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Файл:English proficiency tests. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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Task 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. I (finish) fixing bugs by afternoon tomorrow.
2. These AI (release) two years ago.
3. Students already (prepare) for their course works for a couple of hours.
4. Your computer (heat up) too much. You have to clean the cooling system from
dust.
Task 4. Complete the text by putting the verbs into the correct tense of the Active or
Passive Voice.
1. A robot with a sensor (check) a new device for defects at the moment.
2. This document already (scan) for 20 minutes.
3. The code (optimize) by programmer works better.
4. Orders (customize) to meet the needs of potential buyers.
Task 5. Choose the correct modal verb.
1. You (need/could/must) optimize your code.
2. I was (may/allowed to/could) continue working on my project.
3. I was glad I not (have to/should/must) spend money on update windows.
4. You (can/have to/must) write code at term.
Task 6. Define impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive, participle objective
and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. The data divided into packets is easier to operate.
2. We were watching the working processor unit for the whole day.
3. I would rather assemble the system unit myself then buy it.
4. He was supposed to work without any work allowance.
Task 7. Translate conditional sentences and define their types.
1. I (work) in Silicon Valley if I had unique mental abilities.
2. If some threat appear on my computer, it (block) by the antivirus program
immediately.
3. If you (go) to bed earlier every night you would feel yourself much better.
4. If the bus had not been late, I (miss) your job interview.
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Тест 6
Вариант 1
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
As much as we like to go on about bio-inspired robots (and we do go on about
them), there are some things that nature has not quite figured out yet. Wheels are
almost one of those things—while some animals do roll, and have inspired robots
based on that rolling, true wheeled motion is not found in nature above the
microscopic level. When humans figured out how useful wheels were, we (among
other things) strapped them to our feet to make our motion more efficient under
certain conditions, which really showed nature who was boss. Our smug wheeled
superiority has not lasted very long, though, because robots are rapidly becoming
more skilled with wheels than we can ever hope to be.
The key difference between a human on roller skates and a robot on actuated
wheels is that the robot, if it is engineered properly, can exert control over its wheels
with a nuance that we will never be able to match. To understand why wheels and
legs together are such a game-changer for robotic mobility, we can take a look
at Animal, which seamlessly blends four legs and four wheels together with every
movement it makes.
The really cool thing here is that Animal is dynamically choosing an optimal
hybrid gait that is a fusion of powered rolling and legged stepping. It is doing this
“blind,” without any camera or lidar inputs, just based on the feel of the terrain
underneath its wheels. You can see how it transitions seamlessly between rolling and
stepping, even mid-stride, based on how much utility the wheeled motion has on a
per-leg basis—if a wheel stops being efficient, the controller switches that leg to a
stepping motion instead, while maintaining coordination with the other legs. Overall,
this makes Animal move more quickly without reducing its ability to handle
challenging terrain, and reduces its cost of transport since rolling is much more
efficient than walking.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False
1. Human on roller skates and robot on wheels can exert control over its wheels
with the same nuance.
2. If robot is engineered properly it can exert control over its wheels better than
human on roller skates.
3. Rolling is more efficient than walking that allows reducing cost of transport.
4. Animal has two legs and two wheels.
5. Robots on wheels could be quicker than on legs.
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Task 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. It (work) only under ideal conditions.
2. Professional education (decline) and the young people joining the labor force
are not up to the same standard.
3. We (go) to the new Spanish restaurant last week, but we wish we had not.
4. We (walk) along the forest road when it started snowing.
5. This is the first time I (be) late for my Chinese classes.
Task 4. Use the appropriate modal verb (Can May Have to Should Could)
1. IT security …… be broken down in to basic steps that …… simplify the
process.
2. Software-dependent food system …… become vulnerable to hackers who ……
manipulate the dosages of toxic chemicals on the fields.
3. Robots …… help us restore nature.
4. More recently, a number of robotics companies have turned their attention to
ways they …… improve the quality or yield of crops.
5. Robots ……. strictly trace your instructions.
Task 5. Define impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive, participle,
objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. Trying to minimize the importance of the discovery was of no use.
2. To construct an experiment of this kind seems nearly impossible.
3. Silicon transistors have found to be very useful for military applications for
which their high cost did not matter much.
4. Scientists are known to develop a method for producing silicon dioxide by
diffusion.
