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Файл:English proficiency tests. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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generate the sort of rhythms that you see in eel-like animals that rely on oscillations
to move. It is possible to replicate these biological circuits using newfangled
electronic circuits and software, leading to the same kind of smooth (albeit robotic)
motion in AmphiBot.
Biological researchers had pretty much decided that CPGs explained the extent
of wiggly animal motion, until it was discovered you can chop an eel's spinal cord in
half, and it will somehow maintain its coordinated undulatory swimming
performance. Which is kinda nuts, right? Obviously, something else must be going
on, but trying to futz with eels to figure out exactly what it was is not, I would guess,
pleasant for either researchers or their test subjects, which is where the robots come
in. We cannot make robotic eels that are exactly like the real thing, but we can
duplicate some of their sensing and control systems well enough to understand how
they do what they do.
AgnathaX exhibits the same smooth motions as the original version of
AmphiBot, but it does so without having to rely on centralized programming that
would be the equivalent of a biological CPG. Instead, it uses skin sensors that can
detect pressure changes in the water around it, a feature also found on actual eels. By
hooking these pressure sensors up to AgnathaX's motorized segments, the robot can
generate swimming motions even if its segments are not connected with each other—
without a centralized nervous system, in other words. This spontaneous syncing up of
disconnected moving elements is called entertainment.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. Scientists cannot make robotic eels that are exactly like the real.
2. Scientists can duplicate some of eel’s sensing and control systems.
3. AmphiBot uses skin sensors that can detect pressure changes in the water around
it which is the equivalent of a biological CPG.
4. Eel can maintain coordinated swimming performance without spinal cord.
5. AmphiBot is a descendant of AgnathaX.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. Don’t you think my cousin (look) just like his father?
2. She (read) the whole of Harry Potter by the time she was eight years old.
3. ‘Why were you so exhausted yesterday?’ ‘Because I (run) all morning.’
4. I (watch) a football world cup while he (try) to reach me on the phone.
5. After Jack (return) to his house, he (read) a book.
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Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Could Have to Should
Can May Must).
1. For a combine more than five years old, interfacing with its control system ……
not be quite so easy.
2. It ….. achieve a top speed of 21 mm/s on horizontal planes and 15 mm/s on
vertical walls.
3. Indeed, the robots …… drive through the fields clearing the soil at a pace that
would be virtually impossible for humans to match.
4. You ….. rely on this water pressure-mediated local control to generate a
swimming motion.
5. We believe that such irregular tasks ….. be handled by remote control from the
ground.
Task 5. Define and name the impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive,
participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. You should check the oil before starting the car.
2. The government was made to resign.
3. This urgent task is said to have been postponed for some period of time.
4. The work done by this research team is very important for this experiment.
5. We heard the ability to create exist in every individual.
Task 6. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If they had not sold their house, they (live) in London.
2. I would refuse to negotiate if I (be) you.
3. If New Zealand (not be) so far away, I would have visited my relatives more
often.
4. If roads are slippery it (be) very dangerous to drive.
5. The company will refund the money if you (change) your mind.
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SECTION II TESTS FOR STUDENTS OF ADVERTISING AND
MARKETING
Тест 1
Вариант 1
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
Advertising on Instagram
Instagram is adding another way to promote your Instagram presence outside the
app, with a new option to embed a mini version of your Instagram profile on thirdparty sites.
As you can see in this example, now, you will be able to link to an Instagram profile
direct within a website, providing another way to connect through to a user, as
opposed to specific content in the app.
As explained by Instagram chief Adam Mosseri:
“You’ve been able to embed an Instagram photo or Instagram video into a website for
many years now. This extends on that idea and allows you to embed a miniature
version of your Instagram profile on a website. Maybe you want to showcase your
Instagram content on a website somewhere, or link to someone else’s.”
How useful that will be is hard to say. For many brands, you would ideally want
people to stay on your website, as opposed to filtering them off to Instagram, though
it could be another way to encourage ongoing connection by referring visitors to your
IG presence as well. You would also assume that most embeds, within the context of
a blog post, would be relative to a specific reference image or video, as opposed to an
entire profile, but there could be use cases and opportunities for the tool - and having
more direct connection capacity in this respect is always beneficial.
