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Файл:Английский язык. Практика перевода (английский–русский). Часть 1. «Лексические приемы перевода». Учебное пособие
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Она может выражать:
1) подтверждение − «в самом деле», «действительно»: I was indeed
very glad to hear the news. − Я действительно была рада услышать эти
новости.
2) может служить цели усиления и в этом случае соответствует
русским эквивалентам «безусловно», «конечно»: Не was very angry
indeed – Он конечно очень рассердился / Он очень, очень рассердился.
3) indeed может соответствовать русской частице «даже», как
например: I think so, indeed I am sure of it. – Я так думаю, я даже уверен
в этом.
4) в диалогической речи indeed может выступать как комментарий,
выражающий интерес, удивление, иронию и т. п.: «да ну?», «вот как?»,
«да что вы!», «в самом деле?».
Конкретная речевая ситуация побуждает переводчика искать разнообразные способы передачи этих эмоциональных оттенков.
Проанализируйте перевод следующих предложений:
1. – Mrs Pearce: ... She’s quite a common girl, sir. Very common
indeed.
– Миссис Пирс: ... .Она из простых, сэр. Из совсем простых.
Liiza: Mr Higgins told me I might come.
Mrs Higgins: Quite right: I’m very glad indeed to see you.
Элиза: Здравствуйте, миссис Хиггинс! Мистер Хиггинс сказал,
что я могу навестить вас.
Миссис Хиггинс: Конечно, конечно! Я очень рада вас видеть.
2. Higgins (wounded in his tenderest point by her insensibility to his
elocution): Oh indeed! I’m mad, am I?
Хиггинс (глубоко уязвленный ее нечувствительностью к его
красноречию): Ах, вот как! По-вашему, я сумасшедший?
3. Higgins: Don’t you dare try this game on me. .. .Get up and come
home; and don’t be a fool.
Mrs Higgins: Very nicely put indeed, Henry. No woman could resist
such an invitation.
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Хиггинс: Вы бросьте со мной ломать комедию. ...Вставайте,
идем домой, и не будьте дурой.
Миссис Хиггинс: Прелестно, Генри! Право, прелестно! Какая
женщина может устоять против такого приглашения?
5. Существительное experience, как и некоторые другие абстракт-
ные существительные английского языка, может создавать трудности
для перевода в тех случаях, когда оно употреблено в более конкретном
значении. Неисчисляемое существительное, означающее «(жизненный)
опыт» или, более узко, «опыт работы», может становиться
исчисляемым: оно приобретает форму множественного числа и
употребляется с неопределенным артиклем. Этому более конкретному
значению слова в таких сочетаниях, как an unpleasant/strange/interesting
experience, соответствуют русские эквиваленты «случай»,
«приключение», а в сочетаниях, например, alarming experience или
childhood experience это слово соответствует русским «впечатление»,
«переживание». Тем не менее, контекстуальные соответствия не ис-
черпываются вышеприведенными словарными соответствиями, и
перевод существительного experience нередко требует творческого
поиска, не всегда успешного, что подтверждает нижеприведенный
пример:
His head seemed to him to be in Chancery for anyone to punch, most
galling of experiences to anyone of high spirit.
а) Ему казалось, что голова его, как у боксера, зажата рукой
противника и каждый может по ней щелкнуть, – самое
отвратительное ощущение для самолюбивого человека.
б) Голова его, казалось (Хьюберту), зажата как в тисках и
каждый, кому не лень, может нанести ему удар, – мысль невыносимая для человека с его характером.
6. Абстрактное существительное occasion относится к числу
широкозначных. Его словарные соответствия в русском языке
немногочисленны: 1) случай; 2) (важное) событие; 3) возможность,
(благоприятный) случай; 4) основание при чина, повод,
обстоятельство.
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Вместе с тем, контекстуальные соответствия occasion в русских
переводах весьма разнообразны:
I have met him on several occasions. − Я несколько раз встречал его.
We hardly ever spoke to each other except on occasions. – Мы почти
не разговаривали друг с другом, за исключением редких случаев.
I met him on the occasion of my sister’s marriage. − Я познакомился
с ним на свадьбе моей сестры.