5. They are said to have various changes during that experiment.
Task 6. Put the verb in the correct form and define the type of conditional
sentences.
5. If scientists (figure) out how to overcome the problem of electron surface
states, they (develop) ways to use new technologies sooner.
6. If new technologies (appear), they (be able) to find new ways to create more
advanced transistors.
7. If a modern transistor (manufacture) earlier, we (have) technologies that are
more modern.
8. If you (pull out) the transistor from the microcircuit, it (stop) working
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Тест 6
Вариант 2
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
Roboticists from Davide Scaramuzza's Robotics and Perception Group at the
University of Zurich along with partners at Intel demonstrate a small, self-contained,
fully autonomous drone that can aggressively fly through complex environments at
speeds of up to 40kph.
The trick here, to the extent that there's a trick, is that the drone performs a direct
mapping of sensor input (from an Intel RealSense 435 stereo depth camera) to
collision-free trajectories. Conventional obstacle avoidance involves first collecting
sensor data; making a map based on that sensor data; and finally making a plan based
on that map. This approach works perfectly fine as long as you are not concerned
with getting all of that done quickly, but for a drone with limited onboard resources
moving at high speed, it just takes too long. UZH's approach is instead to go straight
from sensor input to trajectory output, which is much faster and allows the speed of
the drone to increase substantially.
The convolutional network that performs this sensor-to-trajectory mapping was
trained entirely in simulation, which is cheaper and easier but (I would have to guess)
less fun than letting actual drones hammer themselves against obstacles over and over
until they figure things out. A simulated "expert" drone pilot that has access to a 3D
point cloud, perfect state estimation, and computation that's not constrained by realtime requirements trains its own end-to-end policy, which is of course not achievable
in real life. But then, the simulated system that will be operating under real-life
constraints just learns in simulation to match the expert as closely as possible, which
is how you get that expert-level performance in a way that can be taken out of
simulation and transferred to a real drone without any adaptation or fine-tuning.
The other big part of this is making that sim-to-real transition, which can be
problematic because simulation does not always do a great job of simulating
everything that happens in the world that can screw with a robot. But this method
turns out to be very robust against motion blur, sensor noise, and other perception
artifacts. The drone has successfully navigated through real world environments
including snowy terrains, derailed trains, ruins, thick vegetation, and collapsed
buildings.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False
1. There are no fully autonomous drones invented.
2. Collecting sensor data and making a map based on these data enables drone to
develop collision-free trajectories.
3. Simulation do a great job of simulating everything that happens in the world that
can screw with a robot.
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4. Simulation is cheaper and easier than learning by doing.
5. Conventional approach of obstacle avoidance works perfectly but takes too long
for fast-moving drone.
Task 3. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
1. It is nearly twenty years since my father (see) his brother.
2. When the old lady returns to her flat she (see) at once that someone has broken
in during her absence.
3. It is the first time he (go) to England alone.
4. When he (lay) his hand on her shoulder she (cook) dinner.
5. I wonder if your granny is ill – she (get) thinner and thinner.
Task 4. Use the appropriate modal verb (Can May Should Must Need)
1. If the breach is not serious, the business or organization ….keep operating on
backup while the problem is addressed.
2. NeuralinkCorp is developing implants that .... everyday people to enhance their
cognitive abilities use one day.
3. The robot …. have the same fault-tolerance as demonstrated in simulation.
4. Our technology allows combine operators to delegate the driving so that they …
instead focus on optimizing harvesting quality.
5. I …have been down on the floor, stretched out, doing an isometric exercise
known as the plank.
Task 5. Define impersonal forms of the verbs: gerund, infinitive, participle,
objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. Learning without thought is labor lost thought without learning is perilous.
2. They established a committee for the purpose of considering the nomenclature.
3. Received results turned out to be of no importance.
4. Following their method we could obtain reliable data.
5. This technology is said to allow more complex information to be transmitted.
Task 6. Put the verb in the correct form and define the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If I (not see) you tomorrow, I (call) you.
2. If it (rain) tomorrow, our game (be) cancelled.
3. Who (you call) if you (have) a problem?
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4. How (you react) if you (see) a spider?
5. If I (do) all my work on time, I (spend) some time with my family.
Тест 6
Вариант 3
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
The first ever-powered flight by an aircraft on another planetary took place in
April when NASA's Ingenuity helicopter, delivered to the Red Planet along with
Perseverance rover, but the idea has already taken off elsewhere. Earlier this month a
prototype "Mars surface cruise drone system" developed by a team led by Bian
Chunjiang at China's National Space Science Center (NSSC) in Beijing gained
approval for further development.
