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Файл:Английский язык для судоводителей. Практикум
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41
UNIT 9. SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS: ANCHORING
1. Learn these phrases by heart:
Поставить судно на якорь
bring the ship to anchor
Судно поставлено на якорь
ship has been brought to anchor
Быть на якоре
be at anchor
Стоять на якоре
lie at anchor/ride at anchor
Судно стоит на якоре
ship is lying/is riding at anchor
Отдать якорь
drop /let go anchor in position
Поднять якорь
weigh anchor/raise anchor
Сняться с якоря (дать ход)
get underway
Мы снимаемся с якоря через 2 часа
We are getting underway in 2 hrs
Можно мне стать на якорь в этой точке?
Do I have permission to anchor in this
position?
Нет, якорная стоянка запрещена в этой точке
No, anchorage is prohibited in this position
Да, якорная стоянка доступна в этой точке
Yes, anchorage is available in this position
Якорная стоянка рекомендуется в этой точке
Anchoring is recommended/advisable in this
position
Якорная стоянка не рекомендуется в этой точке
Anchoring is not recommended/inadvisable in
this position
Суда должны становиться на якорь в этой
точке
Vessels are requested to drop anchor in this
position
Суда не должны становиться на якорь в этой
точке
Vessels are requested not to anchor in this
position
Получить безопасную якорную стоянку
obtain safe anchorage
Можно мне получить безопасную якорную
стоянку в этой точке?
Do I have a permission to obtain safe
anchorage in this position?
Мне требуется временная якорная стоянка для
ремонта радара
I require temporary anchorage to repair radar
Мне требуется карантинная якорная стоянка
I require quarantine anchorage
Выставлять якорный огонь
exhibit anchor light
Вы выставили якорный огонь?
Did you exhibit an anchor light?
Я могу получить защищенную якорную
стоянку в этом районе?
Can I obtain sheltered anchorage in this area?
Мы стоим на якоре
We stay in the roadstead/We are at anchor
Сколько якорь цепи потребуется?
How much chain will be required?
Какой якорь должен быть готов к отдаче?
Which anchor must be ready to let go?
Поставить 2 человека на якорь вахту
Post 2 men on anchor watch
якорный шар выставлен
anchor ball has been exhibited
промерить глубины
take soundings
взять пеленг на береговой ориентир
take bearing on landmark
42
2. Read about anchoring procedure. Discuss this text with your study partners.
Vocabulary below will help you understand the text:
designated place — назначенное место
anchorage — якорное место/стоянка
anchoring — постановка на якорь
in a roadstead — на рейде
confined waters — воды, ограниченные по глубине и ширине
rudder failure — отказ руля
lie at anchor — стоять на якоре
good holding ground — хорошо держащий грунт
shelter — укрытие, убежище
points of interest — вопрос, представляющий интерес
swinging room — циркуляция судна на якоре
take bearings — брать пеленг
windlass — брашпиль
bitter end link — жвака галс
studded link — звено с распоркой; звено с контрфорсом
hawse pipe — клюз
chain stopper — стопор якорной цепи
gypsy wheel — цепное колесо, барабан
spurling pipe — труба цепного клюза
chain locker — цепной ящик
drop anchor — бросить, отдать якорь
heave up anchor — поднять якорь
shackle — смычка якорной цепи
bring the ship's head up into the wind — развернуть судно носом к ветру
be stem on to the current — стоять носом к течению
ride at anchor — стоять на якоре
(на одном или двух)
tidal stream — приливно-отливное течение
current — постоянное течение
dragging anchor — якорь, ползущий по грунту
ANCHORING
The anchor is a large and heavy instrument that is used to fix and hold vessels in one
position and prevent them from drifting. Anchors are used by ships when anchoring
at designated place which is called anchorage to wait for berth or cargo, when
43
anchoring in a roadstead for bunkering
3
or lightering4 operations, when maneuvering
without a tug or a bow thruster in confined waters and when a ship has to be stopped
in emergency situations like an engine or rudder failure.
Anchorages are places where ships can safely lie at anchor. A good anchorage
provides good holding ground, shelter from winds and a depth of 20 to 30 meters.
Additional points of interest when choosing an anchor position are the presence of
shipping traffic lanes, submarine cables, pipelines and other obstructions on and in
the seabed, the available swinging room with regard to the other ships at the
anchorage and the presence of conspicuous objects to take bearings from.
