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Файл:English for the Humanities. Английский язык для бакалавров гуманитарного профиля. Учебное пособие
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When you see a pretty blond with curly hair and blue eyes you think that she is kind,
clever and intelligent. It may be disappointing to discover later that she is stupid,
capricious and impolite.
On the contrary, a plain brunette is often clever, tolerant and polite. You look at her
and think “What charm! A heart of gold!”
Nature likes to play tricks on us. But don’t you think it is a present from nature? Life
becomes not a boring routine, but a brilliant kaleidoscope of characters and
appearances which often clash.
Task 2. Write an essay on your point of view about your character and
appearance. The questions below will help you. Write 200–250 words
1. How important is a person's appearance?
2. What could you do to improve your appearance?
3. When is your appearance most important?
4. Has your appearance ever made you feel bad all day?
5. Is it rude to tell someone that they need to improve their appearance?
6. How often do you check your appearance in the mirror?
7. How often do you talk about other people's appearances?
8. Are people obsessed by appearance today?
9. Is what's on the inside more important than what's on the outside?
10. Is appearance more important in politics or show business?
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MODULE 2
EDUCATION
The function of education is to
teach one to think intensively
and to think critically.
Intelligence plus character that is the goal of true
education.
Рисунок 4
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Starting Up
Task 1. Discuss these questions
• What is good education?
• Is the level of education in your country good?
• What would you like to change about education system of your country?
• When does education begin?
• What do you think about single-sex education?
• What do you think of the idea of lifelong education?
Task 2. Listen to people talking about teacher-student issues. Match speakers
A–F with photos 1–6
1. Earning money for education has its
minuses.
Рисунок 5
2. These two things can change the
teacher’s motivation.
Рисунок 6
3. Money is not all that matters to the
devoted teacher.
4. Teachers can also learn from their
students.
Рисунок 7
Рисунок 8
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5. Even the best of teachers can’t be
effective without students’ input
6. Students’ true interest in the subject is
the best reward for the teacher.
Рисунок 9
Рисунок 10
Vocabulary
Task 1. Match the words in the first column with their Russian translations in
the second column
1. a full time student
2. a part-time student
3. an applicant
4. a vice rector
5. a dean
6. a subdean
7. a head of the department
8. an associate professor
9. a high academic degree
10. a senior lecturer
11. a tutor
12. a student membership card
13. a student record book
14. a schedule
15. a curriculum
16. an assignment
17. a synopsis — synopses
18. a crib
19. a graduation dissertation
20. a final
1. абитуриент
2. заместитель декана
3. студент дневного отделения
4. старший преподаватель
5. расписание
6. заведующий кафедрой
7. зачетная книжка
8. учебная программа
9. студент вечернего отделения
10. высшая научная степень
11. проректор
12. дипломная работа
13. декан
14. шпаргалка
15. доцент
16. выпускной экзамен
17. студенческий билет
18. конспект — конспекты
19. задание
20. преподаватель, ведущий
практические занятия; тьютер
Remember the proverb! That early bird that catсhes the worm.
23
Task 2. Match the words in the first column (see task 1) with the descriptions.
Practise saying complete sentences like in the model:
the head of the faculty →the dean
The head of the faculty is the dean.
1. A person who left school and is going to enter the university;
2. An exam which a student takes in the end of the fifth year;
3. A short note of a lecture;
4. A document which tells students what subjects they have to study;
5. A timetable;
6. A document with student’s grades and credits;
7. A student who studies five or six days a week;
8. A university teacher who gives tutorials;
9. A university teacher with a high academic degree;
10. A university teacher without a high academic degree
Task 3. Work in pairs. Answer the following questions
1. Who is the dean of your faculty?
2. Who is your tutor in English?
3. Where can students know the time and classroom where lectures, seminars and
tutorials take place?
4. What do lazy students use illegally at exams?
5. Who is the subdean of your faculty?
Task 4. Match the English word partnerships with their Russian equivalents
1. to enter the university
2. to graduate from the university
a) быть исключенным из
университета
3. to cope with the work load of college
4. to lag behind
5. to keep pace with
6. to catch up with
b) поступить в университет
c) справиться с нагрузкой
d) отставать
e) идти в ногу с
f). получать зачет
7. to be expelled from the university g) обманывать, жульничать
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8. to get a credit
h) закончить университет
9. to cheat
10. to surf the Net
i) нагонять, наверстывать
j) работать в интернете
Task 5. Answer the questions
1) What happens to a student who can’t pass his exams?
