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Файл:English proficiency tests. Учебное пособие
.pdf
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3. We would have been friends if he (not deceive) me.
4. If you (spill) water on the keyboard, it (short out).
Тест 1
Вариант 3
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
Introduction to Importance of Artificial Intelligence
In computer science and the field of computers, the word artificial intelligence
has played a very prominent role, and of late, this term has been gaining much more
popular due to the recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence and machine
learning. Machine learning is that sphere of artificial intelligence where the machines
are responsible for ending daily chores and are believed to be smarter than humans.
Robotics and integration with the IoT devices have made machines think and work on
a completely new level where they outsmart humans with their cognitive abilities and
smartness. They have been known to learn, adapt and perform in a much faster way
than what humans are supposed and programmed to do. In this article, we are going
to read about the vast importance of artificial intelligence.
Below are the important uses of artificial intelligence:
1. In the field of Medical Sciences
The artificial intelligence has made a phenomenal impact in the medical industry
and therefore changes the medical industry’s face. There have been various machine
learning algorithms and models working efficiently to predict various critical use
cases such as determining whether a particular patient has malignant or benign cancer
or tumor based on the symptoms and the health records and history. It is also being
used in future predictions where the patients are being told about their deteriorating
health and the preventions they should take to get back to a normal and healthy life.
2. In the Field of Air Transport
One of the major systematic transport in the world is air transport and there
became an urgent need to optimize the way they are operated. Here came the
involvement of artificial intelligence where the machine is involved in planning the
routes, along with flight landing and take-off charts.
The navigation maps and taxing routes, along with a quick check of the entire
cockpit panel to ensure the correct working of every component, have been
performed using artificial intelligence in many aircraft. The ultimate aim of artificial
intelligence in the field of air transport is to give humans ease and a more
comfortable journey.
3. In the field of Banking and Financial Institutions
The artificial intelligence has been playing a significant role in managing
financial transactions and also to handle numerous other activities in the bank. The
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banks’ day-to-day tasks such as transactional and financial operations, stock market
money and their management, etc. are being worked upon by these machine learning
models in a much easier and efficient way.
Use cases such as those of Anti-money laundering where the suspicious
financial transactions are being monitored and reported to the regulators is a classic
example of the use of artificial intelligence in the banking and financial industry.
4. In the Field of Gaming and Entertainment
From virtual reality games to modern games today, this is one industry where
artificial intelligence has taken the biggest leap. The bots are always present to play
with you, and therefore you are not required to have a second person to play.
The level of personal details and the graphics are also possible due to the advent
of artificial intelligence and is taking this industry on a different level.
Vocabulary:
Artificial Intelligence – искусственный интеллект
Daily chores – ежедневные обязанности
Outsmart – перехитрить
Malignant – злокачественный
Deteriorating – ухудшение
Urgently – cрочно
Involvement – участие
Take-off – взлёт
Significant – значительный
Anti-money laundering – борьба с отмыванием денег
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False
1. The term "artificial intelligence" is becoming more and more popular due to the
large number of students who want to create an artificial intelligence that would
do lab work for them.
2. Artificial intelligence can help determining malignant or benign cancer or tumor
3. based on the symptoms and the health records and history.
4. Artificial intelligence can help determining malignant or benign cancer or tumor
based on the symptoms and the health records and history.
5. Artificial intelligence is involved in planning taxi routes, but not air transport.
Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. Tomorrow we urgently (go) to our parents.
2. By the time he (come) to the office, we (negotiate) for two hours.
3. I (end) my chores by 3 o'clock.
4. In 2019, the first person (infect) COVID-19.
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Task 4. Put the verbs into the correct tense of Active or Passive Voice.
1. Simon (outsmart) the chess bot.
2. The experiment (hold) from May 2008 until August 2010.
3. The office (clean) every morning.
4. The user agreement (approve) by tomorrow morning.
Task 5. Use the appropriate modal verb.
1. You (should not /not have to/must not) distribute someone else's personal data.
2. I (can/could/may) increase the performance of the video card by losing image
quality.