This is quite an occasion. − Это целое событие; this festive occasion
− этот праздник.
I haven’t had the occasion to attend to it. − У меня не было случая
этим заняться.
I’ll do it on the first possible occasion. −Я сделаю это при первой же
возможности.
You have no occasion to be angry. − У вас нет оснований сердиться.
It’s not the occasion for laughter. − Здесь нечему смеяться.
Проанализируйте перевод следующих предложений
1. Smither coloured up above her corsets.
“It will be an occasion!” she said. “Shall I take you round the house,
sir...?”
Смизер зарделась от планшетки корсета до корней волос.
− Вот будет событие! − сказала она. − Если угодно, я провожу
вас по дому...
2. Mrs Higgins: Henry, you are the life and soul of the Royal Society’s
soirees, but really you’re rather trying on more commonplace
occasions.
Миссис Хиггинс: Генри! Ты, вероятно, неотразим на заседаниях
Королевского общества, но, право же, в более скромных
собраниях с тобой очень трудно.
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7. Союз while многозначен и употребляется для передачи различных
отношений между частями сложного предложения: временных,
противительных и уступительных, а также вводит предложение,
указывающее на дополнительное свойство, действие и т. п.
While вводит придаточные предложения времени, выражающие:
1. действие, процесс, во время совершения которого что-либо
происходит «пока», «в то время как»; «когда».
2. протекание действия одновременно с каким-либо другим
действием «пока», «когда»: I arrived while the meeting was in progress – я
приехал, когда (в то время как) шло заседание; I stayed while the meeting
lasted – я оставался (там), пока шло заседание.
While вводит предложения, выражающие противопоставление – «в
то же время», «тогда как», «а»: Elizabeth was lively and talkative, while
her sister was quiet and reserved. − Элизабет была живой и разговорчивой,
тогда как ее сестра была спокойной и сдержанной.
While также вводит предложения с уступительным значением
«хотя», «несмотря на то, что»: while I admit that the problems are difficult,
I don’t agree that they cannot be solved − хотя я признаю, что это трудные
проблемы, я не согласен с тем, что их невозможно решить.
Проанализируйте перевод следующих предложений:
1. “You haven’t come back to a very cheery England, darling.” “I gather
we fell off the gold standard or something while I was in the Red
Sea. What is the gold standard?”
а) − В Англии сейчас живется не слишком весело, моя дорогая...
− Пока мы плыли на пароходе, у нас, говорят, был отменен
золотой стандарт или что-то в этом роде. А что это такое −
золотой стандарт?
б) Кажется, как раз когда я плыла Красным морем, мы отказались
от золотого стандарта или от чего-то еще. А что такое золотой
стандарт?
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2. “Shall I take you round the house, sir, while I send Cook to break it to
him?”
“No, you go to him,” said Soames. “I can go round the house by
myself.”
Если угодно, я провожу вас по дому, а кухарку пошлю тем
временем доложить о вас мистеру Тимоти. Нет, вы ступайте к
нему, − ответил Сомс. − Я сам осмотрю дом.
Задания для самостоятельной работы
I. Use various more specific words to translate the verb say.
1. “I suppose she knows something of what it’s all about, does she?”
“Apparently not,” said Mr Broadribb.
“I wish we did,” said Mr Schuster. “He was an odd cuss.”
“A difficult man,” said Mr Broadribb”.
“I haven’t got the least idea,” said Mr Schuster, “have you?” “No, I
haven’t,” said Mr Broadribb. He added, “He didn’t want me to have,
I suppose.” (Christie)
2. It was remarkable how quickly the family had reconstituted itself in the
face of a threat to property.
“I do agree with Isabel that she has a will of her own,” I said. “But
she’ll do nothing inconsiderate. I do think it possible she’ll insist on
ignoring the will.” “After all, it is a bit odd,” said Otto.
“I see nothing odd about it,” said Isabel. “I don’t mean she’ll turn us
out of the house immediately. Oh no, she’ll be very reasonable and
kind, but she’ll treat us as strangers. She hasn’t any family sentiment
about us.”
“She must have,” I said. “She practically brought us up, Otto and me.”