One example might be referring people to influencers that your business has worked
with, who showcase your products in their Instagram posts. Maybe, by connecting
through to an IG account, that could act as a visual showcase to add to your website
images, while also enhancing community connection – and thus reach – in the app.
There are various ways it could be used, though overall it does seem less valuable
than post embeds. Still, it is another consideration. Instagram profile embeds are
available to US users only at this stage.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. Instagram is adding another way to promote your Instagram presence outside the
app.
2. This extension allows you to build an exact version of your Instagram profile on
a website.
3. Instagram profile embeds are available to US users only at this stage.
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4. Embedding Instagram profiles available to users around the world only at this
stage.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. Main ideas (explain) by many Instagram bloggers.
2. She (just, embed) an Instagram photo.
3. Your business (be) more efficient when products (showcase) in Instagram posts.
4. My former colleague (apply) for a new job a couple of days ago.
5. Some advertisements (use) to change people’s views or even to support a certain
candidate for president.
Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Could Should Would
Can May Be able to).
1 You ….. link to an Instagram profile direct within a website, providing another
way to connect through to a user.
2 For many brands, ideally so that you ..… stay on their website.
3 You ….. also assume that most embeds within the context of a blog post.
4 Тhere ..… be use cases and opportunities for the tool - and having more direct
connection capacity in this respect is always beneficial.
5 You ….. use different ways to demonstrate the product.
Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If I (connect) to an IG account, I could use it as a visual demonstration.
1. If Instagram (not come) into the life of modern people, we would have missed a
lot of advertising advantages.
2. If Instagram advertising (be) easier and cheaper, It (become) a place for most
people to earn money.
3. If you (show) your Instagram content on some website, it will become useless
for you.
4. If the agencies agreed, we (make) rapid progress.
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Тест 1
Вариант 2
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
Advertising
Advertising is the engine of commerce. Companies usually advertise products in
order to sell them and it is called commercial offering. However, some
advertisements are used to change people’s views, to support a certain candidate for
president. These are called ideological or political advertisements. Every year more
than 600 billion dollars are spent worldwide on advertising. Advertisements appear
everywhere: on TV and radio, in newspapers and magazines, on billboards and buses.
In business it is known as marketing communication and is used to encourage,
reassure and even manipulate an audience or a specific group. Ad vertere from Latin
means “to turn toward”, which clearly shows that the purpose of advertising is to
catch the client’s attention. Advertising is usually paid by sponsors and transmitted
via mass media. While traditional media includes newspapers, TV, outdoor
advertising, the new forms of media involve blogs, forums, websites, e-mails, text
messages. Advertising can be of two types: commercial and non-commercial.
Commercial advertisements usually use branding to produce increased consumption
of their product. It helps to associate a product with a certain image of high quality.
Non-commercial advertisements have nothing to do with consumer products. They
are thought to advertise political parties, religious organizations, interest groups etc.
The history of advertising is rather exciting. Perhaps, the oldest advertisers were the
Egyptians. They used either papyrus to create sales messages or left their scripts on
walls. Examples of lost-and-found advertising were found in Ancient Greece. During
the Middle Ages people have learnt to use an image associated with their trade. For
example, instead of writing the word “tailor”, they would draw a suit and tie sign at
the entrance. In the 18thcentury, when education became more affordable, people have
started printing advertisements in newspapers. The father of modern advertising is
Thomas J. Barratt. His slogans were created at the end of the 19th century but were
still recognizable in the 20th century. Industrialization dramatically increased
advertising in the 20th century. The tobacco industry was one of the firsts to make use
of mass production. At this stage advertising has also become one of the few careers
for women, since they were responsible for most household duties and purchasing. In
the early 1920s, with the appearance of first radio stations, many non-profit
organizations were willing to establish their own ones. Thus, the practice of program
sponsoring became popular. Each sponsor wanted his business to be mentioned
during the program. Later the same role was assigned to commercial and cable
television. However, with the advent of Internet a lot has changed. Since 1990s, many
advertisers started contributing into “dot-com” boom, as the Internet opened new
frontiers of marketing for them. Read and complete the tasks.
