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Файл:English for the Humanities. Английский язык для бакалавров гуманитарного профиля. Учебное пособие
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Task 2. Work in pares. Discuss these questions with your partner
1. Which of the discoveries mentioned in the text has been the most important so far?
Why?
2. Which discovery will have the most important consequences in the future? Why?
3. Which of the scientists in the text do you admire most? Why?
4. Which of the discoveries is the most difficult to understand?
Discussion
Discussion A Discussion B
1. What is the school system like in
your country?
2. Does your country provide a
public school system?
3. Is there anything you would
change about the education
system?
4. What do you remember about
your teachers? Were there any
that really inspired you?
5. Were there any teachers that you
didn’t like? Why?
6. What was your school like?
7. Are you still friends with anyone
that you went to school with?
8. What subjects were you good at?
1. Do many people in your country study
abroad?
2. Do you think it is easier to learn as a child
or as an adult?
3. Does education guarantee a good job in
your country?
4. What are the qualities of a good teacher?
5. Do parents home-school their children in
your country?
6. What do you think about gap years where
students take a year off between school
and university and visit another country?
7. Are there problems with gangs in the
schools in your country?
8. Are foreign languages part of the school
curriculum? If so, which languages?
9. What subjects were you not good
at?
10. Do you have boarding schools in
your country? Are they popular?
9. Are there any subjects/classes you wanted
to study but they weren't available at your
school/college?
10. What are some important factors in
determining which university to attend?
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Grammar: Past Simple, Present Perfect, Modal Verbs must, had to,
should
Task 1. Read what Laura says about a typical day. Use Past Simple to tell about
her yesterday’s day
I usually get up at 7 o’clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to
Рисунок 12.
Laura
start at 9.00. I never have lunch. I finish classes at about 5
o’clock. I am always tied when I get home. I usually cook a meal
in the evening. I don’t usually go out. I do my homework and go
to bed at about 11 o’clock and I always sleep well.
1. She … got up … at 7 o’clock yesterday as usual.
2. She ……… a big breakfast.
3. It ……………………………. to walk to university.
4. ……………………………….. at 9.00.
5. ……………………………….. lunch.
6. ……………………………….. at about 5 o’clock.
7. She ………… tied when …………………… home.
8. ………………………………………….. a meal yesterday evening.
9. …………………………………… out yesterday evening.
university which takes me about half of hour. Classes or lectures
10. ……………………………… at 11 o’clock.
11. ……………………………… well last night.
Task 2. Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form:
buy catch cost fall hurt sell spend teach throw write
1. Mozart … wrote … more than 600 pieces of music.
2. “How did you learn to drive ?” ─ “My father ………………. me.”
3. We couldn’t afford to keep our car, so we …………….. it.
4. Dave ……….. down the stairs this morning and ………. his leg.
5. Joe ………... the ball to Sue, who …………… it.
6. Ann ……… a lot of money yesterday. She ………. a dress which ……. £100.
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Task 3. Try to ask James about his holiday. Write your questions
Hi. How are your things? ─ Fine. Thanks. I’ve just had a great holiday.
Where did you go? ─ To the US. We went on a trip from San Francisco to Denver.
1. How ……………………………….? By car? ─ Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco.
2. It’s a long way to drive. How long …..…………. to get to Denver? ─ Two weeks.
3. Where ……………………………….. ….? In a hotel? ─ Yes, small hotels or motels.
4. ……………………………. good? ─ Yes, but it was very hot. Sometimes too hot.
5. …………………………….… the Grand Canyon? ─ Of cause, it was wonderful.
Task 5. Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or
negative
1. It was warm, so I … took … my coat. (take)
2. The film wasn’t very good. I … didn’t enjoy … it much. (enjoy)
3. I knew Sarah was busy, so I ………….. her. (disturb)
4. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ….…….. well. (sleep)
5. The window was open and a bird ……… into the room. (fly)
6. The hotel was not very expensive. It ………. much to stay there. (cost)
7. We were very tied, so we ………….. the party earlier. (leave)
8. I was in a hurry, so I …………. time to phone you. (have)
9. It was hard carrying the bags. They …………. very heavy. (be)
Task 6. Read the situation and write sentences. Use the following verbs in the
Present Perfect:
arrive break fall go up grow improve lose
1. Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
2. Lisa can’t walk and her leg is in plaster.
3. Last week the bus fare was £1, 80. Now is £2.
1. Tom … has lost …. his key.
2. Lisa ……………………… .
3. The bus fire ………………. .
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4. Maria’s English wasn’t very good. Now it is
4. Her English ………………. .
better.
5. Dan didn’t have a beard before. Now he has a
beard.
6. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I
have it.
7. The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it’s only
12.