3. Gareth (should/have to/must) save money to save up for a good graphics card.
4. You (have to/should/must) know which websites are safe to download files
from.
Task 6. Define and name impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive,
participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. I am looking at the photograph taken 20 years ago.
2. I consider my model for developing artificial intelligence to be the best in the
university.
3. He seems to have gained great experience in AI coding.
4. His brother is said to work at Google.
Task 7. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If the cat (be) hungry, it (need) to be fed.
2. If I (be) you, I (not download) programs from unknown resources.
3. My brother (become) a programmer if he (be) good at writing codes.
4. If I (notice) significant over-speeding, I (not involve) in an accident.
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Тест 1
Вариант 4
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
History of the Internet
The history of the Internet began with the development of computers in the
1950s and the emergence of scientific and applied concepts of global computer
networks almost simultaneously in different countries, primarily in scientific and
military laboratories in the USA, Great Britain and France. The principles on which
the Internet is built were first applied in the ARPANET, created in 1969 by order of
the American military agency DARPA. Using the developments of ARPANET, in
1989, the US National Science Foundation created the NSFNET network for
communication between universities and computing centers. Unlike the closed
ARPANET, the NSFNET connection was fairly free, and by 1992 more than 7,500
small networks were connected to it, including 2,500 outside the United States. With
the transfer of the backbone network NSFNET to commercial use, the modern
Internet appeared. Until the 1980s, computer networks were available mainly to
employees of specialized agencies, and in the 1980s, the spread of personal
computers in private use began, which gave rise to massive demand for networks. If
specialists mainly used networks for scientific and industrial tasks, then individuals
first showed an interest in personal communication and obtaining popular texts and
other files for their PCs. The first mass network technology to solve these problems
was e-mail; on its basis, in 1980, the first massive global network for the exchange of
computer information, Usenet, was created.
Vocabulary:
Simultaneously – одновременно
Primarily – в первую очередь
The backbone network – опорная сеть
Demand – требование
Obtaining – получение
Task 2. Using the text, choose the correct answer True or False
1. The history of the Internet began with the development of network technologies.
2. Until the 1980s, computer networks were mainly available to some special
categories of employees.
3. Usenet was the first mass network technology.
4. Similar concepts of global computer networks simultaneously appeared in
military laboratories of different countries.
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Task 3. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. I (finish) my work by 7 p.m.
2. These AI (release) two years ago.
3. Students (work) on essays for 3 hours already.
4. Your laptop (heat up) too much. You have to clean the cooling system from
dust.
Task 4. Put the verbs into the correct tense of Active or Passive Voice.
1. Mark Zuckerberg’s life (speak) about a lot.
2. The experiment (hold) from April 2021 until July 2022.
3. He (not know) how to deal with this project. In search of inspiration, he looked
at the older, less powerful models.
4. The decision (not make) in time, therefore, production (stop).
Task 5. Use the appropriate modal verb.
1. (Can/Could/May) you give me your account details, please?
2. I (may/ be allowed to) continue working on my project.
3. Tom (should/have to/must) save money to save up for a good house.
4. We (should/have to/must) think about our health more often.
Task 6. Define and name impersonal forms of the verb: gerund, infinitive,
participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions.
1. I have finished preparing for presentation of my project.
2. We looked at the working processor.
3. I would rather assemble the system unit myself then buy it.
4. This unit was supposed to be used only on Mondays.
Task 7. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. My computer (work) if the cable (plug) correctly.
2. I really (assist) her if she (be) here.
3. If people (have) the ability to stop time, we (live) forever.
4. If I (have) an antivirus application, viruses (not attack) and (spoil) my
computer.
