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Файл:English for the Humanities. Английский язык для бакалавров гуманитарного профиля. Учебное пособие
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Writing
Task 1. Read an essay about the importance of the English language in your future
career. Write your own essay on the significance of English in your career (200–
250 words)
English in My Future Career
Nowadays we can’t imagine a highly qualified specialist without any knowledge of a
foreign language. Foreign languages are required in all spheres of our life. And the
profession of biotechnologist is not an exception.
Biotechnology is a branch of science that is rapidly gaining significance and
opportunities for youngsters who want to explore the new frontiers of science are
immense. Modern biotechnology commonly utilizes genetic engineering, the
modification of genetic material to achieve specific goals. People who are involved in
this profession read a lot, make scientific discoveries, and have a lot of scientific
publications. To be successful in this profession and to achieve greater progress, one
needs to get international experience. That’s why if these specialists want to
communicate with other scientists, to exchange ideas or to obtain an international
experiment, first of all they have to improve their English.
Knowing English can make communication easier. English is official language in 53
countries, and it is one of the official languages in many important international
organizations such as UN, EU and WTO. It is also one of the working languages at
most international business and meetings.
If you want to know more about the world and modern technology, English is a great
bridge. Most of books, magazines, newspapers and movies are in English. Going
online, most of the world's stored information and web pages are in English. English is
also the most commonly used language in the sciences. In 1997, the Science Citation
Index reported that 95% of its articles were written in English, even though only half
of them came from authors in English-speaking countries.
In a word, English is very important in our life and in our future career. Therefore,
learning English is essential in today’s Global World. If a person wants to succeed in
his chosen field he has to know English, so start to improve your English as soon as
possible.
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READING BANK
MODULE 1 HAPPY LIFESTYLE
Read and translate the text.
Render the text.
Write the opinion essay on people’s lifestyle.
Living the Luxury Lifestyle
People talk a lot about the importance of respect and compassion in love, but things
are never just black or white, particularly when it comes to complex emotions and realworld issues. There are different factors that can push people apart, things like social
background and morality, and the rules of dating can vary widely depending on the
social circles that you are moving in. When it comes to dating in high society, the
dynamics can be wildly different than what you will normally find in middle and lower
class relationships. There are a number of things that need to be taken into account,
and while it ultimately comes down to a person’s personal preference, some interesting
patterns do emerge when we analyze the dating habits of powerful men and women.
Most wealthy men don’t look for partners within their social circles. It is a common
misbelief that those privileged few who live luxurious lifestyles have it easy, but
successful self-made millionaires are ambitious people who focus a lot of time and
effort into their work, and don’t have much time for dating. It is often the same burning
ambition and strong work ethics, which make a successful businessman, that prevent a
person from having a very active social life, outside drinks with close friends and
business associates. In fact, if we look at some of the numbers provided by specialized
millionaire dating sites, we can see that a majority of rich and successful men actually
seek out women who are not as financially independent. The powerful men the world
over seem to gravitate towards women that allow them to play the role of a protector
and provider, and it’s not just an ego boost – some men have a strong need to fulfill
this role due to both genetic factors and a strict patriarchal upbringing.
Strong financially independent women are much more likely to be attracted to wealthy
and powerful men. The same male-female dynamics apply here — women generally
prefer to date high status men, someone who not only projects confidence, but
commands respect from others. The powerful high society lady prefers a gentleman
and a leader, a cultured and capable man who knows his way around the finer
establishments in town. While there are certainly examples of wealthy women dating
less well-off younger men, there is a clear distinction between the type of partner that
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is suitable as eye candy or a fling, and the type of partner is serious relationship
material.
There tends to be a little bit more of a strategic approach to dating when it comes to
high class women, i.e. these women don’t just need a sexually and emotionally
compatible partner, they also need someone who understands their way of life, a strong
ally who they will be proud to be associated with. It is interesting to note that these
preferences are characteristic of both old money and the nouveau riche, which indicates
that some basic rules of attraction permeate all levels of society.