Port and starboard bow anchors are heaved up and lowered by means of windlass,
stern anchor is operated by anchor winch. Except of the windlass, anchor gear
consists of anchor cable, cable stoppers, cable lashings and bitter end link of the
cable, that can be disconnected to release the anchor and the anchor cable in case of
emergency. The anchor cable or chain consists of studded links and divided into
lengths that are called shackles. Each shackle measures 27, 5 meters and is marked.
The anchor chain leads from the anchor through the hawse pipe, over the chain
stopper, over the gypsy wheel, through the spurling pipe into the chain locker.
There are three teams involved in bringing the ship to anchor:
1. Team on the bridge, responsible for the safe navigation and ship handling
2. Team in the engine room, responsible for running the engine in maneuvering
mode and generating enough power to operate the windlass and any thruster units to
be used
3. Team on the forecastle, responsible for checking, preparing and operating the
windlass, for removing and applying any lashings and stoppers, for dropping the
anchor and heaving it up, as well as checking the condition of the anchor and the
anchor cable and reporting on that
The bridge team commands how many shackles have to be paid out and coordinates
communication. Usually, the forward team communicates with the bridge using VHF
handsets.
The ship may ride to one or two anchors. If there is a strong wind, it is necessary to
bring her head up into the wind. In case there is a strong tidal stream or current the
ship should be stem on to the current. When the ship is near her intended place, she is
given a little sternway with the engine and one anchor is dropped, then the anchor
chain is paid out, and, if necessary, the other anchor is let go.
3
The act or process of supplying a ship with fuel.
4
Process of transferring cargo between vessels of different sizes, usually between a barge and a bulker or oil
tanker.
44
When the chain is paid out completely, that is when the vessel has come to rest in
water, the brake is set as tight as possible. The scope of chain to be paid out depends
on many factors, such as the size of the ship, weather and tide conditions, quality of
the holding ground.
After that, the forecastle team will report how the chain is leading and growing and
whether there are any signs of dragging. After the commanding officer on the
forecastle has assured that the anchor is holding, the anchor ball can be hoisted and
anchor bearings and soundings can be taken
3. Answer the following questions:
1. When do ships require anchoring?
2. What is anchorage?
3. What is anchoring?
4. What are the signs of a good anchorage?
5. What areas are not suitable for an anchorage?
6. What elements does an anchor gear consist of?
7. What is an anchor chain divided into?
8. How does the anchor chain lead?
9. How many teams are involved in bringing the ship to anchor? What are their
duties?
10. What should the ship’s position relating to the wind and current be?
11. How is the ship’s position checked when the ship is lying at anchor?
12. What for is it checked at sufficiently frequent intervals?
13. When must the Master be notified?
14. What lights and shapes are exhibited when the ship is lying at anchor?
15. What is the procedure of heaving up the anchor?
ANCHOR WATCH
Once the ship has been anchored, anchor watch is to be maintained. During an anchor
watch the Officer of the Watch (OOW) should:
1) determine and plot the ship's position on the appropriate chart as soon as
practicable and, at sufficiently frequent intervals, check, by taking bearings to fixed
navigational marks or readily identifiable shore objects, whether the anchor is
holding;
2) ensure that an efficient lookout is maintained;
3) ensure that an inspection of the vessel is made periodically;
45
4) observe weather, tidal and sea conditions;
5) notify the Master and undertake all necessary measures if the vessel drags;
6) ensure that the state of readiness of the main engines and other machinery is in
accordance with the Master's instructions;
7) notify the Master if visibility deteriorates and comply with the International
Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea;
8) ensure that the vessel exhibits the appropriate lights and shapes and that
appropriate sound signals are made at all times:
9) keep a constant listening watch on appropriate VHP radio channels.
When the OOW has received a notice to prepare the ship for getting underway, he
contacts the master, the engineer on duty and the boatswain. While the engine is
being prepared and the forecastle team is mustering on deck, the bridge team prepares
for leaving the anchorage area and boarding a pilot in case the ship is inward bound.
Once the ship is ready for maneuvering and the forecastle team standby for heaving
up anchor, the master gives the order to heave up anchor. Then, the gypsy wheel is
engaged, the band brake is released and the water spray installation is activated to
clean the anchor chain. While the responsible officer on the forecastle is checking
how the chain is leading, the boatswain is operating the windlass. Usually, it is
reported to the bridge how many shackles are left in the water and how the chain is
leading. It is also important to report the observations of the anchor being aweigh, the
anchor being fouled and the anchor being home and secured. When preparing for sea,
the chain stopper and the chain lashings are applied and both the hawse pipe and the
spurling pipe are closed.