(Murdoch)
3. Prince Charles yesterday accused “shadowy education experts” of
betraying generations of British youngsters. In an impassioned attack,
he said they were robbing children of their rich cultural heritage,
particularly Shakespeare.
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4. In Belfast, the Prime Minister said huge progress had been made
towards turning a cease fire into a permanent peace. He said much
more progress could be made next year.
II. Translate into Russian using different equivalents for fail.
1. Each time I saw him, he never failed to inquire about the progress of
our research. The authors he wrote to, flattered by his praise, answered
at length. ...They could not fail to be charmed by his frankness and
warmed by his enthusiasm. (Maugham)
2. Miss Marple stood looking out of a window. Behind her, on the bed,
was her suitcase. She looked out over the garden with unseeing eyes.
It was not often that she failed to see a garden she was looking at, in
either a mood of admiration or a mood of criticism. (Christie)
3. Miss Gannet’s Mah Jong was of the poorest variety possible, as
Caroline did not fail to point out to her. (Christie)
4. As the story unfolded itself, I realized more and more what a damning
series of facts it was. Alive, Ackroyd could hardly have failed to alter
his will – I knew him well enough to realize that to do so would be his
first thought. (Christie)
5. The ten cents carried Martin across the ferry to San Francisco, and as
he walked up Market Street he speculated upon his predicament in
case he failed to collect the money. There would then be no way for
him to return to Oakland... (London)
Ш. Translate into Russian noting the variety of equivalents for suggest.
1. Lime had suggested that Martins should write something about Vienna
and had promised to pay his expenses. (Greene)
2. “But we’ve looked in all the secret drawers. We had a cabinetmaker
over to examine the furniture.”
“Did you, dear? That was clever of you. I should suggest your uncle’s
own desk would be the most likely. Was it the tall escritoire against
the wall there?” (Christie)
3. Father Brown was wandering through a picture gallery, with an
expression that suggested that he had not come there to look at the
pictures. (Chesterton)
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4. The artist, painter, poet, or musician, by his decoration, sublime or
beautiful, satisfies the aesthetic sense;... To pursue his secret has
something of the fascination of a detective story... The most
insignificant of Strickland’s works suggests a personality which is
strange, tormented, and complex... (Maugham)
5. I am not suggesting, however, that we dispense altogether with written
translation. It must be done, and needs to be corrected. (Duff)
IV. Translate into Russian using different equivalents for find.
1. The maddening thing about The Times was that you couldn’t find
anything any more. (Christie)
2. ... I walked down the alleyway of trees ... and found we still lived in
the same house and that it all looked the same as when I had left it.
(Hemingway)
3. Economize as he would, the earnings from hack-work did not balance
expenses. Thanksgiving found him with his black suit in pawn and
unable to accept the Morses’ invitation to dinner. (London)
4. The reversal of fortune was in fact so complete that Clara sometimes
found herself wondering whether she had not gone so far as
deliberately to seek a world in which her name could be a credit and
not a shame. (Spark)
5. There was a very faint hint of light in the room, the first light of
morning. ...As the room made itself known to me through the faintly
grey darkness and I recalled where I was and why I felt disgust, almost
horror, at finding myself still in that house. (Murdoch)
V. Translate into Russian using suitable equivalents for failure.
1. Cuno hated failure, hated even more to be known to fail. (Murdoch)
2. It was she who had pushed him into Parliament, and until he was
hoofed there from as a failure, their path was surely conjoined along
the crest of a large view. (Galsworthy)
3. As it was, he impressed himself professionally on Europe to an extent
that made his comparative personal obscurity, and the failure of
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Oxford to do justice to his eminence, a puzzle to foreign specialists in
his subject. (Shaw)
4. Mitchell was there (at school) until nearly half past five. Nobody came
for him, his parents evidently did not worry if he failed to come home
for tea.
5. An event soon occurred which took a profound hold on the public
mind. Sir John Willard died quite suddenly of heart failure. (Christie)
6. The power of the book (“Oliver Twist”) proceeds from the wonderful
description of the underworld and the engagement of our sympathy on
behalf of the inhabitants of that world. Its weakness lies in Dickens’s
failure to develop and carry through the pattern so powerfully
presented in the first quarter of the novel. (Maugham)
VI. Translate into Russian using a variety of ways to render thing.
1. The thing is that he will run away – but he won’t do so without seeing
me first. That is a structure which must be allowed to develop.