Powerful and confident women can have a hard time finding the right man. Just as very
tall women have trouble finding a guy who doesn’t have to go on his tippy toes to give
them a kiss, confident and powerful women can have a bit of trouble finding a man that
can both buy them a nice expensive gift from time to time, but at the same time feel
confident enough to open up to their woman and treat her like an equal. There is a lot
to be said about the insecurities that can surface in the mind of a man who's feeling of
self-worth is threatened by the inability to impress a woman by providing for her.
Managing the many obligations of a successful entrepreneur and a socialite doesn’t
leave you with a lot of time for finding a compatible life partner. To make matters
worse, the things that wealthy men and wealthy women are looking for in a partner are
wildly dissimilar – most of the wealthy men look for beautiful younger women that
they can take care off, while most wealthy women want a powerful man who isn’t
threatened by their success. There are fewer suitable options within the same social
circles for both men and women, so it takes a lot more effort and strategic thinking to
make things work.
MODULE 2 EDUCATION
Read and translate the text.
Render the text.
Write the opinion essay on Freshers’ week in British universities.
What is Freshers’ Week?
In British universities, new students have a special name: they are called Freshers, a
shortened version of the American word ‘Freshman’. After their A-level exams, young
people often make a fresh start by going to university, which can involve moving to a
new city and leaving their family home. The first week of university life in the UK is
called Freshers’ Week and is both a scary and exciting experience.
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Freshers’ week is a chance to make lots of new friends and try out different hobbies.
Most universities in the UK have a Union building: a place where students go to have
fun. It is the perfect place to meet friends and join university societies. I go to Leeds
University, which has one of the best Unions in the country. It has a supermarket, a gift
shop, two bars and even three underground nightclubs. It also hosts over 300 societies,
including sports teams, political groups and a university newspaper. Students buy a
membership to be part of a society and go to social events to meet others with similar
interests. Sometimes there are quite a lot of students in lectures so it is difficult to get
to know people in class. Therefore, each subject has its own club, for example the
English Society and the Philosophy society.
In Freshers’ week, lots of special activities are organised for people to meet each other.
Tours of the town, creative workshops and parties are great ways to socialise with other
Freshers. Sometimes famous singers come and play concerts especially for the new
students of the university. There is also the opportunity to go on trips to theme parks
or other big cities nearby.
Students often move into ‘halls of residence’ in their first year. They are placed in
apartments with a few other new students and usually have their own bedrooms but
share a kitchen. This is an excellent way to make friends but sometimes it can be
difficult if you don’t get along with your new flatmates or if the shared area gets very
messy.
Freshers’ Week can be quite an exhausting experience because so many activities
happen at once. A lot of students feel homesick when they first arrive on campus and
keep themselves very busy to avoid feeling sad about leaving their family. Some
students use their new liberty to drink a lot of alcohol and eat unhealthy food during
Freshers’ week. This can cause ‘Freshers’ flu’: people get ill after a week of late nights
and non-stop parties. It is very easy to feel peer pressure during this time because
people say it is supposed to be the best week of your life. It is an opportunity to make
friends but it is important to remember that it is only the beginning of your time at
university and that you have three years ahead of you to have fun.
What is a gap year?
A ‘gap year’ is a period of time, usually an academic year, when a student takes a break
from formal education. It is often spent travelling or working.
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Why?
People used to think that taking a gap year was negative. In the past you took a gap
year if you had to retake exams or had problems between finishing school and starting
higher education and then starting a career. But now, universities positively encourage
a gap year and employers are happy to give jobs to students who take a gap year. A
year out between school or college and higher education or employment, or between
higher education and a job, can give young people useful learning experiences, help
them pick up new skills and make them more independent. Employers and universities
want to see evidence of enterprise, maturity and commitment both in and outside
formal education.
When?
Young people in formal education usually take a gap year when they are about 18 years
old, before going to university. They can also be taken at a different time, for example,
by someone who wants to break up their degree course or to do something different
before a postgraduate course.
Where and what?
Many gap year students choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in
the mountains in Nepal, a conservation project in Madagascar, an expedition in Costa
Rica or an internship in Japan. There are plenty of gap year volunteer work options to
choose from. There is also voluntary work closer to home for British students – both
geographically and culturally — including the UK, Europe and North America.
Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world. According to the British
government’s Gap Year website, the top five gap year travel destinations recently have
been Tibet, Indonesia, Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada. Popular gap year activities
for young people looking for adventure include surfing in Hawaii, wake boarding in
Italy, kite surfing in Egypt or bungee jumping in New Zealand.
What about money?
Most students who are planning a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the
trip. Some young people look for work when they get to their destination if they need
to earn money to pay for accommodation, food and their other expenses. Popular jobs
include bar work, fruit picking and being a tour guide. A gap year doesn’t have to be a
full year travelling or having adventures: some students travel for three or six months
then work for the rest of the year.
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Organising a gap year
Because the gap year is so popular and needs to be cheap, travel companies now offer
structured gap packages where your entire trip is worked out for you. There are three
main categories of a structured gap year activity:
• Expeditions, often with a conservation element and usually to developing countries
• Courses to learn a skill such as a language or something that they can later teach others
to do, for example windsurfing
• Voluntary work in the UK and abroad.
An African experience
Julie Taylor graduated from Hull University. She now works as a manager in an
international company. Julie tells us about her gap year:
During my gap year, I taught in a primary school in Kenya. I spent four months
teaching children aged 8 to 18 in English, Art and Physical Education and I coached
the school's netball team. As well as working, I also travelled the country and even
climbed Mount Kenya. The trip was one of the best experiences of my life. I’m very
happy that I didn’t head off to university straight after school because I learnt a lot
about myself in my year out. I was able to get by on very little money and to deal with
problems without the support of my family and friends.
My trip to Africa also looks great on my CV. I worked to save up for the trip, which
showed my employer that I had good self-motivation and organisational skills, which
are essential in any job. My interviewers were really interested in how I managed to
teach classes of 88 children (with lots of enthusiasm and promises of netball after
class!). Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m up Mount Kenya shows
self-motivation, strength and determination. Not everybody can put that on their CV.
The future
The British government has recently put up tuition fees for university degree courses.
Students may have to pay many thousands of pounds a year for their education. How
will these changes affect the gap year for future British students?
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MODULE 3 MY UNIVERSITY AND FACULTY
Read and translate the text.
Render the text.
Write the opinion essay on
How Important Is a College Education?
Getting a good job, buying a luxurious house and raising a family- all of these starts
after you go through College education. Taking admission in a reputed college is the
dream of every Indian student. A college degree opens up new opportunities for a
person as it contributes to their social and intellectual growth. The students get
benefitted if they manage to go to reputed Universities as it, later on, helps them in
pitching for skilled jobs or higher studies. Here are five important reasons why you
should always go for the college education.
Financial Security
Money is one of the most significant driving force behind people who opt for the
college education. If one manages to bag a postgraduate or PhD degree postgraduation, they can get reputed jobs at good packages. The recent surveys clearly
indicate that high school pass outs do not prosper as much as the Graduates or
postgraduates do. There are many courses available today in the education line. The
salary amount largely depends on upon the field and the qualifications of a person.
Poornima University, which is the most popular Rajasthan University, offers a variety
of courses from B.com, Engineering to Architecture. You can pursue any of the fields
in which you hold interest.
Job Benefits
Most of the companies today provide a lot of benefits to their employees to keep them
happy and satisfied. The benefits include- house allowances, travel allowances,
retirement benefits, health care cards for the family and many other perks. This helps
the employees in taking care of their family’s needs especially in the case of the health
problems that we witness all around us today. But the people who get these benefits
are usually graduates and postgraduates. Sometimes the salary of an employee is less
than what he takes back home as benefits. The ones who skip College Education might
be missing on a lot of such benefits.
Career opportunities
A college education teaches discipline to a student. They understand the concept of
teamwork, understand the importance of communication and go through a
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comprehensive learning. Attending a college paves the way for a better career. Many
students when they enter college are often confused about what they want to do in life,
but by the time they step out all their doubts get clarified. Poornima University, which
is the top private University in Jaipur, inculcates skills in their students by imparting
quality education and by creating a vibrant learning atmosphere through a lot of extracurricular activities. College Education teaches you how to do analytical thinking; how
to understand the complexities and above all how to communicate your innovative
ideas to your colleagues and peers which people who never went to college can never
excel in!
