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Файл:Master's Degree. Education and research. Part 1. Tutorial
.pdf
151
3. THE QUALITY STATEMENT OF PURPOSE FOR A CHEMISTRY
PROGRAM
34
by Petr Vanýsek, NIU – Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry
I am writing on behalf of my application to study towards the doctoral
degree at the University of Southe r n No r th D ak ot a a t H oo ple in the Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry. I want very much to stud y analytical chemistr y in
this program, in particular, because of my very favourable impression of this
university and the outstanding research accomplishments of the faculty in my areas
of special interest. I hope to be able to contribute to this research community.
I feel strongly that my u ndergraduate e ducation at Lan gley Colle ge and
Hudson University have given me a firm foundation in Analytical Chemistr y
and Physical Chemistry. I was part icularl y fortunate to work in my junior year
on a research project with professor S. Cannizzaro, determining the contents of
tartaric acid in oenophoric samples. This work resulted in an accepted research
paper and presentations at several symposia. A graduate course on surface
plasmon spectroscopy, which I took at UC Santa Theresa, has further
contributed to my confidence to pursue additional studies.
I am finishing my B.S. in Chemistry and Biochemistry from Hudson
University in a few months. I hope to obtain some day a j ob as a university
professor. I am attracted to this lifestyle, the freedom to decide what one wants
to research and the stimulation of the academic community. I a m interested in
how physical and analytical research can be used to avoid mineral and resource
depletion studied at the newly dedicated Horticultural Research Center at
USND. I seek to become a first rate Ph.D. researcher in the field of analytical
chemistry while at the same time that I also constantly scrutinize the principles
of science and erudition in t he light of practical applic ations of principles and
theory based on human need analysis.
In addition to the analytical determination of oenophiles’, I have
conducted research with Dr. Shiu Sisako on behaviour of electrodes
(palladium, praseodymium and francium) in the presence of caproic acid in
both acidic and basic solutions, since 9/2010-present. At the University of
Southern North Dakota at Hoople I would be especially honoured by being
able to study with Professors W. Gibbs or S. Arrhenius. I thank your for
considering my application for study as well as a research assistantship.
34
http://niu.edu/engagedlearning/_pdfs/grad-school/PREP-Statement-of-Purpose-Good-Example.pdf.
152
4. THE STATEMENT OF FUTURE RESEARCH INTERESTS IN
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
35
Mohammad Jaber Borran
My broad research interests are in the areas of wireless communication
systems and networks, information and coding theory, and multiuser
communications. My past research is primarily focused on designing high- rate
low-power wireless communication systems for high-mobility scenarios. My
short-term goals for future research are in the directions of completing or
improving my current research. My long-term research interests include
studying fundamental limits of delay and/or complexity constrained s ystems,
design of wideband systems in the low-power regime, and multiple-access
using multiple-antenna systems. Below, I will describe my future research
goals and interests in greater detail.
Short-Term Research Goals
In continuation to my current research in t he areas of multiple-antenna
systems and multiuser communications, I would like to investigate the
following problems:
1. Designing low-complexity codes and constellations: Even though the design
criteria for space-time codes and constellations in most scenarios are known,
finding systematic methods to design codes and constellations with
reasonable amount of decoding compl exity is still a challenge. I have done
some preliminary res earc h o n designi ng lo w-complexity single-antenna real
non-coherent constellations , and the results are very promisin g. Motivated
by the singl e-antenna results , I would like to explore construc tion methods
for low-complexity multiple-antenna codes and constellations.
2. Information Theoretic Analysis: T here is a trade off between the channel
estimation and data transmission phases of the communication systems.
Using a longer training sequence can improve the estimation performance,
which in turn results in an improvement in the detection and decoding,
however, it reduces the throughput (occupi es more symbol intervals that
could otherwise be used to transmit data). The estimation quality is related
to the Fisher information, whereas the t ransmission rate is bounded by the
mutual information. I propose a closer study of this trade off, as well as
information theoretic analysis of the partially coherent channel (capacity,
outage, the capacity achieving distribution).
35
http://www.ece.rice.edu/~mohammad/package/Borran_FutureResearch.pdf.
