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Файл:Английский язык для судоводителей. Практикум
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Engine Room E/R or Machinery Space (M/S). Engineers are in charge of keeping the
machinery in good condition. E/R provides safe and efficient operation of not only
the engines and drive system, but also the electrical power supply, loading and
unloading systems, rubbish incineration, and fresh water sources, among other things.
Emergency situations can arise at any time during a voyage, and the Engineering
Crew must be prepared to respond promptly and effectively. They are trained to
handle various emergencies, such as engine failures, fires, flooding, or equipment
malfunctions.
All engineers keep watch in the E/R in order to support safe operation and
maintenance of equipment and machinery at all times: main engine, auxiliary
engines, steering gear, emergency generator, propeller shaft, heavy fuel oil purifier,
sewage treatment plant, auxiliary boiler, incinerator, air compressor, separators,
auxiliary engine, fuel oil and lube oil heaters and a number of pumps and tanks.
As to ship's Steward's Department, Chief Cook is the most senior unlicensed crew
member. He is responsible for preparing meals on a regular basis for the
crewmembers and passengers, as well as inspecting the galley and equipment to
ensure that all cleaning and storage procedures are followed.
3. Translate into English
1. Старший помощник капитана является ответственным за погрузку и
выгрузку груза.
2. Швартовые операции и уборка палубы — обязанности матросов.
3. Судоводителям изучают астрономию, морское право, основы навигации и
судовождения, глобальные морские системы спутниковой связи и т.д.
4. Судоводители работают в должности капитана, старпома, второго
помощника, третьего помощника.
5. Капитан несет ответственность за мореходность и эффективную
эксплуатацию судна, безопасность команды и груза на борту.
6. Вахтенные офицеры несут вахту на штурманском мостике и меняют друг
друга на вахте каждые четыре часа.
7. В вахтенный журнал записывают все изменения курса и скорости судна,
начало и окончание погрузочно-разгрузочных работ в порту.
8. Второй помощник отвечает за навигационное оборудование и оборудование
ГМССБ.
9. Вахтенный матрос стоит вахту на руле, выполняет команды лоцмана.
10. Вахтенный помощник капитана обеспечивает безопасность судоходства и
ведет постоянное наблюдение на мостике.
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4. Agree or disagree. When expressing agreement, doubt or disagreement use
the phrases: I don’t think that’s quite right; I’m afraid that’s completely wrong;
that’s (not) quite true; I wouldn’t say so; you are quite right; that’s right; as far as I
know; as far as I remember.