4. Discuss the questions:
1. Where can information about holding ground be found?
2. What ground is bad holding?
3. Why can it be necessary to dredge anchor?
4. What is “dredging anchor”?
5. When is a single anchor let go?
6. What is swinging room?
7. What length of chain does safe anchorage imply?
8. What lights and what shape does vessel at anchor exhibit?
9. What is anchor watch?
10. What is 1 shackle equal to?
11. What do you mean by “dragging anchor”?
12. What are the signs of a good anchorage?
46
13. What areas are not suitable for an anchorage?
14. What is foul ground?
15. What is anchor?
5. You should know commands for anchoring. Learn them by heart:
Stand by the starboard/port anchor
Стоять у правого/левого якоря
Get the anchor ready to let go
Приготовить якорь к отдаче
Let go the anchor/drop the anchor
Отдать якорь
How much cable is out?
Сколько вытравлено якорь цепи?
Let the anchor go to the ground
Стравить якорь до грунта
Slack away/ pay out/ veer the chain/the cable
Травить якорь цепь
Keep the cable slackened
Держать слабо якорь цепь
Slack away .... shackles into water
Травить ... смычки в воду
How many shackles under water?
Сколько смычек в воде?
How is chain leading?
Как смотрит якорь?
The chain is leading ahead/abeam/astern
Якорная цепь смотрит вперед/по
траверзу/назад
The chain is leading under the shell
Якорная цепь смотрит под корпус
Disengage the windlass
Разобщить брашпиль
Hold the chain
Задержать якорную цепь
Holding chain
Задерживаю цепь
Make fast the chain/Secure the chain
Закрепить якорную цепь
Secure the brake
Наложить стопор
The anchor is dragging/dredging
Якорь ползет/протаскиваю по грунту
Put the windlass in gear
Соединить брашпиль
Heave up the chain
Выбрать якорь цепь
Anchor is up and down
Панер
Anchor is holding/not holding
Якорь держит/не держит
The anchor is clear/not clear (anchor is foul)
Якорь чист/не чист
Secure the anchor for sea
Крепить якорь по-походному
How is the cable growing?
Как натянута якорь цепь?
The cable is slack/tight/coming tight
Якорь цепь ослаблена/тугая/натягивается
Stand by for heaving up
Приготовиться выбирать якорь
....shackle (s) is/are out
На клюзе ...смычка (смычек)
How much weight is on the cable?
Какая нагрузка на якорную цепь?
Stop heaving
Стоп выбирать
47
6. Study anchoring terms and demonstrate your knowledge while interview in
the crewing company:
Dragging (of anchor)
moving of an anchor over the sea bottom
accidently because it is no longer preventing
the movement of the vessel
Dredging (of anchor)
moving of an anchor over the sea bottom to
control the movement of the vessel
Walk out (to) (of anchors)
to reverse the action of a windlass to lower the
anchor until it is clear of the hawse pipe and
ready for dropping
Walk back (to) (of anchors)
to reverse the action of a windlass to ease the
cable
Anchor
large and heavy instrument that is used to hold
vessels in one position and prevent them from
drifting
Anchorage
place where ships can safely lie at anchor
Good anchorage
holding ground, shelter from winds and a depth
of 20 to 30 meters
Cable up-and-down
cable is leading vertically to the water
Shackle (of cable)
a standard length of chain that is equal to 27.5
m
Anchor gear
windlass, anchor cable, the cable stoppers, the
cable lashings and the bitter end link of the
cable
Windlass
machine that is designed to lower and raise the
anchor
Swinging radius of the vessel (радиус
циркуляции судна на якоре)
length of vessel + length of cable - depth of
water
Foul anchor
anchor has its own cable twisted around it or
has fouled an obstruction
Chain locker
compartment for storage of the chain cable
Hawse pipe
tube passing from the deck to the outer shell of
the ship through which anchor cable passes
48
UNIT 10. SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS: MOORING
1. Learn these phrases by heart:
Приготовиться к швартовке
Stand by for mooring
Подать бросательный
Give heaving line
Принять бросательный
Catch heaving line
Подать носовой продольный на берег
Give head line ashore
Подать носовой прижимной!