5. Dan ……………………….. .
6. The letter …………………. .
7. The ………………………. . .
Task 7. Put in been or gone
1. James is on holiday. He’s … gone .. to Italy.
2. Hello! I’ve just ……. To the shops. I’ve bought lots of thing.
3. Tom has ……. out. He’ll be back in about an hour.
4. “Are you going to the bank?” ─ “No, I’ve already …….. to the bank.
5. Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s ……. to the shop to get a newspaper.
Task 8. Complete B’s sentences. Make sentences from the words in the brackets
using Present Perfect
1. Would you like something to eat?
2. Do you know where Julia is?
3. What tine is David living?
4. What’s is in the newspaper today?
1. No, thanks. … I’ve just had lunch …
(I / just / have / lunch)
2. Yes, ………………………………….
(I / just / see / her)
3. ……………………………………….
(he / already / leave)
4. I don’t know. …………………………
(I / not / read / it yet)
5. Is Sue coming to the cinema with us?
6. Are your friends here?
7. What does Tim think about your plan?
5. No, …………………………………..
(she / already / see / the film)
6. Yes, …………………………………
(they / just / arrive)
7. ………………………………………
(we / not / tell / him yet)
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Task 9. Read the situation and write sentences with just, already or yet
1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, “Would you like something
to eat?”
You say: No, thanks. I’ve just had lunch. (have lunch)
2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later the phone rings and the caller says, “Can I speak to
Joe?”
You say: I’m afraid ………………………………….…………………… . (go out)
3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take
your plate away.
You say: Wait a minute! …………………………………………….. . (not / finish)
4. You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You planned to reserve a table. Later your
friend says, “Shall I phone to reserve a table?”
You say: No, ……………………………………………………………….. . (do it)
5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been
successful. Ask her.
You say: ……………………………………………………………………. ? (find)
6. You are still thinking about where to go for a holiday. A friend asks, “Where are
you going for your holiday?”
You say: …………………………………………………………… . (not / decide)
7. Linda went shopping but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, “Is Linda
still out shopping?”
You say: No, …………………………………………….………… (come back)
Task 10. Fill in the blanks with must or mustn’t
1. She is ill, so she ……..……. see the doctor.
2. It is raining. You ……... take your umbrella.
3. You …………..…. throw litter on the stairs.
4. This is the secret. You ………. tell anybody.
5. You ………….… make noise in the library.
6. We ………… hurry or we will miss the bus.
7. You ………….….. eat fruit and vegetables.
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8. The baby is sleeping. You ……. shout.
9. You ……. Be friendly to everybody.
10. You …… walk on the grass.
Task 11. Choose the correct modal verbs that match the sentences
1. Yesterday I ………….…….. (must / mustn’t / had to) finish my semester project.
2. She will …………...…… (must / have to / has to) wait in line like everyone else.
3. All employees ………………...…. (must / mustn't / have to) be on time for work.
4. We ……… (not have to / must / mustn't) forget to take the chicken out of the
freezer.
5. If you are under 13 you …….…… (have / must / mustn’t) to get your parents'
permission.
6. Your daughter may ……….. (have to / had to / must) try on a few different sizes.
7. The doctor ………………… (must / mustn't / have to) get here as soon as he can.
8. Do you ……………………….….. (have to / must / mustn't) work next weekend?
9. Bicyclists …..……… (mustn't / must / has to) remember to signal when they turn.
10. Angela, you …….……. (mustn't / must / have to) leave your clothes all over the
floor like this.
Task 12. Read the sentences. Write should or shouldn’t
1. If it’s rainy you …………………….. take an umbrella.
2. Tom ……… eat so many lollipops. It’s bad for his teeth.
3. ………… I drink hot tea if I have a sore throat? – Yes, you ………………….. .
4. They have a test tomorrow. They …………. go to the cinema. They ……..… stay
at home and study!
5. Children …….…. eat lots of vegetables but they ……….…….. eat lots of sweets.
6. I have a party tonight. What ………….….. I wear? A dress or a pair of trousers?
7. The doctor said, “ You …. …… eat healthy food. You ………..….. eat fast food.
You …….….. watch so much TV. You ………. walk 1 hour a day. You ……….
drink fruit juice and water. You ………… drink wine or beer.”
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Task 13. Study the models. Make up your own examples on each model
Model 1. Betty must know six foreign languages. — Должно быть, Бетти знает …
Betty must be clever. — Должно быть, Бетти умна.
Model 2. Betty must be learning English now. — Должно быть, Бетти учит
английский язык сейчас.
Model 3. Betty must have learned English at school. — Должно быть, Бетти учила
английский язык в школе.
Task 14. Express your supposition on the following statements
Statement: Ted has many friends.
Student 1: He must be very sociable! (Должно быть, он очень общительный!)
Student 2: He must make friends easily! (Должно быть, он легко заводит дружбу!)
Student 3: He must have studied psychology and knows how to behave correctly!