2) What should a person do in order to become a first-year student?
3) What must a student get before he is allowed to take exams?
4) What happens to a student who is ill or doesn’t attend classes?
5) What should a student do in order not to be expelled from the university?
Task 6. Translate the dialogue from Russian into English. Practise it and learn
by heart
— Привет, Лена! Рада тебя видеть. Как дела?
— Привет, Бетти. У меня все хорошо. Я студентка дневного отделения
университета.
— Как здорово! Какие у тебя впечатления от первых месяцев учёбы?
— Замечательные! У нас интересные лекции, семинары и практические
занятия. Все наши профессоры и доценты имеют высшие научные степени, они
также отзывчивые, но требовательные люди. В расписании пока не слишком
много новых предметов, но это ещё только первый курс!
— Ты справляешься с нагрузкой?
— Да, я ведь регулярно посещаю занятия и выполняю домашние задания
вовремя. А, ты где учишься?
— Я не учусь, я работаю. Но я хочу поступить на вечернее отделение (стать
студенткой вечернего отделения).
— В какой университет ты планируешь поступать?
— Я думаю, что в Университет Культуры на факультет туризма. Мои родители
одобряют мой выбор.
— Я тоже думаю, что это прекрасная идея! Удачи тебе, Бетти. До встречи.
— Пока.
25
Task 8. Match the phrasal verbs in the text with the definitions
1) pick up
2) break up
3) take on
4) save up
5) work out
6) head off
7) get by
8) put up
a) divide into smaller sections
b) acquire, learn
c) save money
d) start a new project or job
e) plan, organize
f) go
g) survive, live
h) increase in price
Task 9. Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb
pick up head off break up take on save up work out get by put up
1. Did you ………………………… any Spanish while you were working in Spain?
2. You can take a gap year before you ……………………. to university?
3. Why don’t you take a gap year to ……………. your degree if you want a change?
4. I need some money so I might ………………. a part-time job in a shop.
5. They had to ………………….. for the trip by working at the weekends.
6. It’s a good idea to……………….… exactly what you want to do in your gap year.
7. Did you ………………….. on the money you saved or did you have to find a job?
8. If they ………………………. the prices again, how will we pay for our education?
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Task 10. Task 10. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form
a word that fits in the space in the same line
SCHOOL REPORT
Margaret started English Literature this term, and I am afraid
that her (1) …introduction … to the subject has not been
entirely (2) …………. . She has not shown much enthusiasm,
and does not always pay (3) ………….. in class. Her
assignments are often (4) ……..………., because she is so
untidy, and because of her (5) ………..…… to check her work
1. INTRODUCE
2. SUCCESS
3. ATTEND
4.
READ
5.
FAIL
thoroughly. She failed to do any (6) ………… before the end
6.
REVISE
of term test, and had poor results. She seems to have the
(7) …………… idea that she can succeed without studying. She
has also had many (8) …………….. has frequently arrived late
for class. This has resulted in several (9)…………….. .
Although Margaret is a (10) ………. student in some respects
7. MISTAKE
8. ABSENT
9. PUNISH
,
10. GET
she has not had a satisfactory term.
Task 11. Translate from Russian into English
1. Том — мой друг. Он студент дневного отделения. У него уже есть зачетная
книжка, студенческий билет и читательский билет.
2. Том — прилежный студент. Он посещает лекции, семинары и практические
занятия. Том — ответственный, надёжный и умный, поэтому я его очень уважаю.
3. Том успешно справляется с нагрузкой и не отстает от программы.
4. Мы с Томом не прогуливаем занятия.
5. Нам нравится наш курс. Все наши однокурсники отзывчивые и общительные.
6. Некоторые студенты считают, что наше расписание не очень удобное потому,
что занятия по английскому языку начинаются в восемь часов утра. По-моему
это хорошо, ведь кто рано встаёт, тому Бог подаёт!
7. После занятий я успеваю сделать ещё массу дел — сходить в библиотеку,
поработать в Интернете, погулять с друзьями, посмотреть телевизор и так далее.
8. Том и я счастливы, что мы студенты и у нас много новых друзей.
27
Listening
Task 1. Listen to a radio programme about languages and how to learn a
language. Complete the notes in the table
problem advice
Andy
Too frightened to speak.
1. …………….. not good.
Olivia
4. ………………… native
speakers.