1. Crewmen are those who serve in the Engine-Room only.
2. Chief Mate is responsible for maintenance of ship’s hull.
3. Master is the head of the Deck Department.
4. Motorman keeps watch on the navigating bridge.
5. Holds are special spaces for stowage cargo.
6. Mooring is the securing a ship to berth, quay, pier or wharf.
7. Sailors usually clean and wash cargo holds and tanks.
8. The First Engineer is first in charge of the engine room.
9. The Bosun is the leading hand in charge of the able seamen or ratings.
10. Deck department duties are maintenance of ship’s machinery.
5. Ask your friend and let him answer the following questions:
1. Who serves on board ship?
2. What are the sailors’ duties?
3. What is Master responsible for?
4. What does Engine Department include?
5. Who is the head of Engine-Room?
6. Who is the head of Deck Department?
7. What is Catering Department?
8. What are Third Mate’s duties?
9. What is Bosun?
10. What do we mean by deck crew?
6. Find the sentences describing duties of crewmembers in the text
1. Master
2. Chief Officer
3. Second Officer
4. Third Officer
5. Chief Engineer
6. Bosun
7. Electrician
8. Motorman
a. is responsible for safety on board and cargo documents
b. is authorized to provides safety of ship, her cargo and the crew
c. keeps the ship’s holds, deck and hull in good condition
d. keeps watch on the bridge and is responsible for fire-fighting
equipment
e. maintains motors and generators
f. provides effective operation of M/S and its personnel
g. performs house-keeping duties and keeps watch in the E/R
h. is navigational officer responsible for GMDSS equipment
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UNIT 5. SHIP
1. Familiarize with vocabulary:
ship/vessel
судно
vehicle ['vi:ɪk(ə)l]
транспортное средство
ship’s arrangement
устройство судна
ship’s hull
корпус судна
plating
обшивка корпуса судна
seaworthiness
мореходность судна
stability
остойчивость судна
rudder
руль
propeller
винт
watertight
водонепроницаемый
frame
шпангоут
bulkheads
переборки
compartment
отсек
hole
пробоина, повреждение корпуса
hollow beam
полая балка
forecastle
бак/полубак
poop
ют
superstructure
надстройка
stern
корма
bow
нос
midship
мидель (линия пересечения наружней поверхности корпуса
судна вертикальной, поперечной плоскостью, делящей
пополам его теоретическую длину)
beam
бимс (одна из горизонтальных поперечных балок,
простирающихся от одного борта судна до другого)
hatch cover
крышка люка
Engine Room/Machinery Space
машинное отделение
hopper tank2
балластный танк
bow thruster
носовое подруливающее устройство
girders
днищевый стрингер, продольный бимс
cofferdam
коффердам
side shell
бортовая обшивка
cargo hold
трюм
astern
кормой
ahead
носом
monkey island, spar deck
верхний мостик, компасная площадка
2
Tanks used for ballast or for stability when carrying certain cargoes in bulk carriers. Also referred to as
topside wing ballast tanks or bottom hopper tanks
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funnel/stack/chimney
дымовая труба
collision bulkhead
форпиковая переборка
yawing (vertical rotation)
рыскание
rolling (longitudinal rotation)
бортовая качка
pitching (transverse rotation)
килевая качка
heaving (vertical translation)
вертикальная качка
swaying (transverse translation)
боковой снос, поперечно-горизонтальная качка
surging (longitudinal
translation)
продольно-горизонтальная качка
2. Read about ship’s arrangement and render the main idea of the text:
GENERAL SHIP’S ARRANGEMENT
Ship is a self-sustaining vehicle which remains afloat due to her nautical qualities,
such as, seaworthiness and stability. Main parts of the ship are the hull, the engines,
the propellers and the rudder. Main body of the ship is her hull. Hull must be
watertight to prevent ship from sinking. Hull is made up of frames covered with
plating. Ship’s hull is divided into a number of horizontal surfaces called decks. Steel
vertical walls used to break the hull up into watertight compartments are called
bulkheads. The ship’s hull is divided into 3 parts: the foremost part (bow), midship
and the aftermost part (stern). The left-hand side of the ship is called port, the right
side is called starboard. There is a forecastle at the fore end of the ship. The bridge
superstructure and the poop are combined at the after end.
Structurally, ship is a hollow beam. The backbone of all ships is the keel, which is a
longitudinal beam located at the very bottom of the vessel and extending from bow to
stern.
At the fore end of the ship’s hull are forepeak tanks and at the after end are after peak
tanks. They are used for fresh water and water ballast. Space between the holds and
the bottom of the hull contains double bottom tanks. They are used for ballast water
and fuel. Ballast is used to provide ship’s stability. When any ship is in loaded
condition the ballast water is pumped out.
The deck at the top of the hull is called main deck. This deck covers the holds where
the cargo is stowed. All the structures above the main deck make up a superstructure.
Superstructure contains navigating bridge as a commanding station of the ship,
monkey island just above the bridge, emergency generator room, accommodations or
living quarters for crew. There can be more decks within a superstructure. It differs
from ship to ship.
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In the Engine Room we can find main engines required to drive a ship, auxiliary
machinery (boilers, generators) used for maneuvering purposes, steering, mooring,
cargo handling and other services.
Bow thruster which is located in the bow gives the ship greater manoeuverability in
confined waters, such as, ports. Rudder which enables the vessel to maintain her
course is situated right aft.
The bulbous bow can reduce pitching in heavy seas and increase speed when the ship
is in ballast condition.
