosen

choosing

выбирать

to cut

cut

cutting

резать, рубить

to dive

dived / dove

dived

diving

нырять

to do

did

done

doing

делать

to draw

drew

drawn

drawing

рисовать, тащить

to drink

drank

drunk

drinking

пить

to drive

drove

driven

driving

везти

to eat

ate

eaten

eating

есть, кушать

to fall

fell

fallen

falling

падать

to feel

felt

feeling

чувствовать

to feed

fed

feeding

кормить

to fight

fought

fighting

бороться, драться

to find

found

finding

искать, находить

to fly

flew

flown

flying

летать

to forbid

forbade

forbidden

forbidding

запрещать

to forget

forgot

forgotten

forgetting

забывать

103

to forgive

forgave

forgiven

forgiving

прощать

to freeze

froze

frozen

freezing

замораживать

to get

got

getting

получать, становиться

to give

gave

given

giving

давать

to go

went

gone

going

идти, ехать

to grow

grew

grown

growing

расти, выращивать

to hang

hung

hanging

висеть, вешать

to have

had

having

иметь

to hear

heard

hearing

слышать

to hit

hit

hitting

ударять

to hold

held

holding

держать

to hurt

hurt

hurting

повредить

to know

knew

known

knowing

знать

to lay

laid

laying

накрывать

to lead

lead

leading

вести

to leap

leapt / leaped

leaping

прыгать, скакать

to leave

left

leaving

покидать, оставлять

to lend

lent

lending

давать взаймы

to let

let

letting

позволять

to lie

lay

lain

lying

лежать

to light

lit

lighting

зыжигать

to lose

lost

losing

терять

to make

made

making

делать

to meet

met

meeting

встречать(ся)

to pay

paid

paying

платить

to put

put

putting

класть, ставить

to read

read

reading

читать

to ride

rode

ridden

riding

ехать

to ring

rang

rung

ringing

звонить, звенеть

to rise

rose

risen

rising

поднимать

to run

ran

run

running

бежать

to say

said

saying

говорить, сказать

to see

saw

seen

seeing

видеть

to sell

sold

selling

продавать

104

to send

sent

sending

посылать, отправлять

to shake

shook

shaken

shaking

трясти(сь)

to shine

shone

shining

светить, сиять

to shoot

shot

shooting

стрелять, снимать

to show

showed

shown

showing

показывать

to sing

sang

sung

singing

петь

to sink

sank

sunk

sinking

тонуть

to sit

sat

sitting

сидеть

to sleep

slept

sleeping

спать

to speak

spoke

spoken

speaking

говорить

to spend

spent

spending

тратить, проводить время

to stand

stood

standing

стоять

to steal

stole

stolen

stealing

воровать, украсть

to stick

stuck

sticking

прилипать

to strike

struck

striking

бить, ударять

to swear

swore

sworn

swearing

клясться

to sweep

swept

sweeping

мести, подметать

to swim

swam

swum

swimming

плавать

to take

took

taken

taking

взять, брать

to teach

taught

teaching

учить, обучать

to tear

tore

torn

tearing

рвать

to tell

told

telling

сказать, сообщать

to think

thought

thinking

думать

to throw

threw

thrown

throwing

бросать, кидать

to wake

woke

woken

waking

будить, просыпаться

to wear

wore

worn

wearing

носить

to weep

wept

weeping

плакать

to win

won

winning

побеждать

to write

wrote

written

writing

писать

105

Проверочные тесты.

Тест № 1

1. She … the morning newspapers. a) looked at b) looked up c) looked through

2. You can go there by … taxi. a) a b) the c) –

3. She has … 7 mistakes in her dictation. a) done b) made c) written

4. Nick’s apartment is almost empty. He has very … furniture. a) much b) little c) many

5. Would you like … coffee? a) a b) the c) –

6. I know this man … . a) well enough b) good enough c) enough well

7. He never remembered … had happened to him. a) that b) what c) which

8. … nothing more I can tell you. a) There is b) There are c) It is

9. Today dishes, clothes, kerosene and other things are made … “black gold.” a) of b) out of c) with

10. My brother is …. Than my sister. a) taller b) highly c) higher

11. We’ll meet … two months. a) in b) since c) on

12. I’ll stay in France … two days. a) in b) for c) since

13. Go to the shop and buy … bread. a) some b) any c) a

14. I’ve just had … walk. a) five-minutes b) five-minute c) five minute’s

15. I … a terrible headache. a) have b) suffer c) make

16. We live …. the station. a) near b) near to c) far

17. Everybody has passed the exam … Jack. a) except b) beside c) besides

18. She is … to the professor about her test. a) telling b) speaking c) saying

19. … to drive the car. a) It was difficulty for him b) It was difficult for him c) It was difficulty

