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Файл:Английский язык для профессионального общения. Искусство и дизайн = English for Professional Communication. Art and Design. Учебное пособие
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Unit 1. What is Art?
4. A fresco is a painting done in watercolour on a wall or ceiling where
a plaster is still wet or damp. The colours penetrate the plaster and
become fixed as it dries.
5.
ʽSceneʼ is used in various expressions specifying the subject of
the picture: street scene, city scene, country scene, hunting scene,
historical scene, battle scene. The word is often followed by from ...
life.
6. ʽPieceʼ is used as a general term meaning ʽworkʼ, ʽpictureʼ.
4. Look up the following words and memorize them.
Caricature, cartoon, collage, diagram, drawing, fresco, graph, illust
ration, mural, silhouette, sketch, tapestry.
5. Match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right.
caricature a picture made with a pencil
cartoon a drawing showing the parts of something to explain
how it works
collage a drawing showing by a line the connection between
two quantities
diagram a rough drawing without many details
drawing a picture to go with the words of a book
fresco a picture in solid black
graph a picture painted in water colour on a surface of fresh
wet plaster
illustration woven cloth hanging on a wall, with pictures woven
from coloured wool or silk
mural a humorous drawing, often dealing with some thing of
interest in the new in an amusing way
silhouette a representation of a person made so that the aspects
of his or her appearance appear more noticeable than
they really are
sketch a picture made by an unusual combination of bits of
paper, cloth, metal, etc.
tapestry a picture painted directly onto the wall
-
11
I. Basic course
READING FOR DISCUTION
6. What is your attitude to the following ideas about art?
Art is such a large part of our everyday lives, we hardly even stop to
think about it. Look at the desk or table where you are, right this minute.
Someone designed that. It is art. Your shoes are art. Your coffee cup is
art. All functional design, well done, is art. So, you could say, “Art is
something that is both functional and (hopefully) aesthetically pleasing
to our eyes.” (Shelley Isaak)
Art plays a large part in making our lives infinitely rich. Imagine, just
for a minute, a world without art! Art stimulates different parts of our
brains to make us laugh or incite us to riot. Art gives us a way to be
creative and express ourselves. For some people, art is the entire reason
they get out of bed in the morning. You could say, “Art is something that
makes us more thoughtful and well-rounded humans.” (Shelley Isaak)
Art causes people to look a little closer. To look closer at the social
issues, at other people and their emotions, at the environment that
surround them, and the everyday objects and life forms around them. It
helps them see what is there but not easily perceived. The artist brings out
that which cannot be seen or felt easily. (Brian Rice)
READING COMPREHENSION
7. Read the text given below and give it a title.
Art is the process or product of deliberately arranging elements in
a way that appeals to the senses or emotions. It encompasses a diverse
range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including
music, literature, film, sculpture, and paintings. The meaning of art is
explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics.
The definition and evaluation of art has become especially problema tic
since the early 20th century. Richard Wollheim distinguishes th r ee
approa ches: the Re alist , whereby aesthetic quality is an absolute
value independent of any human view; the Object ivist , whereby it is
also an absolute value, but is dependent on general human experience;
and the Relat iv ist position, whereby it is not an absolute value, but
depends on, and varies with, the human experience of different humans.
12
Unit 1. What is Art?
Traditionally, the term ‘art’ was used to refer to any skill or mastery.
This conception changed during the Romantic period, when art came to
be seen as “a special faculty of the human mind to be classified with religion and science”. Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating
thoughts and emotions.
The nature of art has been described by Richard Wollheim as “one of
the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture”. It has been
defined as a vehicle for the expression or communication of emotions and
ideas. Leo Tolstoy identified art as a use of indirect means to communicate from one person to another. Benedetto Croce and R.G. Collingwood
advanced the idealist view that art expresses emotions, and that the work
of art therefore essentially exists in the mind of the creator. The theory of
art as form has its roots in the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and was
developed in the early twentieth century by Roger Fry and Clive Bell.
The most common usage of the word ʽartʼ, which rose to prominence
after 1750, is understood to denote skill used to produce an aesthetic
result. Britannica Online defines it as “the use of skill and imagination in
the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be
shared with others.” By any of these definitions of the word, artistic
works have existed for almost as long as humankind: from early prehistoric art to contemporary art. The first and broadest sense of art is the one
that has remained closest to the older Latin meaning, which roughly
translates ʽskillʼ or ʽcraftʼ, and also from an Indo-European root meaning
ʽarrangementʼ or ʽto arrangeʼ.
The second and more recent sense of the word ʽartʼ is as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art. Fine art means that a skill is being used
to express the artist’s creativity, or to engage the audience’s aesthetic
sensibilities, or to draw the audience towards consideration of the finer
things.
Art can describe several things: a st udy of creative skill, a proc e ss
of using the creative skill, a pr o duct of the creative skill, or the audience’s experience with the creative skill. Art is something that stimulates
an individualʼs thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. It
is also an expression of an idea and it can take many different forms and
serve many different purposes.