3. Study terms and definitions and learn them by heart:
accommodation
living quarter for crew
bitts and bollards
used for securing ropes or cables when a ship moors
bulkheads
vertical steel walls going across a ship and along
capstan
used for heaving ropes and chain for anchor
cargo hold
enclosed space to stow and store cargo when it is transported to
destination
forecastle
foremost part of the ship in the main or upper deck
hatch
access to the ship’s holds
hull
watertight part of any vessel that protects ship from flooding and other
structural damage
keel
long beam that runs along the bottom of a ship from bow astern
midships
horizontal point halfway between forward and aft perpendiculars
monkey island
deck at the topmost accessible height of the ship just above the bridge
which houses a magnetic compass
navigating bridge
commanding station of the ship which controls ship’s movement through
her navigational equipment
poop
after most raised part of main deck
propeller
mechanical device that drives a ship and pushes her forward
seaworthiness
means that the ship has passed required tests and safety checks to be able
to sail without any trouble
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seaworthy ship
reasonably fit to encounter the perils of the sea
ship’s dynamic stability
ability of the ship to return to her initial state or withstand the external
forces without change of her initial state
steering gear
provides movement of rudder in response to signal from the bridge
thruster
transverse propulsion device that gives a ship greater maneuverability in
confined waters, e.g. ports, and so reduce or eliminate the need for tugs
tweendeck
level inside the hull between the deck and cargo holds (it is used for
resting cargo)
waterline
level at which the ship surface meet the water
winch
deck mechanism for pulling or lifting
windlass
horizontal cylinder that is designed to lower and raise anchor
4. Discuss the following questions with your study partners:
1. What is ship?
2. What is seaworthiness?
3. What is ship’s stability?
4. What are the main parts of the ship?
5. What is ship’s hull?
6. How is hull divided inside?
7. What are the parts of ship’s hull?
8. What compartments does ship’s hull contain?
9. What do we call the sides of the ship?
10. What tanks does a ship have?
11. What does “ballast condition” mean?
12. What does ship’s skeleton consist of?
13. What machinery is there in the Engine Room?
14. What is rudder?
15. What is propeller?
16. What is bow thruster used for?
17. What are the two extreme ends of a ship called?
18. What can bulbous bow give the ship?
19. What is pitching?
20. What ship’s motions in dynamic environment can be distinguished?
5. Complete the following sentences:
1. The hull includes both _______________________________________________
2. The ship's machinery includes _________________________________________
3. The midship portion of the ship is situated between ________________________
4. The rudder is designed to _____________________________________________
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5. The bow thruster gives the ship ______________________________________
6. The use of the bulbous bow is to ______________________________________
7. A ship's actual design and number of decks depend on ____________________
6. Which ship terms are defined below?
1. ____________ : the body of the ship
2. ____________ : the large hinged plate at the stern of the ship which controls the
ships direction
3. _____________ : space inside the ship for carrying the cargo
4. ____________ : a part of the ship which drives the ship through the water
5. ____________ : an opening in the deck through which the cargo is lowered into
and lifted from the hold
7. Test yourself:
1. … is a height of the hull from the highest point of its main deck to its lowest
point
a) width; b) center line; c) depth
2. … is ship’s width
a) beam; b) depth; c) keel
3. … is a vertical plane of the ship, a straight line longitudinally through the vessel,
equidistant from the port and starboard sides
a) base line; b) midships; c) center line
4. … is a horizontal plane perpendicular to the center line located at the lowest point
of the hull
a) base line; b) water line; c) midships
5. … is a principal structural member of the ship running length way along a center
line from bow astern
a) bow; b) keel; c) stern
6. … is an intersection of the surface of the water a ship is floated in
a) center line; b) base line; c) water line
7. K (point) is located …
a) in the intersection of a center line and a base line; b) between bow and stern; c) in
the intersection of a water line and a center line
8. DWL is a …
a) design water line; b) deadweight line; c) deep water line
9. … determines DWL
a) deck officer; b) marine engineer; c) naval architect
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10. … represents full load of the ship under maximum draft condition
a) design water line; b) draft; c) depth
11. … is a horizontal point halfway between forward and aft perpendiculars
a) height; b) midships; c) draft
12. … is a total horizontal distance between forward and aft perpendiculars
a) LOA; b) LBP; c) DWL