Give forward breast line
Подать носовой шпринг
Give forward spring
Подать кормовой продольный
Give stern line
Подать кормовой шпринг
Give aft spring
Потравить носовой (кормовой) продольный
Slack away the head (stern) line
Потравить носовой (кормовой) шпринг
Slack away forward (aft) spring
Потравить носовой (кормовой) прижимной
Slack away forward (aft) breast line
Потравить...немного
Slack away...a little bit
Потравить, дать слабину
Slacken, slack away
Стоп травить
Stop slacking
Задерживать
Check
Выбрать слабину
Haul in the slack
Подобрать слабину
Heave in the slack
Выбрать в тугую
Heave tight / Tighten up/ Haul taught
Стоп выбирать
Avast hauling
Вира носовой (кормовой)
Heave in forward (aft)
Крепить носовой (кормовой) продольный
Make fast the head (stern) line
Крепить носовой (кормовой) шпринг
(прижимой)
Make fast the forward (stern) spring (breast
line)
Так крепить
Make fast
Конец ... закреплен
... rope is fixed (made fast)
Носовой (кормовой) продольный закреплен
Head (stern) line a fast
Отдать дополнительные концы, оставить по
одному продольному и шпрингу
Single up
На баке и корме осталось по продольному и
шпрингу
Singled up fore and aft
Отдать носовой (кормовой) продольный
Let go head (stern) line
Отдать носовой (кормовой) шпринг
Let go forward (aft) spring
Носовой (кормовой) продольный отдан
The head (stern) line gone
Отдать все концы
Let go fore and aft
Все концы отданы
All gone fore and aft
Чисто ли за кормой?
Is it clear astern?
Под кормой чисто
Aft is clear (it is clear astern)
Приготовить кранцы
Have the fenders ready
49
2. Study vocabulary below:
fenders — кранцы
headway — передний ход, инерция переднего хода
sternway — задний ход, инерция заднего хода
steerage way — ход, достаточный для управления рулем
heaving line — бросательный конец, выброска
bow spring — носовой шпринг
breast line — прижимной швартов
stern rope — кормовой швартов
stern spring — кормовой шпринг
secure — крепить, закреплять
bollard — причальная тумба
to heave (heaved, hove) — тянуть, выбирать, подтягивать
taut — тугой, натянутый (о канате)
slack — слабый, имеющий слабину (о канате)
veer in — выбирать (конец веревки)
veer out —травить, вытравливать
congested waters — ограниченная, стесненная акватория
make fast alongside — швартоваться лагом
make fast stern to — швартоваться кормой
get moored — ошвартоваться
3. Read about mooring procedure. Discuss this text with your study partners.
Vocabulary above will help you understand the text:
MOORING
As soon as you read this text please answer the questions:
1. What is mooring?
2. Who is an officer responsible for mooring?
3. How can a vessel be moored?
4. Name the order of giving ropes when conventional mooring
5. What equipment is used while mooring?
50
When we talk about ‘mooring,’ we mean the method used to secure the vessel to a
terminal.
Ship’s manoeuvring, when approaching the berth, the other ship or any port structure,
making fact to it and also leaving it is called mooring operations.
It can be conducted on piers, dolphins, buoys, islands, or even with other ships.
If this is made between two ships, it is called a ship-to-ship operation or an STS,
which is often made between tankers.
Its purpose is to keep the vessel in place while loading or unloading cargo, bunkering,
taking stores or provisions, or performing maintenance.
Mooring system is defined as a set of equipment and techniques used to secure a
vessel in place.
The system typically consists of various components, such as anchors, chains, ropes,
and wires. They are used to connect the vessel to a fixed structure, or the seabed.
Crewmembers involved in the operation must be properly trained and experienced in
the use of the equipment.
4. Boost your knowledge of prepositions. Insert the necessary word:
1. Transfer the person … my vessel … boat (to, at, for, by)
2. Keep the pilot boat … the port side (at, with, between, on)
3. I advise you change … a larger range scale (of, on, at, to)
4. There are fourteen vessels … anchor (along, down, by, at)
5. The bad weather was coming straight … them (down, along, in, towards)
6. What is the latest information … the storm? (with, about, by, at)
7. It took over an hour to get … the port (up, out of, between, away)
8. Are there any warnings … operation? (across, in, along, down)
9. There are nets … buoys in this area (with, up, to, along)
10. What can you say … the incident? (under, for, about, into)
11. Pump … the ballast water (over, off, out, of)
12. Lower the derrick … the pier (in, of, through, over)
13. Check the containers … any damage (between, for, through, towards)
14. The Ratings’ messroom is … the second deck (over, at, on, to)
15. Meet … the muster station (after, between, on, at)
16. The life-buoys are … the deck railings (through, on, from, in)
17. The First Aid equipment is … the door (to, behind, for, from)
18. The supervisor sat … the two engineers (between, away, around, from)
19. We will be in the Pacific … five days (towards, at, for, until)
20. Transit will begin … 07:00 hours (at, for, to, up)
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