5. They ………… too fast.
2. ………….................... to yourself.
3. …………….. about making mistakes.
6. …………………… listening skills
(podcasts, etc.)
7. ………………………………… and
8. …………………… at the same time.
Task 2. Look at the presenter’s responses. Mark them () I agree, (x) disagree,
or (?) I agree but not completely
1. That’s a good idea.
2. I suppose so.
3. You are right.
4. I am not sure that’s a good idea.
Task 3. Listen again. Write response for each piece of advice
1. I think Andy should practice speaking to himself.
2. Andy should try it.
3. Andy shouldn’t worry about making mistakes.
4. Olivia should listen to English as much as possible.
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Reading
LANDMARKS OF SCIENCE
In the summer of 1905, a young man was sitting at home after a day’s
work. While rocking his one-year-old baby, he thought something over.
Suddenly, it came to him! The equation 'e = mc
2
'was born, an equation
which would change our understanding f the universe but would help to
create the nuclear bomb. Albert Einstein was aware of recent
developments, such as Mary Curie’s research into radioactivity but he
Рисунок 11. Albert
Einstei
had been working on his own. His mould-breaking equation showed how
a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.
Einstein then demonstrated in his 'theory of relativity' that not even time, mass or length
are constant – they vary according to our perspective to them. For example, if we could
see people moving at the speed of light, they would appear much heavier and lager and
would seem to move in slow motion.
By the time Einstein had become world-famous, a young ex-lawyer returning from the
First World War started work at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. Using
the most high-powered telescope of its time, he began a painstakingly slow observation
of nebulae, small patches of light that appeared outside our galaxy.
Edwin Hubble was on the brink of making the greatest astronomical breakthrough of
the century. He discovered that these nebulae were in fact galaxies like our own,
millions of light years away from us, which proved that universe was vastly larger than
had previously been thought. Then Hubble proved that universe is actually expanding
and that the further away galaxies are the faster they move.
Just before Hubble’s Law was published in 1929, another far-reaching finding was
made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before going on holiday, he left a dish with
bacteria near the window of his laboratory. When he came back, he was just about to
throw the dish away when he noticed something out the ordinary. He double-checked
and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. The
blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin which Fleming realized was an
effective way of killing bacteria. A few years later penicillin was being mass-produced
and helping to save the lives of millions. Despite the outcome of his discovery, Fleming
remained modest and unassuming. “Nature makes penicillin,” he said, “I just found it.”
During the Second World War when penicillin was first being used, the US Navy were
looking the ways of improving the accuracy of their artillery shells, but this involved
29
incredibly complex calculations. The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly,
a physicist, to produce a machine to do the job. Although they and their team did not
finish the machine until after the war, in February 1946, it didn’t matter. They had
produced the world’s first computer. Eniac (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer) was huge, measuring 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighing over
30 tons. It contained 18,000 tubes and had more than 6,000 switches. It consumed so
much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went dim.
However, it worked and it was the first programmable computer.
The computer arrived too late to help in the next ground-breaking find. From the mid1940s, biologists knew about a molecule that had an important role in passing on
genetic information for all living things. However, they didn’t know how it worked
and the race to find this out had begun. Then, two young scientists at Cambridge
University saw the results of some studies by Rosalind Franklin. The latest piece of the
jigsaw puzzle had fallen into place. In 1953 Watson and Crick published their model
of DNA molecule. As a result, in 2000, after years of time-consuming and expensive
research using computerized data processing and despite many setbacks, so-called
“genome” for human beings was discovered. The four chemicals in our DNA combine
to produce a code that would fill over 500,000 pages of a telephone directory and that
contains information about our 100,000 genes. Already, this has helped doctors to cure
some hereditary illnesses and the outlook for the future seems promising.
Task 1. Are this statements true (T) or false (F) according to the text or is there
no information (NI)
1. Einstein was at work when he thought of the formula 'e = mc2.
2. Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
3. Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass.
4. Hubble studied the nebulae for over twenty years.
5. Hubble discovered that our galaxy is bigger than we thought it was.
6. Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery
happened.
7. There was a blue mould around the bacteria in the dish.
8. Fleming developed the process for manufacturing penicillin.
9. The Eniac project failed to meet its original objective.
10. The Eniac computer was extremely difficult to program.
11. The code for a DNA molecule has over half a million letters in it.
12. The process of decoding the human genome was long and costly.
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