Like Ingenuity, which was intended purely as a technology demonstration, it
uses two sets of blades on a single rotor mast to provide lift for vertical take-offs and
landings in the very thin Martian atmosphere, which is around 1% the density of
Earth's. The team did consider a fixed wing approach, which other space-related
research institutes in China have been developing, but found the constraints related to
size, mass, power and lift best met by the single rotor mast approach. Solar panels
charge Ingenuity's batteries enough to allow one 90-second flight per Martian day.
The NSSC team is however considering adopting wireless charging through the
rover, or a combination of both power systems. The total mass is 2.1 kilograms,
slightly heavier than the 1.8-kg Ingenuity. It would fly at an altitude of 5-10 meters,
reaching speeds of around 300 meters per minute, with a possible duration of 3
minutes per flight. Limitations include energy consumption and temperature control.
Bian proposed development of a helicopter to help guide a rover in March 2019,
which was then accepted in June that year. The idea is that by imaging areas ahead
the rover could then better select routes which avoid the otherwise unseen areas that
restrict and pose challenges to driving. The small craft's miniature multispectral
imaging system may also detect scientifically valuable targets, such as evidence of
notable compounds, that would otherwise be missed, deliver preliminary data and
direct the rover for more detailed observations.
The next steps, Bian said, will be developing the craft so as to be able to operate
in the very low atmospheric pressure and frigid temperatures of Mars as well as the
dust environment and other complex environmental variables. Bian also notes that to
properly support science and exploration goals the helicopter design life must be at
least a few months or even beyond a year on Mars. To properly test the vehicle, these
conditions will have to be simulated here on Earth. Bian says China does not
currently have facilities that can meet all of the parameters. Faced with similar
challenges for Ingenuity, Caltech graduate students built a custom wind tunnel for
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testing, and the NSSC team may likewise need to take a bespoke approach. "The next
5 to 6 years are a window for research." Bian said. "We hope to overcome these
technical problems and allow the next Mars exploration mission to carry a drone on
Mars." When the Mars aircraft could be deployed on Mars is unknown. China's first
Mars rover landed in May, but there is no backup vehicle, unlike its predecessor lunar
rover missions. The country's next interplanetary mission is expected to be a complex
and unprecedented Mars sample-return launching around 2028-2030.
Ingenuity's first flight was declared by NASA to be a "Wright Brothers
moment." Six years after the 1903 Wright Flyer, Chinese-born Feng Ru successfully
flew his own biplane. Likewise, in the coming years, China will be looking to carry
out its own powered flight on another planet.
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. To support science and exploration goals the helicopter design life should be
several days on Mars.
2. It is not possible to test the vehicle on Earth.
3. China does not currently have facilities to simulate all conditions for testing.
4. Mars aircraft could be deployed on Mars next year.
5. It is currently unclear when Mars aircraft could be deployed on Mars.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. As soon as you (finish) what you are preparing, I would like to discuss it.
2. We were hurrying because we thought that the bell (already ring).
3. By the time he retires Professor Holmes (teach) more than twenty different
courses.
4. The plane (take off) at 13.30 and (land) at 19.45.
5. These days my colleagues (spend) their holidays in Greece.
Task 4. Use the appropriate modal verb (Can May Could Must Need)
1. In fact, IT staff often record as much as they …… even when a breach is not
happening.
2. Like any other technology autonomous surgery …… sound like science fiction.
3. Blockchain also……. affect the supply chain, health care, the Internet of Things,
and more.
4. We (not)…… make robotic eels that are exactly like the real thing.
5. Having chosen to work longer hours they ..…. easily work 2 hours more than
usual.
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Task 5. Define and name the impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive,
participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1 They expected us not to change the conditions.
2 He is likely to blame others for their faults.
3 These conflicting views suffice to indicate the complexity of the problem.
4 The process is reliable if controlled by a specialist.
5 Making a decision is a complex process.
Task 6. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If I had known you were coming, I (make) a cake.
2. If you study hard, you (pass) your exams successfully.
3. Nothing changes unless we (try) to work harder.
4. If I (win) the lottery, I would donate money to charity.
5. If you (be unable) to use modern technology, this will be a serious disadvantage
when applying for a job.