A future investment
What you pay for college is an investment that helps you in reaping profitable benefits
in future. A college degree broadens the thinking of a person, and they set goals and
targets for themselves. College is tough and tiring, but it prepares you for the challenges
that can, later on, help you in getting success in this hardcore competitive world!
Always go for College education, for what you will learn and develop in there, can
never be taught to you outside!
MODULE 4 CAREERS
Read and translate the text.
Render the text.
Write the opinion essay on
Future of Work: What Job Roles Will Look Like in 10 Years
Will technology kill jobs and aggravate inequality, or bring in more significant work
and healthier societies? This question has worried humankind ever since technological
advancement took over certain manual jobs. The services of a clock keeper, film
projectionist, switchboard operator, etc. were no longer required once we developed
better technology. The question still remains as is, what will the future of work look
like?
Firstly, there will be “Places to Work” - the best workplaces will have different quiet
areas so that workers have choices to where they want to work, eliminating assigned
seating altogether. Secondly, there will be smaller corporations. With so much
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opportunity for collaborations, there will be no need to build a costly big business.
Thirdly, companies will have less hierarchy- everyone will be a leader. Work will
thrive in teams, not with dictators. Then, there will be a big emphasis on wellnessoffices will be much healthier environments, whether that’s good lighting, relaxation
areas, sleeping rooms, music, pets at work, etc. Moreover, flexible floor plans are
supposed to be introduced. When workers arrive at their office building, wearable
devices will let them know what floor to go to, that can be changed based on sensor
data. Do you like the idea that there won’t be any physical desks; employees will just
park themselves anywhere and have a simulated office before their eyes. All workers
at all levels will be using robotic helpers in the future like Siri or Alexa, to sort through
incoming email, schedule meetings, create spreadsheets, etc. Most meetings will take
place between different groups of workers in multiple locations, allowing seamless
sharing of ideas and brainstorming across time zones. Finally, informal get-togethers
will take place via virtual and augmented reality headsets.
What are the most in-demand skills for the future of work?
McKinsey Global Institute’s research report has highlighted the top three skill sets
workers will need to secure the best careers for the future. These most in-demand skills
for the future are:
• Higher cognitive. These include advanced literacy and writing, critical thinking, and
quantitative analysis and statistical skills. Doctors, accountants, research analysts,
and writers use these.
• Social and emotional. These include advanced communication, empathy, to be
adaptable, and the ability to learn continuously. Business development,
programming, and counselling require these skills. These jobs are also amongst the
best careers for the next ten years.
• Technological. This includes everything from basic to advanced IT skills, data
analysis, and engineering. These future skills are likely to be the most highly paid.
Analyzing the major technological and business trends today, specialists propose the
best jobs/careers to emerge over the next 10 years. The list will include:
1. Virtual Store Sherpa - will focus on customer satisfaction through virtually advising
customers using the knowledge of the product line.
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2. Personal Data Broker- will ensure consumers receive revenue from their data. The
broker will establish prices and execute trades.
3. Personal Memory Curator- will consult with patients and stakeholders to generate
specifications for virtual reality experiences.
4. Augmented Reality Journey Builder- will collaborate with talented engineers and
technical artists to develop vital elements for clients.
5. Highway Controller- will monitor automated road and air space management
systems to ensure no errors occur.
6. Body part maker- will create living body parts for athletes and soldiers.
7. Nano-medic- will transform healthcare.
8. GM or recombinant farmer- will transform farming and livestock.
9. Elderly wellness consultant- will cater to the physical and mental needs of the
elderly.
10. Memory augmentation surgeon- will boost patients' memory when it hits capacity.
11. New science' ethicist- will ford the river of progress.
12. Space pilots, tour guides, and architects- will allow pilots, tour guides, and
architects to live in lunar outposts.
Find a career domain that suits you and sign-up for a course that can help you gain the
right skills. In conclusion it’s worth saying “Choose a job you love and you will never
have to work a day in your life”.
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