(Должно быть, он изучал психологию и знает как вести себя корректно!)
1. Rob is very tired.
2. Ann is lagging behind the group in all subjects.
3. Steve was expelled from the university.
4. Julia chews gums in the class.
5. Bob didn’t pass his winter session.
6. Sally is going to graduate from the university with honours.
7. Fred is in a bad mood.
8. Louise is in a good mood.
9. Mrs. Johnson has a high academic degree.
10. Nick can’t work on his computer now.
Task 15. Study the model. Make up own examples on the model. Translate the
sentences from Russian into English
Model 4. You (she, he, …) must have failed to understand me. — Должно быть, вы
меня не поняли.
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1. Должно быть, я вас не увидел.
2. Должно быть, вы не писали контрольную работу.
3. Должно быть, Том не окончил университет с отличием.
4. Должно быть, деканат не выдал нашей старосте наши зачётки.
5. Должно быть, она не сдала экзамен.
Task 16. Translate the text from Russian into English using the right modal
verb
Всем студентам следует помнить следующие правила. Студенты должны
планировать свой путь до университета особенно в часы пик и являться на
занятия вовремя. Студенты должны помнить о том, что они приходят
в университет, а не на дискотеку и не в ночной клуб. Студентам следует являться
в официальной форме одежды: либо в костюме, либо в классических брюках
и скромном, оригинальном джемпере, либо в юбке средней длины. Девушкам не
следует накладывать яркий макияж и вызывающий лак для ногтей. Вопрос
«Можно мне выйти?» на уроке для того, чтобы ответить на телефонный звонок
является неуместным. Все ваши знакомые и друзья должны помнить о том, что
вы занимаетесь в первую смену и звонить вам раньше 15.00 не нужно.
Отключите свои телефоны на время занятий! К сожалению, преподавателю часто
приходится напоминать студентам, что жевать жевачку на занятиях —
неприлично. В общении с преподавателем студенты должны контролировать
свой тон, эмоции и подбирать слова.
Несколько раз подумайте, прежде чем сказать преподавателю: «Вы должны …»
или «Из-за Вас …». Студенты должны выполнять домашнее задание, так как это
их обязанность. Объяснения неготовности типа «Я забыл», «Меня не было на
прошлом занятии», «У меня не было учебника» и так далее говорят о вашей
профессиональной непригодности.
Студенту следует быть активным участником учебного процесса и быть
готовым самостоятельно получать информацию. Студент должен помнить о том,
что преподаватель работает с ним во время занятий в течение семестра, а не
в конце семестра или во время сессии.
Если студент будет соблюдать эти нетрудные правила, то успех ему в учёбе
и в личных отношениях обеспечен. Если у вас появятся проблемы
в университете, то переведите это упражнение с русского языка на английский
ещё раз!
38
Writing
Task 1. Read and translate the essay about college life
COLLEGE LIFE
College life is a fantastic experience. It doesn’t matter if you are a full-time or a part-
time student. An applicant who has passed his entrance exams and entered the
university turns into a first-year student. Nobody can forget a solemn ceremony in front
of the university building and serious people making speeches. They are the rector,
vice rectors, deans, subdeans, heads of departments, professors, associate
professors. All of them have high academic degrees. Senior lecturers, lecturers and
tutors are ready to give lessons.
The monitors hand out student membership cards, student record books and
library cards. There are so many subjects on the schedule. The curriculum is
developed for geniuses so students must attend all lectures, seminars and tutorials.
If a student can not cope with the work load of college he or she immediately starts
lagging behind. Diligent students keep pace with the programme not to catch up
with it later. Their assignments, compositions and synopses are in order. Diligent
students never play truant and they have neither good excuses nor lame excuses for
missing classes. After getting credits everybody reads up for exams and crams. But
some students prefer to cheat and write cribs.
First tests and examination sessions can result in successes and failures. Lucky students
get grants and there is hope they will graduate from the university with honours.
Failures are expelled
from the university. After the examination session a long-awaited
vacation comes.
Junior students become senior. They work hard, write reports, yearly essays or course
papers. And at last a graduation dissertation, finals and a diploma.
Some certificated specialists take a postgraduate course, present a thesis and get a
degree in Philosophy (PHD)!!! College life is over.
39
Task 2. Write an essay about your college life. The questions below will help
you. Write 200–250 words
• What is the name of your college or university?
• How did you decide which college to attend?
• What is your typical day at college like?
• What are three big differences between your college life so far and your high school
days?
• Are there some professors that you can learn from more easily than others?
• What are the top three changes you would like to see happen at your university?
• What do you think of student government?
• Are you now or have you ever been part of it?
• Do you think it's worthwhile?
• Does participation in student government bring any benefits to the participants?
What?
• What's the most difficult class you have taken so far?
• Where is the “higher” in higher education?
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