153
3. Robustness Stu dy: The existing non-coherent and partial ly coherent codes
and constellations assume that t he exact length of t he coherence interval is
known at the transmitter. In practice, the transmitter can only have an
estimate of the length of the coherence interval or assume some approximate
value for that. If the a ctual val ue of the coher ence inter val i s larger than t he
assumed value, the perf ormance of the designed const ellations will not be
affected, (they may no l onge r be th e opti mal c onstel lation s for t hat channel ,
though), however, the in depe ndence as sumptio n used in d esi gning the out er
code will no lon ger be valid. On t he other hand, if t he actual length of the
coherence interval is smaller than the assumed value, even though the
independence assu mption i n desi gning t he oute r co de wil l r emain valid , but
the model and assu mptions in designin g non-coherent or partially coherent
constellations will not be exactly correct, and the performance will be
affected by this inaccuracy. Therefore, I propose to study the effect of
inaccuracies in the assumed len gth of the coherence interval in the design
and performance of the non-coherent constellations.
4. Code and Constellation Design for Frequency Selective Channels: Most of
the existing coherent, non- coherent, and partially coherent multipleantenna codes and constellations are for the case of flat-fading channels.
Multipath is a non-separable component of the practical channels.
Therefore, I propose to also investigate the code and constellation design
problems in the presence of frequency selectivity due to multipath.
Long-Term Research Interests
My long-term research interests include:
1. Delay and/or Complexity Constrained Capacity: In his pioneering work on
the theory of communication, Shanno n introduced the concept of channel
capacity, which can be roughly defined as the maximum rate at which
successful communication can take place throu gh t he ch anne l. T his notion
of capacity does not assume any constraint on the de coding delay or the
amount of computation needed at the transmitter and receiver. With the
growing demand for smaller wireless devices and high-rate real- time
applications, computational complexity and decodin g delay become more
restrictive constraints for the future wireless systems. I plan to investigate
the fundamental bounds on the achievable rates for reliable
communication in the presence of delay and complexity constraints.
2. Wideband Systems in the Low-Power Regime: The technology of
wideband communication has recently attracted many researchers’
attention. The main driving forces behind this interest are increased power
efficiency (the ability to transmit at an energy per information bit close to
154
the minimum), increased diversity order (in frequency selective fading
environments), ease of multiplexing and multi-access, and ability to
coexist with other systems in the same frequency band. I plan to
investigate the code design criteria in the low-power regime, and design
power-efficient codes and constellations for wideband communications.
3. Multiple-Access Using Multiple-Antenna Systems: Using multiple
antennas at the transmitter and/or receiver to mitigate fading has received a
considerable amount of attention among researchers. In multiuser
environments, multiple antennas can be used at the receiver to resolve
signals from different users. I would like to investigate such multiuser
systems in which transmitter and/or receiver’s antenna resources are used
to suppress multiple-access interference. Similar to the single-user case,
this study can be done for different scenarios such as slowly fading
channels (permitting coherent reception) or fast-fading channels (requiri n g
non-coherent or partially coherent reception).
A successful research in an engineering area requires collaboration between
people with differ e nt ex pe r tise. D ur ing m y g radu at e stu di es at R ice, I have had the
opportunity to work with several of my colleagues and professors on various
projects. F urther, I have had the chance to interact wit h several rese archers from
Nokia during my internships. I have also had the opportunity to discuss my
research with researchers in other industries including Texas Instruments. I
envision myself continuing collaborations with researchers from academia and
industry to provide solutions for the future communications systems.