20. All the boys and girls were dressed … jeans. a) on b) in c) with

106

21. My elder brother plays … football very well. a) the b) a c) –

22. He hasn’t visited us … Sunday. a) on b) in c) since

23. We knew very … about them. a) few b) little c) a little

24. This is the house I was born … . a) at b) in c) by

25. Is there … snow in Italy in winter? a) many b) much c) few

Тест № 2

1. What do you usually have … breakfast. a) for b) during c) at the

2. The other day I saw a friend of … not far from here. a) me b) my c) mine

3. We haven’t discussed this question …. . a) still b) already c) yet

4. Ann is … than Mary. Ann is 18 and Mary is only 14. a) elder b) older c) younger

5. They haven’t returned from Africa … . a) already b) yet c) still

6. I haven’t bought … interesting books lately. a) some b) no c) any

7. Don’t be angry … him. He didn’t want to hurt you. a) at b) with c) by

8. He is not interested … anything except his work. a) by b) at c) in

9. Today dishes, clothes, kerosene and other things are made … “black gold.” a) of b) out of c) with

10. My brother is …. Than my sister. a) taller b) highly c) higher

11. We’ll meet … two months. a) in b) since c) on

12. I’ll stay in Paris … two days. a) in b) for c) since

13. Go to the shop and buy … bread. a) some b) any c) a

14. I’ve just had … walk. a) five-minutes b) five-minute c) five minute’s

15. I … a terrible headache. a) have b) suffer c) make

107

16. Tom is … the three. a) the most intelligent of b) most intelligent that c) more intelligent as

17. How do you get to school? It depends … weather. a) of b) in c) on

18. Football, chess and tennis are… . a) matches b) games c) plays

19. They are going to Italy … next summer. a) the b) a c) –

20. He … smoking two years ago. a) gave in b) finished c) gave up

21. How do I get … the Town Hall? a) to b) on c) in

22. Show me … you have written. a) which b) what c) who

23. What … wonderful weather! a) a b) the c) –

24. Will you … me some money? a) take b) lend c) borrow

25. She saw him … . a) the other day b) one of these days c) while a few days

Тест № 3

1. He was very proud ... being English. a) of b) - c) with

2. ... British are fond of sports.

a) The b) A c) -

3. Her house is on ... River Thames. a) a b) the c) -

4. What's the cheapest way ... getting from London to Paris? a) on b) of c) to

5. He ... all the documents. a) look at b) looked down c) looked through

6. My friend Cyril can ... tasty cakes. a) do b) make c) produce

7. My aunt lived on ... ground floor. a) a b) the c) -

8. Who ... you to play the guitar, Fred? a) taught b) studied c) learnt

9. What are you …? I am … my book. a) looking about b) looking for c) looking forward

10. Everybody … sports nowadays. a) goes to b) goes for c) goes in for

108

11. He … remembers what happened last year. a) yet b) still c) already

12. Cook it … boiling salted water. a)in b) into c) to

13. I don’t like tea. Can I have …? a) something more b) something other c) something else

14. Do you know how … it is from London to Yerevan? a) long b) far c) near

15. I haven’t smoked … ages. a) for b) since c) at

16. Kate is … the three. a) the most intelligent of b) most intelligent that c) more intelligent as

17. How do you get to school? It depends … weather. a) of b) in c) on

18. Football, chess and tennis are… . a) matches b) games c) plays

19. They are going to Italy … next summer. a) the b) a c) –

20. He … smoking two years ago. a) gave in b) finished c) gave up

21. How do I get … the Town Hall? a) to b) on c) in

22. Show me … you have written. a) which b) what c) who

23. What … wonderful weather! a) a b) the c) –

24. Will you … me some money? a) take b) lend c) borrow

25. She saw him … . a) the other day b) one of these days c) while a few days

Тест № 4

1. Jan __ in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. a) lived b) has lived c) has been living

2. We are late. The film ____ by the time we gel to the cinema. a) will already start b) will be already started c) will have already started