(Murdoch)
2. I couldn’t conceal things from you when you were a child, I can
remember your little white face, judging me. You’ve just held onto
your childish picture of things you can’t understand. (Murdoch)
3. All because you’ve realized you’ll never be a great thinker, I suppose
hurt vanity makes people do daft things. (Murdoch)
4. Stewart smiled, then laughed. “One has to take some risks,” he said.
“That’s the only human thing you’ve said!” (Murdoch)
5. Damp smells of spring, of wet earth and green things growing, which
would have made him happy once, came through the window which
he closed with a bang. (Murdoch)
VII. Translate into Russian paying special attention to the Russian
equivalents of experience.
1. Our first garden was quite literally a postage stamp garden. ...Not a big
project, but we almost never weeded it, and we had enough produce
for some enjoyable summer meals. ... As we have gained experience,
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we have expanded to suit what we know we can handle. (EamesSheavly)
2. Levkin opened the door and Otto fell in. He smelt like an old barparlour of stale drink and tobacco. I did not care to go on seeing my
brother in this condition and it seemed kinder to him too to curtail the
experience. “Take him away.” (Murdoch)
3. If gardening is so terrific, why does the experience turn sour for some
families? In most cases, it is because the parents, not the children,
have expectations that far exceed what is practical or enjoyable.
(Eames-Sheavly)
4. I now do three or four hours of aerobics each week, and I swim at the
RAC club two or three evenings a week, too. I certainly feel better. I
thought I was fit before, but this is quite a different experience [RAC
– Royal Automobile Club].
5. The next night, and nearly every night after that, the nightingale was
there again. Beatrice Harrison could hardly believe what was
happening: she was playing duets with a wild bird! It was an
astonishing experience and she wished that she could share her
pleasure with other people. (Alexander)
VIII. Translate into Russian using a variety of equivalents for:
a) occasion
1. I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin. He took me aside and began to
talk to me about his boyhood in London when he used to see Tree’s
productions from the gallery at His Majesty’s. For some reason we
talked about Duse. Chaplin described an occasion in which he saw
her act. (Gielgud)
2. Then the sailor, perhaps to distract attention from this unsoldierly
weakness, pulls out a copy of The Westminster Gazette, on which he
spent a penny, thinking that it is right, on a great political occasion, to
buy something that he vaguely understands to be a great political
paper. (Shaw)
3. They are determined to be in the highest spirits; and the ribbons in the
hat of one of them proclaim a joyful occasion. (Shaw)
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4. Because of the importance of the occasion the school had taken over a
small stadium next to their grounds, and when the Browns left the
house a sizeable crowd was already beginning to make its way there.
(Bond)
5. They waded in with bare feet among the rocks although the river was
inhabited by a fish with prickly spine, as poisonous as the notorious
stone fish. One of the boys ha been struck by this fish on the earlier
occasion. (Barton)
b) occasional
1. It is salutary, therefore, if an occasional warning is uttered on the
subject. (Parkinson)
2. An occasional reader may feel that more detailed description should
have been given of the experiments and calculations upon which
these theories rest. (Parkinson)
3. I was surprised. The old man was, as he had said to me, “generally
here”, ensconced in one comer or other of the place. But perhaps he
felt the need for an occasional change of scene, and I thought no
more about the matter... (Hill)
4. SWITZERLAND IS GOOD FOR YOU. ...In Switzerland you’ll find
that health isn’t something abandoned by youth and searched for in
vain by the elderly. You’re just as likely to meet a grandfather as his
grandson on an Alpine peak. And to find health spas populated by
eminently healthy people who need an occasional restorative week or
two.
IX. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Russian equivalents of for.
1. And yet, for reasons unknown to us, the land was named after them.
(Peel)
2. For all his charm, he was not easy to deal with.
3. Michael touched the button and in a moment his secretary came in.
“Here are the letters, Margeiy. What appointments have I got for this
afternoon?” (Maugham)
4. It’s hard to say what nature has done to us and what it has done for us.
Harris was for explaining things, but George cut him short. “You get
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