13
I. Basic course
8. Put all possible questions to the text.
9. Read the text again and make a plan of it.
10. Practice retelling of the text in Ex. 7.
11. Study the Internet sites and find additional information about
Richard Wollheim, Benedetto Croce, Roger Fry and Clive Bell. What
are they famous for?
12. Read two viewpoints on modern art given below. Discuss them
with your partner. Try to illustrate your general statements with
funny stories. Use the words and expressions of the vocabulary from
the unit.
A: Modern art is mostly decadent rubbish. Painters produce ridiculous
daubs that a child could do in five minutes, and their works are sold for
thousands of pounds if the painters are fashionable. Sometimes people
say that artists like Klee or Jackson Pollock are nice, because all are
afraid that if they express their real opinion they will be taken for fools.
B: Modern artists have different aims in comparison with the artist of
past centuries. A modern painter does not want to do the work of a photographer; he or she wants to pass on their own personal experience of the
world, share their deepest feelings about life, death and the human soul.
An artist can use symbols in painting to express things which cannot be
told in words.
13. Work in pairs. Make up your dialogues and act them out.
a) You are a painter and your friend is not knowledgeable about art.
b) You are two arts graduates discussing the modern exhibition.
14. Read the poem by Laura
Lengyel given below. Do you like it?
Discuss it in your group. Translate the poem into Russian. Try to
preserve the original style of the author. You can try to create your
own poem about Art.
Art can find the lost.
The lost can find the way by seeing, doing, being art.
We can get lost in the seeing, the doing, the being... to forget.
We can find our way by seeing, doing, being.
Art can show the way.
Art explores the void, the darkness, the chaos.
14
Unit 1. What is Art?
Art heals the pain by turning into an image.
The image can be beautiful or ugly.
Art can make us angry.
It makes us ask if it is for us or against us.
It questions us by asking who the public is.
It helps us to understand where we stand.
Art tells us who we are or who we will be.
Laura Lengyel,
painter, performance artist
15. Letʼs have a talk about art. Answer the questions below.
Explain your answers.
1) Do you believe what art critics say?
2)
Do you think art can be great if it is not linked with peopleʼs lives,
their interests and ideals? Give your reasons.
How does art help us understand the world?
3)
4)
What purpose does true art serve?
5) What life would be without art? Why is art important?
16. There are some idears about art. Read them and share your
opinion about importance of Art with your group-mates.
a) Real art appeals to the heart and mind of man, to his feelings and
ideals and it proclaims life. Art is life, pretence of art is death.
b) True art elevates the mind and the soul of people.
PROJECT WORK
17. Choose one of the topics given below. Do research using the
library, the Interet and other sources. Write an essay. Present it to
your group.
1. My favorite genre of painting.
2. Why do I want to be a painter?
3. My favorite English painter.
4. What is art for me?
15
I. Basic course
. DESCRIPTION OF PAINTINGS
Unit 2
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
WORDS TO LEARN
battle painting – батальная живопись
genre painting – жанровая живопись
anecdotal painting – разновидность жанровой живописи
historical painting – историческая живопись
landscape painting – пейзажная живопись
monumental painting – монументальная живопись
mural painting – фресковая живопись
plain-air (plein-air) painting – пленэрная живопись
in the open air – на открытом воздухе (на пленэре)
portraiture [ʹpɔ:tritʃǝ] – портретная живопись; редк. коллекция
портретов
Types of Pictures
piece – картина, произведение
искусства
battle piece – батальная картина
conversation piece – жанровая
картина, изображающая группу собеседников
life-size – размер в натуральную величину (о картинах,
скульп турах)
half-life size – в половину натуральной величины
masterpiece – шедевр
create a masterpiece – создать
шедевр
enduring masterpiece – бес
смерт ный шедевр
scenery – пейзаж (всегда в ед. ч.
и только о природе)
landscape – пейзаж; ландшафт
(вид живописи и картина, изображающая пейзаж)
cityscape / townscape – городской пейзаж
marina (sea piece, water piece,
seascape) – марина, картина,
изображающая морской вид,
морской пейзаж, а также сцену морского сражения или иное
событие, происходящее на море
still life – натюрморт
-
ower-piece – натюрморт с цветами
16
Unit 2. Description of Paintingsr
scene – вид, пейзаж
fruit-piece – натюрморт с фрук-
тами
portrait – портрет
self-portrait – автопортрет
half-lengh (portrait) – поясной
(портрет)
full-lengh (portrait) – (портрет)
во весь рост
shoulder-length (portrait) – погрудный (портрет)
knee-lengh (portrait) – (портрет) по колено
group portrait – групповой
портрет
equestrian [ɪʹkwestrɪǝn] portrait
–
конный портрет
miniature – миниатюра (жанр
или произведение искусства,
обычно портрет)
reproduction – репродукция,
копия
prior art (prototype) – прототип
panel – тонкая доска для жи-
вописи; панно; длинная узкая
картина
fresco – фреска, фресковая живопись
line art – штриховой рисунок
black-and-white – рисунок пе-
ром
caricature – карикатура
daub [dɔ:b] n – плохая картина,
мазня; v – малевать
dauber – плохой художник
highlight(s) – самая светлая
часть картины, световой блик,
световое пятно
in the foreground – на переднем
плане
in the background – на заднем
плане
in the middle ground – на
втором плане
against a background – на фоне
ENRICH YOUR VOCABULARY
Some Skills of the Painter
painterly talents (talent for
painting) – талант к живописи
the brush – кисть (искусство),
мастерство художника
brushwork – манера письма,
живописная манера
to group – подбирать гармонично краски, цвета
handling – умение художника
владеть кистью
verve – живость и яркость (описания); индивидуальность художника
exquisite work – тонкое мастерство
creative work – творческий труд
17
I. Basic course
Useful Words and Word Combinations
life – натура
true to life – реалистический,
жизненно правдивый, точно
воспроизведенный
nude n – обнаженное тело (особ.