13. … is a total length of a ship
a) LOA; b) LBP; c) DWT
14. LOA is … LBP
a) shorter than; b) a little longer than; c) equal to
15. … distances are measured from one of three places: the forward perpendicular,
the aft perpendicular or midships
a) horizontal; b) transverse; c) longitudinal
16. Transverse is the … direction across a beam of the ship
a) horizontal; b) longitudinal; c) vertical
17. Transverse distances are measured port or starboard from a …
a) center line; b) midships; c) water line
18. Forward part of the vessel is …
a) bridge; b) stern; c) bow
19. The space between the collision bulkhead and the stem is…
a) fore peak; b) forecastle; c) bulbous bow
20. LBP is …
a) length between perpendiculars; b) longitudinal distance between port and
starboard side; c) longitudinal beam point
21. Sides of the ship are called …
a) right and left; b) port and starboard; c) positive and negative
22. Distances on board ship are measured in three directions: …
a) longitudinally, transversally and vertically; b) upward, downward and towards a
centerline; c) westward, eastward and southward
23. AP and FP are …
a) vertical lines; b) horizontal lines; c) water lines
24. Vertical distances of a ship are measured …
a) downward from the center line; b) towards a centerline; c) upward from a
baseline
25. A vertical cylindrical machine for veering or hoisting the anchor chain
a) capstan; b) windlass; c) anchor gear
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UNIT 6. SHIP’S DIMENSIONS AND MEASUREMENTS
1. Study vocabulary. This will help you understand ship’s dimensions and
measurements deeply:
ship’s particulars
основные характеристики судна
ship’s dimensions
размерения судна
tonnage
тоннаж, грузовместимость
tonnage measurement
обмер вместимости
deadweight tonnage
валовая/полная грузоподъемность
dunnage
сепарационный материал для груза (доски, брезент,
фанера, картон, маты, брусья и пр.)
gross tonnage
валовая/полная брутто-регистровая вместимость
net tonnage
чистая/нетто-регистровая вместимость
capacity
вместимость, объем
cargo carrying capacity
чистая грузоподъемность/вместимость
cargo lifting capacity
грузоподъемность
carry cargo
перевозить груз
volume
объем
weight
вес
displacement
водоизмещение
light displacement
водоизмещение порожнего судна
loaded displacement
полное водоизмещение
amount of cargo
количество груза
amount of water
количество воды
water displaced
объем вытесненной воды
moulds
теоретический размер корпуса судна
moulded breadth
расчетная ширина судна
moulded depth
расчетная глубина судна
length over all
наибольшая длина судна
beam
ширина судна
draft
осадка
loaded draft
осадка с полным грузом
light draft
осадка в балласте
UKC (underkeel clearance)
минимальная глубина под килем
air draft
надводные габариты судна
center line
диаметральная плоскость судна
athwartships [ə'θwɔ:ʧɪps]
перпендикулярно диаметральной плоскости судна
trim
дифферент
on even keel
на ровном киле
International Convention on
Tonnage Measurement of Ships
Международная конвенция по обмеру судов 1969 г
30
2. Read the texts below and be ready to discuss ship’s particulars with other
students:
SHIP’S DIMENSIONS
Vessel is identified by a set of parameters. We call them ship’s particulars or
dimensions. They mainly include length, breadth, depth, and draft. These parameters
have further sub-classifications.
There are two kinds of dimensions: extreme and moulded. Extreme dimensions are
those where the measurement is taken from one extremity to another. On the other
hand, moulded dimensions are taken, excluding the thickness of the plating.
Extreme breadth or beam means that the breadth of the vessel is measured from side
to side athwartships, usually taken at amidships. On the other hand, moulded breadth
concerns the breadth, excluding the thickness of the shell plating.
For length, there are different ways to define it: Length overall (LOA), the length
between perpendiculars (LBP).
Length overall is the maximum length of the hull from one extremity to another.
Length between perpendiculars or LBP is the length between the forward and aft
perpendicular.
Depth, as we know, concerns the maximum vertical measure of the hull taken at
midships.
Draft is the vertical measurement of the submerged portion of the hull, usually taken
at midships, distance from the bottom of the keel to the waterline. Draft can also
have other measurements, like forward draft or aft draft, when the vessel is at a trim.
For the vessel on even keel, all drafts measured along its length are equal.
Air draft is the distance from the water line to the highest point on a ship (including
antennas) while it is loaded. When proceeding through a channel that is spanned by a
bridge, the air draft should be less than the vertical clearance of the bridge
SHIP’S MEASUREMENTS
When we speak about ship’s measurements we mean the following:
1. DISPLACEMENT
This is a major parameter for every vessel. Displacement is an equivalent of ship’s
weight.
Displacement can be expressed in two ways: by weight and by volume. By weight, it
means the weight of water displaced that is mathematically equal to the weight of the
vessel herself.
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