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Тест 2
Вариант 1
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
Scottish physicist Robert Alexander Watson-Watt invented radar exactly 100
years ago. The method of using radio waves to locate objects has steadily evolved
since then. Radar has repeatedly benefited from advances in radio technology,
including digital modulation, beam forming with phased array antennas and the
extension of the usable frequency range to the millimeter wave band. Today, short
range radars for vehicles are produced in large numbers and are only as large as the
palm of your hand. Radars for military applications utilize all available technologies
to achieve information superiority and have to be able to handle complex signal
scenarios. Since security and lives often depend on radars functioning properly, it is
essential that they undergo extensive tests in development labs and in the field. No
special radar T&M equipment is required for these tests. The articles in this issue of
NEWS show that intelligently configured standard RF instruments – provided they
are top-end in terms of performance – can supply the necessary information.
Oscilloscopes are the right tools for testing vehicle radars that operate in the 80 GHz
frequency range. Thanks to their multichannel design, they act as phase coherent
receivers to compare up to four paths of a radar antenna array. The performance of
radar receivers for electronic support measures must be verified in field tests. This
requires radar simulators that subject the receivers to realistic signal scenarios. A
small system based on the R&S®SMW200A vector signal generator provides the
necessary signals. In a live demo at the EW show in Estonia, receiver manufacturers
took advantage of the opportunity to test their receivers with these signals.
Task 2. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. An alternating magnetic field (form) an alternating current.
2. In 1885, the oscillometer (create) by the Russian physicist Robert Kolly.
3. He (walk) 3,400 kilometers from Moscow to Novosibirsk.
4. The memory (allocate) using the malloc function.
5. Stack overflow (cause) the program to crash.
Task 3. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate modal verb (Need Should May Can
Must)
1. The high-speed serial pattern trigger, which … be activated via license key, …
extract the clock frequency of a high speed 8 Gbit/s or 16 Gbit/s bit stream and
use this reference to trigger on bit streams up to 160 bits.
2. The history function in the oscilloscope … be used to access previous
waveforms in the acquisition memory in order to deduce the root cause of the
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error, which … involve other signals such as the supply voltage.
3. Government authorities and private companies that handle restricted information
… an IT security environment that is approved for this purpose.
4. For protocol data decoding, the measurement bandwidth … match the data rate
of the interface being tested.
5. Before radars … be deployed in autonomous vehicles or used to locate targets in
the air or at sea, they … be thoroughly tested.
Task 4. Find all the impersonal forms of the verbs in the text such as gerund,
infinitive, participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions and define
them.
Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If the source is relatively distant, it can (locate) by mobile direction finding from
a vehicle.
2. If the oscilloscope (configure) to stop on violation, it (terminate) acquisition
for further analysis.
3. If the main power supply (fail), the amplifier (switch) automatically to the
backup power supply without interrupting it.
4. If the platform (prove) to be commercially successful, we (expect) a new
transmitters to be produced.
5. If all the major factors (know), nothing serious (happen) with this kind of
production before.
Тест 2
Вариант 2
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
A vulnerability in the open source Apache logging library Log4Shell sent system
administrators and security professionals over the weekend. Known as Log4Shell, the
flaw is exposing some of the world's most popular applications and services to attack,
and the outlook has not improved since the vulnerability became known on Thursday.
If anything, it is now excruciatingly clear that Log4Shell will continue to wreak
havoc across the internet for years to come.
Hackers have been exploiting the bug since the beginning of the month,
according to researchers from Cisco and Cloudflare. But attacks ramped up
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dramatically following Apache's disclosure on Thursday. So far, attackers have
exploited the flaw to install crypto miners on vulnerable systems, steal system
credentials, burrow deeper within compromised networks, and steal data, according
to a recent report from Microsoft.
The range of impacts is so broad because of the nature of the vulnerability itself.
Developers use logging frameworks to keep track of what happens in a given
application. To exploit Log4Shell, an attacker only needs to get the system to log a
strategically crafted string of code. From there they can load arbitrary code on the
targeted server and install malware or launch other attacks. Notably, hackers can
introduce the snippet in seemingly benign ways, like by sending the string in an email
or setting it as an account username.
Major tech players, including Amazon Web Services, Microsoft, Cisco, Google
Cloud, and IBM have all found that at least some of their services were vulnerable
and have been rushing to issue fixes and advise customers about how best to proceed.