5. RESEARCH STATEMENT AND INTERESTS IN CANCER
BIOLOGY AND EPIGENETIC (Sameer Srivastava)
My research intere sts spa n a roun d c ance r b io logy and ep ig ene tic w ith sp ec ia l
emphasis on colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. As a researcher I want to perform
research in the field of cancer biolog y for the benefit of hum an community. I d i d my
Masters in Marine biotechnology from Goa University and then joined the
prestigious National Chemic al Laboratory, Pune, for my doctoral research. I
joined Dr. B. M. Khan’s lab in Plant T issue Culture division at NCL. During
my doctoral research I had a n opportunity to work on a problem to engineer
Leucaena leucocephala with low/modified lignin content. Paper industry
mainly uses bamboos, Eucalyptus sp. and Casuarina sp. as a source of raw
material for paper and pulp production. However L. leucocephala is widely
used in India because of its high rate of biomass production and easy
acclimatization. Removal of lignin is a major hurdle for obtaining good quality
155
pulp hence, as a first step to generate transgenic plants with l ow lignin conte nt,
cDNA and genomic clones of CCR gene (gene involved in crucial step in
lignin biosynthesis) were isolated and characterized from L. leucocephala. This
task made me learn basic molecular biology tools like PCR, cloning and
Genomic/ cDNA library screening. As our main aim was to generate
transgenic lines of L. leucocephala down-regulated for CCR gene, antisense
construct was made in pCAMBIA1301 vector and the plant was transformed
using Agrobacterium mediated transformation. For this a well-standardized
method of regeneration was followed, which was developed in our lab
previously. After a well spent one and half year we finally succeeded in getting
transgenic lines of L. leucocephala down regulated for CCR gene.
My research experience at NCL inspired me to diversify my research to
allied fields. I wrote a research proposal on plant viruses, which earned me a
DBT-Research Associate-ship to pursue my Post Doctoral research at
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB),
New Delhi. The lab at ICGEB introduced me to Plant viruses, its impact on
Indian crop, and Small RNA and RNAi pathways inside the plant system.
Plant viruses are supposed to be the cause of major crop damages in India.
Crops like tomato, potato, c otton, brinjal e tc. are attacked by ge miniviruses (a
class of plant virus). Extensive research has been going on at ICGEB on
geminiviruses and my collaboration with this lab proved to be highly beneficial
in terms of wider exposure into my area of research.
Being a molecular biologist at the core, I have ventured into a totally
new field of research and my proposal on cancer biology has fetched me
esteemed Endeavour Fellowship (Austr alian Government f ellowship to pursue
post doctoral research in Australia) . This has added a new dimension to my
career, which, to date, has focus ed on plant genetics. It gave me a platfor m to
learn new techniques, such as mammalian cell culture, Pyrosequencing for
SNP and methylation detection, Bisulphite conversion and PCR for identifying
the methylated CpG sites. This exposure has given me chance to explore the
field of colo-rectal cancer (CRC). Presently our group is coordinating the
largest prospective study of Laterally spreading tumor (LST) ever undertaken
worldwide, and this places us in a unique position to better understand the
biology of these lesions. The progression of Non Polyploidy Adenomas
(NPAs) and LSTs to CRC has been described in several studies. When left
untreated NPAs can progress to CRC within a similar time frame to polyploidy
lesions. As with all cancers epigenetic changes also play a major role in the
biology of CRCs. DNA methylation is the most characterised epigenetic
156
alteration. In cancer, hypermethylation of gene promoter regions inactivates the
expression of many important tumour suppressor genes.
Our genome-wide molecular profiling has generated a large volume of
preliminary data from up to 5 typical examples of NG-LSTs. Our different
genome-wide experiments such as Genome wide DNA methylation profile, Copy
Number variants by Comparative Genome Hybridization, will act as multiple
‘layers’ of information that will filter the biologically relevant genes to a
manageable number of candidates, which are hypothesized to be involved in
playing a majo r role in colo-rectal carcinogenesi s. Using these te chnologies we
have determined the frequency of some of the common molecular changes
associated with colorectal neoplasia in the LST specimens. This includes mutations
of the Wnt pathway genes APC and CTNNB1 as determined by DNA sequencing.
The validation of these genes as a candidate for colo rectal cancer is underway.
As a Molecular biologist, in future I wish to extend my work on
epimutations in c olo- rectal carcinogenesis on colorectal tumour samples fr om
India. The specifi c aim of my fut ure research would be to initiate collaboration
with hospitals in India, collection of colorectal tumour samples of different
characteristic morphology. The tumour samples will be grouped according to the
morphology and methylation status of candidate genes (Identified using genomewide analysis fro m our prese nt stud y) will be studied. The stud y of meth ylatio n
status on a different cohort of tumour samples from different eth nic (Till now the
study is limited to Australian population) and genetically diverse group will shed
light upon the molecular pathways involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. The
study will monitor the epimutations and genetic mutations of the candidate genes
in the Indian population, which in turn will make us, understand the genes, which
are playing role in colorectal cancer predisposition.