Тест 6
Вариант 4
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
New advances in robotics can help push the limits of the human body to make
us faster or stronger. But now researchers from the Biorobotics Laboratory at Seoul
National University (SNU) have designed an exosuit that corrects body posture.
For instance, when attempting to lift a heavy object off the floor, most of us
stoop from the waist, which is an injury-inviting posture. The SNU device hinders the
stooping posture and helps correct it to a (safer) squatting one. "We call our
methodology 'body-powered variable impedance'," says,
Most lift-assist devices—such as Karl Zelik's ,—are designed to reduce the
wearer's fatigue by providing extra power and minimizing interference in their
volitional movements. "On the other hand, our MR Exosuit is focusing on reshaping
the wearer's lifting motion into a safe squatting form, as well as providing extra
assistive force."
The MR suit has been designed to mitigate injuries for workers in factories and
warehouses who undertake repetitive lifting work. "Many lift-related injuries are
caused not only by muscle fatigue but also by improper lifting posture," adds Keewon
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Kim, a rehabilitation medicine specialist at SNU College of Medicine, who also
contributed to the study. Stooping is easier than squatting, and humans tend to choose
the more comfortable strategy. "Because the deleterious effects of such comfortable
but unsafe motion develop slowly, people do not perceive the risk in time, as in the
case of disk degeneration."
The researchers designed a mechanism to lock the hip flexion when a person
tries to stoop and unlock it when they tried to squat. "We connected the top of the
back to the foot with a unique tendon structure consisting of vertical brake cables and
a horizontal rubber band," graduate researcher and first author of the study, Sung-Sik
Yoon, explains. "When the hip is flexed while the knee is not flexed, the hip flexion
torque is delivered to the foot through the brake cable, causing strong resistance to
the movement. However, if the knees are widened laterally for squatting, the angle of
the tendons changes and the hip flexion torque is switched to be supported by the
rubber band."
The device was tested on ten human participants, who were first-time users of
the suit. Nine out of ten participants changed their motion pattern closer to the
squatting form while wearing the exosuit. This, says Ahn, is a 35% improvement in
the average postural index of 10 participants. They also noticed a 5.3% reduction in
the average metabolic energy consumption of the participants. "We are now working
on improving the MR Exosuit in order to test it in a real manual working place," Ahn
adds. "We are going to start a field test soon."
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False.
1. Exosuit helps to make motions safer.
2. Exosuit has been designed to mitigate injuries for dancers and sportsmen.
3. Injuries could be caused by improper lifting posture.
4. The device was tested on only the one human, who was first-time user of the
suit.
5. No improvement of postural index was found during testing.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. Since I (enter) university, I have not had much spare time.
2. James Watt (invent) the steam engine a long time ago.
3. After he (research) and (write) his paper, he found some additional material.
4. While the workers (repair) the roof, they broke the bathroom window.
5. What did you do while (wait) for the others to come?
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Task 4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate modal verbs (Could Have to Should
Can May Must).
1. Neurotech includes brain implants that …… read information from the brain,
translating its electrical signals into.
2. If something goes wrong, every day they miss …… lead to a loss of 10 percent
of the yield.
3. We realized we would be facing an immense diversity of field scenes that our
neural network …… be trained to understand.
4. We have not yet seen another industrial system that ….. drive completely with
computer vision
5. There weren't any fully functional neural networks that …… detect the borders
of a crop strip or see any obstacles in it.
Task 5. Define and name the impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive,
participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. The information obtained recently is of no use.
2. Having received the data he left the premises without saying a word.
3. Beating a child will do more harm than good.
4. We were made to present all factors changing the final effect.
5. Students are expected not to miss classes.
Task 6. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If you came five minutes earlier, you (get) a seat.
2. I should not have believed you if I (not see) it with my own eye.
3. The flower (dry up) if you do not water it.
4. If the economy (not improve), many companies will be closed down.
5. The boss (be) very disappointed if you aren’t at the meeting tomorrow.
6. He would not have had a bad accident last Monday if he (drive) more carefully.
Тест 6
Вариант 5
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
The robotic eel—called AgnathaX—is a descendant of AmphiBot, which has
been swimming around at EPFL for something like two decades. AmphiBot's elegant
motion in the water has come from the equivalent what are called central pattern
generators (CPGs), which are sequences of neural circuits (the biological kind) that
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