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Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. Companies usually advertise products for the purpose of selling them, and this is
called marketing communication.
2. The purpose of advertising is to catch the client’s attention.
3. Commercial advertising is aimed at advertising political parties, religious
organizations, interest groups, and more.
4. Since 1990s, many advertisers started contributing into “dot-com” boom, as the
Internet opened new frontiers of marketing for them.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. Advertising is usually (pay) by sponsors and (transmit) via mass media.
2. In business marketing communication (use) to encourage, reassure and even
manipulate an audience or a specific group.
3. Instead of (write) the word “tailor”, advertisers (draw) a suit and tie sign at the
entrance.
4. Industrialization dramatically (increase) advertising in the 20th century.
5. Companies usually (advertise) products in order to sell them and it (call)
commercial offering.
Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Could Should Would
Can May Have to).
1. Companies ….. advertise products for selling them, and this is called a
commercial offer.
2. In business, marketing communication ….. be used to encourage, reassure, and
even manipulate an audience or a certain group.
3. Traditional media ….. include newspapers, television, outdoor advertising, new
forms of media include blogs, forums, websites, email, text messages.
4. Commercial advertising usually uses branding to increase the consumption of its
products, this ….. help to associate the product with a certain high-quality
image.
5. Since the 1990s, many advertisers ….. been forced to contribute to the dot-com
boom, as the Internet has opened up new frontiers of marketing for them.
Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If the sponsors' business (mention) during the program, then the practice of
sponsoring programs will become popular.
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2. If education had not become more accessible in the 18th century, people
3. (not start) printing advertisements in newspapers.
4. If commercial advertising (use) branding to increase the consumption of its
products, it will help to associate the product with a certain high-quality image.
5. If the advertising message (not be) absorbing, it doesn’t appeal to the masses.
6. The company (be) more successful if it spent more money on advertising.
Тест 1
Вариант 3
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
The role of the media in the distribution of advertising
The mass media, in addition to the function of informing readers about current
events, have assumed the function of servicing manufacturers of goods and services,
distributing advertising on the pages of newspapers and magazines.
With the emergence of mass media channels — high-circulation newspapers,
magazines, electronic media - the media is increasingly being considered as a
platform for the rapid and effective dissemination of information about a product, a
manufacturing company.
With the development of market relations and the emergence of a dense
competitive environment both in the media market and among manufacturers of
goods and services, advertising agencies also fit into the structure of the advertising
process. Initially, they were only intermediaries who guided the advertiser in the
difficult media market, selected the necessary advertising media for him and carried
out placement in them, for which they received a kind of commission from the
publications in the form of an agency discount. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries,
advertising agencies began to realize that the advertiser's needs are not limited to
media placement, and additionally began to undertake the performance of a whole
range of work for the advertiser. The mass media occupy a central role in the
advertising process, entering into direct and indirect relationships with advertising
agencies, distributors and, of course, consumers. At the same time, it should be noted
that the consumer, taking a newspaper or magazine, turning on the radio or TV, does
not set himself the goal of getting acquainted with advertising at all. The consumer is
primarily interested in the information presented in the media, with the help of which
he intends to learn something, or identify himself with the outside world, or, finally,
just have fun, pass the time. Whether or not advertising will be noticed and perceived
by them depends largely on the marketing efforts of the media.
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Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. The mass media, have assumed the function of servicing manufacturers of goods
and services, distributing advertising on the pages of newspapers and magazines.
2. At the turn of the XIX—XX centuries, mass media agencies began to realize
that the advertiser's needs were not limited to media placement.
3. With the development of market relations and the emergence of a dense
competitive environment both in the media market and among manufacturers of
goods and services, advertising agencies also fit into the structure of the
economy of a number of states.
4. Тhe mass media occupy a central role in the advertising process, entering into
direct and indirect relationships with advertising agencies, distributors and, of
course, consumers.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. This company (be) our intermediary in the difficult media market by the end of
next year.