As of now it is believed that most colorectal cancers develop along one of
two distinctive molecular pathways known as the chromosomal instability (CIN)
and microsatellite instability (MSI) pathways. In the CIN pathway, cancer is
thought to develop from conventional adenomas following a sequence of
molecular events i ncluding i nactivation o f APC and TP53, acti vating mutati ons
in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (KRAS,
BRAF), and changes in chromosomal copy number and structure. The MSI
pathway is an alternate route of tumour genesis, characterised by defects in DNA
mismatch repair enzymes, most commonly MLH1. As Indian population is
genetically diver se we expect the result obt ained in this study would be more
informative than the earlier study and we would be able to identify marker genes
playing major role in colo-rectal cancer predisposition.
157
APPENDIX III. SAMPLE ACTION VERBS LISTED
COMMUNICATION
Suggested
CREATIVE
DETAIL-
FINANCIAL
MANUAL SKILLS
Classified
PROVIDING
Coordinated
ORGANIZING
Coordinated
LEADERSHIP
Executed
BY FUNCTIONAL SKILL AREA36
Aided
Advised
Arbitrated
Clarified
Co-authored
Collaborated
Consulted
Coordinated
Counselled
Defined
Enlisted
Formulated
Influenced
Informed
Inspired
Interpreted
Interviewed
Mediated
Merged
Negotiated
Promoted
Publicized
Recommended
Represented
Resolved
Acted
Adapted
Composed
Conceptualized
Created
Designed
Developed
Directed
Drew
Fashioned
Generated
Illustrated
Imagined
Improvised
Integrated
Innovated
Painted
Performed
Planned
Problem-solved
Shaped
Synthesized
Visualized
Wrote
Checked
ORIENTED
Classified
Constructed
Analyzed
Approved
Arranged
Classified
Collated
Compared
Compiled
Documented
Enforced
Followed through
Met deadlines
Prepared
Processed
Recorded
Retrieved
Set priorities
Systemized
Tabulated
Administered
Allocated
Analyzed
Appraised
Audited
Budgeted
Calculated
Computed
Developed
Evaluated
Figured
Maintained
Managed
Performed
Planned
Projected
Arranged
Assembled
Bound
Built
Checked
36
https://beam.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/stanfordphd_cg15-16_linked.pdf.
SERVICE
Advised
Attended
Cared
Coached
Achieved
Assigned
Consulted
Contracted
Controlled
Administered
Chaired
Convinced
Directed
Examined
158
Constructed
Controlled
Repaired
Counselled
Submitted
Decided
Reported
Expanded
RESEARCH
Tested
TEACHING SKILLS
TECHNICAL
Cut
Designed
Drove
Handled
Installed
Invented
Maintained
Monitored
Operated
Prepared
Delivered
Demonstrated
Explained
Furnished
Generated
Inspected
Issued
Mentored
Provided
Purchased
Referred
Delegated
Developed
Established
Evaluated
Negotiated
Organized
Planned
Prepared
Prioritized
Produced
Recommended
Facilitated
Improved
Initiated
Managed
Oversaw
Produced
Recommended
Reviewed
Supervised
INVESTIGATION
Calculated
Catalogued
Collected
Computed
Conducted
Correlated
Critiqued
Diagnosed
Discovered
Evaluated
Examined
Experimented
Extrapolated
Gathered
Identified
Inspected
Investigated
Monitored
Proved
Reviewed
Surveyed
Adapted
Advised
Clarified
Coached
Developed
Encouraged
Evaluated
Informed
Inspired
Motivated
Participated
Provided
Represented
Supported
Taught
Trained
Verified
Assembled
Built
Calculated
Computed
Designed
Engineered
Fabricated
Maintained
Operated
Programmed
Remodelled
Repaired
Solved
Tested
159
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160
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__________________________
МАГИСТРАТУРА: ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ
И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ
Часть 1
Responsible for publishing Аssist. Prof. D. A. Romanov
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