3. Neither of them complained, _______? a) did they b) didn't they c) do they

4. Two hours have passed since they_______writing. a) have started b) started c) had started

5. As soon as the sun______we returned to our hotel. a) sets b) will set c) set

109

6. I __ a bath before dinner. a) have taken b) took c) am taken

7. The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous because he______before. a) hasn't flown b) didn't fly c) hadn’t flown

8. Hello, Jim. I didn't expect to see you today. Sonia said you ___ill. a) are b) were c) was

9. The more electricity you use, the higher your charge ____. a) was b) would be c) will be

10. I_____her for such a long time; I've forgotten what she looks like. a) hadn't seen b) have seen c) haven't seen

11. Jane doesn't enjoy her job. She is bored because she_____the same thing every day. a) was doing b) does c) is being done

12. I ____________ hard to find a job but had no luck. a) tried b) try c) am trying

13. You should call the police________stolen. a) in case your car will be b) if your car will be c) if your car is

14. Angela has been married for a long time. She ______ when she was 23 years old. a) has got married b) is getting married c) got married

15. Fred is away at the moment. I'm sure he_____back by Monday. a) will lie b) is being c) is

16. They me a form and told me to fill it in, a) have given b) gave c) had given

17. When we were on holiday, we __ a lot of money. a) spend b) spent c) had spent

18. I'm going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of mine_______. a) gets married b) is getting married c) was getting married.

19. Angela _____ married for a long time. She got married when she was too young. a) is b) has been c) will have been

20. How ___? Nobody knows. a) was the accident happened b) did the accident happen c) had the accident happened

21. Ann didn't see me waving to her. She __________in the other direction. a) was looking b)is looking c) looked

22. Suddenly I woke up; I_____and didn't know where I was. a) confused b) had been confused c) was confused

23. Ann __ for me when I arrived. a) waited b) was waiting c) is waiting

24. He used to reed she papers at breakfast. a) a b) the c) -

110

25. This is a nice restaurant, isn't it? Is this the first time _____ here? a) you are b) you have been c) you were

Тест № 5

1. When Sue heard the news, she __ very pleased. a) hasn't been b) hadn't been c) wasn't

2. The TV-set_______. It is working again now. a) had been repaired b) was repairer c) repaired

3. I’ll try to be in time, but don't worry if ____ late. a) I'll be b) I am c) I can be

4. Where will he work after he ____ the University ? a) graduated from b) will graduate from c) graduates from

5. I_______you at John's party last week. a) had seen b) have seen c) saw

6. I feel a bit hungry. I think I _ something to eat. a) shall have b) am having c) have

7. You ___ the contract. It can't be changed now. a) sign b) have signed c) are signing

8. I'm surprised nobody told you that the road ____ very dangerous. a) is b) was c) will be

9. If the weather __, we shall go to Hyde Park. a) won't change b) doesn't change c) hasn't changed

10. Ann _______ for her friend since 3 o'clock, but she hasn't come yet. a) has been waiting b) is waiting c) waited

11. Who_______ in the next room now? a) sang b) is singing c) has sung

12. Do you hear anything? – Y es, somebody _______ at the door. a) knocks b) is knocking c) knocked

13. Mary didn't know that George___ from London a week later. a) will return b) has returned c) would return

14. Near the door he saw the man he_______at the station. a) noticed b) had noticed c) notices

15. Greg_______a football match, when a friend of his called him on the telephone. a) watches b) has watched c) was watching

16. The weather was much worse than I______. a) have expected b) expect c) had expected

17. Where______from? I'm American. a) are you coming b) do you come c) have you come,

18. Your son is much taller than when I last saw him. He________a lot. a) grew b) was growing c) has grown

19. I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if I_______in time. a) won't be b) am not c) am