2. They (already, receive) a kind of commission from the publications in the form
of an agency discount.
3. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, advertising agencies (begin) to realize that
the advertiser's needs are not limited to media placement.
4. While the consumer (watch) a new ad, marketers (prepare) another idea for
implementation.
5. He (help) me to write a slogan when the electricity (switch off).
Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Must Should Would
Can May Have to).
1. The mass media, in addition to the function of informing readers about current
events ..… take over the function of servicing manufacturers of goods and
services.
2. With the advent of mass media channels, mass media ….. be considered as a
platform for the rapid and effective dissemination of information about a
product, a manufacturing company.
3. With the development of market relations, advertising agencies ..… fit into the
structure of the advertising process.
4. Mass media ….. enter into direct and indirect relationships with advertising
agencies, distributors and, of course, consumers.
5. Whether the advertisement will be noticed and perceived by the consumer or not
….. depend on the marketing efforts of the media.
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Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If only the advertising process (be) only an intermediary, advertising Media
(receive) a kind of commission from publications in the form of an agency discount.
2. If they had mentioned this yesterday, everything (do).
3. We (sell) our business if it makes another loss this year.
4. If marketing efforts are made, the advertisement (notice) and (perceive) by the
consumer.
5. If the employees of a company are happy, they (work) harder.
Тест 1
Вариант 4
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
The advertising process and advertising agencies as its participants.
The basis of the organization of advertising activities is an advertising program
that determines the direction of the advertising impact forms an advertising idea and
plans a variation of advertising performances. At the same time, advertising should
provide targeted work on the sale of goods and the formation of customer demand. Its
peculiarity lies in the continuity of the impact on the consumer and the constant
updating of the content. The modern advertising process consists of research work,
organizational work on the implementation of advertising programs.
An advertising agency performs creative and performing functions related to the
creation of unique and promotional materials. Thus, an advertising agency conducts
complex advertising campaigns and individual advertising events, interacts with
production bases, with other advertising and publishing companies, including foreign
ones, communicates with advertising distribution media, places orders for advertising
publication in them, controls the passage and quality of orders, issues invoices to the
advertiser and pays bills for advertising distribution media. A full service advertising
agency, as a rule, has a wide range of highly qualified freelance creative workers and
performers and, with significant volumes of international activity, has commercial
agents abroad.
In order for the advertising process to be sufficiently highly effective, it must be
preceded by marketing research, strategic planning and the development of tactical
decisions dictated by the advertiser's sales goals and the specific situation on the
market. It is necessary to develop an advertising strategy, which is determined by the
way the advertiser uses the creative complex.
The organization of the advertising process is aimed at ensuring the achievement
70
of mutual goals of the advertiser and the consumer, in providing the target consumer
with an advertising tool that provides an incentive reaction in relation to the
advertised product.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. At the same time, advertising should provide targeted work on the sale of goods
and the formation of customer demand.
2. The organization of the advertising process is aimed at ensuring the achievement
of mutual goals of the advertiser and the consumer.
3. The basis of the organization of advertising activity is an advertising idea.
4. The peculiarity of customer demand is the creation of unique advertising
materials.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. The basis of the organization of advertising activities is an advertising program
that (determine) the direction of the advertising impact, (form) an advertising
idea and (plan) a variation of advertising performances.
2. This kind of advertisement (be) highly effective due to the volume of sales.
3. An advertising agency (create) very unique promotional materials last week.
4. While some specialists (involve) in production process, others (prepare)
advertising materials.
5. Advertising programs (never be) the only basis for organizing advertising
activities.
Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Must Should Can
Could Have to).
1 At the same time, advertising … provide targeted work on the sale of goods and
the formation of customer demand.
2 It … be preceded by marketing research, strategic planning and the development
of tactical decisions dictated by the advertiser's sales goals and the specific
situation on the market.
3 The organization of advertising activities … determine the direction of
advertising impact.
4 An advertising agency … to conduct complex advertising campaigns and
separate advertising events.
5 An advertising agency … perform creative and performing functions.
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