в живописи, скульптуре), обна-
женный, нагой (о натурщике)
pose n – поза; v позировать (ху-
дожнику)
pose naked – позировать в обнаженном виде
pose sitting (standing) – позировать сидя (стоя)
Some Useful Adjectives
out of the way – необыкновенный, необычный, незаурядный
pose for a portrait – позировать
для портрета
sit (stand) for painters – позировать художникам
sitting – сеанс
sitter – тот, кто позирует ху-
дожнику, скульптору; натурщик, натурщица, модель (syn.
model)
prole a – профиль, очертание,
контур; v – рисовать в профиль
second-rate – второсортный,
по
средственный
overrated – переоцененный, перехваленный
revolting – отвратительный
unremarkable – невыдающий-
ся, обыкновенный, ничем не
примечательный
crude – сырой, неотработанный,
черновой, предварительный
sketchy – эскизный
outstanding – выдающийся
poor – жалкий, ничтожный,
низкого качества
astonishing – удивительный,
изумительный
remarkable – замечательный,
удивительный, выдающийся
superb – великолепный, грандиозный, превосходный
brilliant – блестящий, выдающийся
great – замечательный, великолепный
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
1. Give English equivalents of the following words and word
combinations.
Историческая живопись, фресковая живопись, акварельная живопись, натюрморт с цветами, натюрморт с фруктами, шедевр, автопортрет, групповой портрет, миниатюра, карикатура, пейзаж, го-
18
Unit 2. Description of Paintingsr
родской пейзаж, натюрморт, на переднем плане, на заднем плане, на
фоне, натура, обнаженное тело, натурщик, эскизный; замечательный, блестящий, выдающийся, искусство художника.
FOCUS ON SYNONYMY
2. Match the synonyms and translate them into Russian.
scenery outstanding
marina sketchy
sitter landscape
remarkable townscape
crude seascape
city-scape model
3. Match the words with their definitions.
masterpiece a picture you make of yourself
landscape the particular style that an artist has of
putting paint onto the painting with a brush
still life something made or done with great skill,
esp. an artist’s greatest work
self-portrait a person employed to show his or her body to
be drawn or photographed by t hose studying
the human form
caricature a view or picture of the countryside
fresco not wearing any clothes
brushwork a painting or drawing of an arrangement of
objects that do not move, such as f lowers
or fruit
model a copy of something
nude painting on wet plaster on a wall or ceiling
reproduction a drawing or a written or spoken description
that makes part of someone’s appearance
character more noticeable than it really is
or
19
I. Basic course
LANGUAGE PRACTICE
1. Look at the picture Young Painter by I. Firsov (App. 3, fig. 1),
read the text, then answer the questions given below.
Young Painter
This is a painting by Ivan Firsov. Firsov is an old Russian artist. He is
an original master and a fine colorist. His name is not very well-known
today, but the painting “Young Painter” is familiar to our art-lovers.
In the painting we see an art-studio. It is simple not big, but rather
nice. In this studio, we see two big portraits in the frames on the wall,
a bust, a plaster figure, and a paint-box. There is an old big easel and an
unfinished portrait on it. We see three people: a woman, a little girl and
a young painter. The painter has a brush in his hand. The little child is his
model. Her face is round and charming. Her dress is long. The young
painter is very serious. He is not an experienced artist but his talent is
original. [8]
1. Is this painting familiar to you?
2. Is Ivan Firsov a modern artist?
3. What kind of painting is it?
4. What kind of art-studio is there in the painting?
5. Is the studio big?
6. Is the young painter a professional artist?
7. Are the woman and the child his mother and sister?
8. Is the girl a good model?
2. Look at the picture At the Door of the School by N. Bogdanov-
Belsky (App. 3, fig. 2) and answer the following questions.
1. This is a picture of a school, isnʼt it?
2. Is it a picture of a country school or a city school? Why do you think
so?
3. What can we see in the foreground?
4. Who is standing at the door of the classroom?
5. The boy is very poor, isn’t he? Why do you think so?
What is the boy wearihg?
6.
7. What is the boy leaning on?
8. Why do you think the boy is leaning on a stick?
9. The boy is very tired, isn’t he?
20
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