The exact extent of the exposure is still coming into view, though. Less fastidious
organizations or smaller developers who may lack resources and awareness will be
slower to confront the Log4Shell threat.
Task 2. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. The computer (clean) every month to prevent breakdowns.
2. She (ask) her students to prepare questions for the next lesson.
3. The engine (run) now.
4. This code (write) by our student.
5. The teacher already (give) a task for the next week.
Task 3. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate modal verb (Need Should Be able to
Can Will)
1. Chances are you do not … footage this good, but it sure is fun and offers
incredible results if you … afford it.
2. Still, the variable aperture controls are easy to use, and you … customize the
settings to suit your workflow.
3. More interesting, DJI claims the vision sensors … help track movement and
even … locate the subject … it disappear from the frame.
4. This … get you the best-looking video footage from a consumer drone.
5. We … call this vaporware, but it is become par for the course with camera and
device makers.
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Task 4. Find the impersonal forms of the verbs in the text such as gerund,
infinitive, participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions and define
them.
Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If you mainly (use) a drone to take high-quality photos and videos, you (find) a
better one.
2. If you (buy) something using links in our stories, you (earn) a commission.
3. If you (act) on a piece of metal with an electric field, it (electrify).
4. If he (turn in) the lab work on time, I (not/go) to the exam.
5. If I (be) you, I (not/touch) uranium with bare hands.
Тест 2
Вариант 3
Task 1. Read and translate the text.
For Windows users, it’s been a rough year for security vulnerabilities and
patches. Now, my view about these kinds of problems is always a bit jaded. I pay
attention to what people post about on the Askwoody forums, and they typically do
not say much if they have no problems. All I see are people with issues, not those
with systems that install patches and reboot just fine.
That said, Windows servicing still genuinely concerns me at times. Before I look
ahead to 2022, I want to dwell a bit on where we are now.
When Windows 10 misbehaves and balks at installing updates, the solution is
not always easy. Case in point: having to use the DISM technique to get a
misbehaving Windows system back on track. I have seen Microsoft support engineers
use this to get Windows servers into patchable condition when there is no easy way to
reinstall the OS or do an in-place repair over the top. However, no one should have to
rely on near-critical surgery techniques to get updates installed. Windows users
should be able to use a sfc/scannow or plain DISM commands to repair their OS.
What is behind these update issues? In my experience, the failure often involves
registry cleaners or third-party programs that damage the installer software. That
should not happen, and yet it does. Annoyingly so.
Faced with this kind of problem, server administrators often must choose
whether to “spin up” a new operating system — and move the roles or duties to
another server — or turn to DISM commands. My recommendation to admins? Set
up your deployment so you do not cringe when thinking of rebuilding any particular
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server. Build in resilience so you can quickly move files and roles between servers if
a platform runs into update troubles. In addition, limit your use of third-party tools.
Task 2. Determine the time. Use the correct tense of the verb.
1. In this team, all laboratory work (perform) perfectly.
2. The turing machine (propose) by Alan Turing in 1936 to formalize the concept
of an algorithm.
3. I (buy) a computer for studying online soon.
4. The teacher (not/expect) high results from me at the final test.
5. I just (implement) an algorithm for finding the minimum number in an array.
Task 3. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate modal verb (Need to be able to Can
Must to be allowed to)
1. You … to know English to communicate with our sponsors.
2. Thanks to us, you … buy bonds of the largest companies for the lowest price on
the market.
3. He had a hard day at work today, now he . . . take a little break.
4. You … finish the project by Thursday
5. You … stay in that area for a long time.
Task 4. Find all the impersonal forms of the verbs in the text such as gerund,
infinitive, participle, objective and subjective infinitive constructions and define
them.
Task 5. Put the verb in the correct form and determine the type of conditional
sentences.
1. If the density of the body (be) less than the density of water, then it (float).
2. If I (be) a programmer, I (work) remotely and (travel) around the world.
3. If he (have) a twin brother, they (have) fun together.
4. If there (be) a required video card in the store, I (replace) my old one.
5. If my sister (succeed) in music, she (write) books for children.
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