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Файл:About Music at the Lessons of English. Хрестоматия по чтению на английском языке для студентов очного и заочного отделений специальностей 070100 «Музы.pdf
к 40 фильмам. А. Кнайфель – заслуженный деятель искусств России (1996). Среди сочинений – «Алиса в стране Чудес» (2001),
«Восьмая глава» для храма, хоров и виолончели (1993), «Медея»,
хореографическая симфония (1984).
16. Шуть, Владислав (1941, Воскресенск). Русский композитор. Окон-
чил Музыкально-педагогический институт имени Гнесиных по
классу сочинения Н. Пейко. Работал музыкальным редактором в
издательстве «Советский композитор» (1967-1982). В 1993 года
живет в Великобритании. Его сочинения исполняются на многих
российских и зарубежных фестивалях – Московская осень, Almedia
(Лондон), Ars Musica (Брюссель), Presence (Париж). Среди сочинений – 5 камерных симфоний, «Warum» для камерного ансамбля
(1986), «Романтические послания» для фагота и камерного оркестра (1979).
141
LIST OF MUSICAL TERMS
adajio [ə'da:dʒiou]
aria ['a:riə]
ballet ['bælei]
bass [beis]
bolero [bə'lεərou]
bravura [brə'vuərə]
cadenza [kə'denzə]
cantabile [kæn'ta:bili]
cantata [kæn'ta:tə]
capriccio [kə'prit∫iou]
chorus ['korəsl
clarinet [,klæri'net]
clavichord ['klæviko:d]
coda ['koudə]
melody ['melədi]
minor ['mainə]
motet [mou'tet]
music ['mju:zik]
musical ['mju:zikəl]
musician [mju: 'zi∫ən]
nocturne ['noktə:n]
oboe ['oubou]
octave ['oktiv]
octet [ok'tet]
opera ['opə
oratorio [,orə'to:riou]
orchestra ['o:kistrə]
orchestral [o:'kestrəl]
rə]
composer [kəm'pouzə]
concert ['konsət]
concerto [kən't∫ə:tou]
crescendo [kri'∫endou]
debut ['deibu:]
etude [ei'tju:d]
finale [fi'na:li]
flute [flu:t]
fugue [fju:g]
glisserando [,glisə'ra:ndou]
guitar [gi'ta:]
harmonica [ha:'monikə]
harmony ['ha:məni]
intermezzo [,intə'metsou]
organ ['o:gən]
organist ['o:gənist]
overture t'ouvətjuə]
passacaglia [,pa:sə'ka:ljə]
pedal ['pedl]
philharmonic [,fila:'monik]
pianissimo [pjæ'nisimou]
pianist ['pjænist]
polonaise [,polə'neiz]
polyphony [pə'lifəni]
prelude ['prelju:d]
quartet [kwo:'tet]
recitative [,resitə'ti:v]
requiem ['rekwiəm]
madrigal ['mædrigəl]
major ['meidʒə]
rhapsody ['ræpsədi]
romance [rə'mæns]
scherzo ['skertsou]
timbre ['tε:mbr]
solo ['soulou]
soloist ['soulouist]
sonata [sə'na:tə]
soprano [sə'pra:nou]
spinet [spi'net]
suite [swi:t]
symphonic [sim'fonik]
symphony ['simfəni]
tenor ['tenə]
toccata [tə'ka:tə]
trombone [trom'boun]
tuba ['tju:bə]
variations [,vεəri'ei∫ənz]
viola [vi'oulə]
viola-gamba [vi'oulə
'gæmbə]
virtuoso [,və:tju'ouzou]
waltz [wo:ls]
143
GLOSSARY
Concert, Recital, Evening
concert
Concert generally refers only to music. Therefore if non-musical items
are included, it is better in most cases to avoid concert, and use, for example,
show or entertainment.
e.g. In the evening the students put on a show/an entertainment.
Concert is used in the following expressions:
concert-goer
concert-going
concert hall
concert ticket
concert programme
The type of concert may be specified, for example:
symphony concert
chamber concert
promenade concert
pop concert
jazz concert
A promenade concert is a type of popular symphony concert in Brit-
ain, which takes place every evening for a season during the summer, and
where many of the audience stand (which makes the tickets cheaper) and the
atmosphere is very informal. Originally the audience even walked about,
hence the name, which is French for a walk. Promenade concert is often ab-
breviated to prom.
e.g. / like going to the proms.
recital
This is the proper name for a concert given by one performer or a small
group, with reference to classical music, and is widely used by regular con-
cert-goers. It is often combined with the name of the instrument, or composer,
and sometimes the type of work is specified.
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e.g. a piano/violin/organ recita
a Chopin recital
a song recital
It is not essential to use recital when there is only one performer or a
small group. Concert may be used instead, although it is less common, at least
with regular concert-goers.
Recital is often the best translation of вечер in such expressions as
фортепианный вечер, вечер скрипичной музыки.
Recital may refer not only to music, but also to poetry, as in the expres-
sion a poetry recital. Poetry evening is possible, though less common.
evening
Evening is little used to denote a concert. As stated above, recital is of-
ten the best translation of вечер in this sense. The expression musical evening
exists, but this generally denotes an informal gathering of amateurs, for exam-
ple, at someone's home, or at a club. All or most people present perform some-
thing, and there is no separate audience. The same applies to poetry evening.
Verbs used with concert/recital
Go is the most common in the sense of attend, and is the best translation
not only of ходить (на концерт) but often also of быть (на концерте) and
слушать (концерт).
e.g. a. / often go to concerts.
Note the use of the plural here.
b. / went to a very good concert last night.
Listen is not used here. Nor should it be used in translating such sen-
tences as:
a. Сегодня мы будем
/пойдем слушать Рихтера/Брамса.
Today we're going to hear Richter (play). / a Brahms concert.
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b. Что Вы слушали?
What sort of concert was it?
or: What did he/she/they play/sing?
What was /were ... playing/singing?
if the speaker knows who was playing/singing
c. Кого Вы слушали?
Who was playing/singing?
This, however, has the disadvantage that the speaker must know
whether it was vocal or instrumental music.
Listen may be used with reference to broadcast concerts.
e.g. / listened to a concert on the radio.
Attend (a concert) is sometimes used in formal situations.
Visit (a concert) is not used.
Give is the verb generally used with reference to the performer(s).
e.g. The London Philharmonic gave four concerts in St. Petersburg.
Arrange and put on are used with reference to the organization, for ex-
ample of the management (дирекция) of a concert hall.
e.g. They're arranging/putting on a series of concerts in memory of
Shostakovich this season.
Concert Programmes And Repertoires
work, item, number, piece
A concert programme consists of works or items. An item may be a
complete work or an excerpt. In practice, however, item is used of short works
such as songs, short instrumental pieces or excerpts.
146
e.g. (Announcement at a concert) – The first item on the programme is
"The Road to the Isles", sung by ..., accompanied on the piano by ...
At concerts of classical music where a small number of complete works are
performed, work is preferable.
e.g. a. The programme consists of works by Bach, Vivaldi and Handel.
b. The first work (on/in the programme) is Handel's "Water Music".
Number is used of an item in a variety show, a jazz or pop concert.
It suggests something light.
Piece may be used to denote a short and usually not very serious musi-
cal work, or sometimes an excerpt.
e.g. (Announcement at an amateur concert) –... will (now) play two
pieces by ...: "In the Forest" and "Spanish Dance".
A piece of music is also used.
repertoire, repertory
These words are used of music in a similar way to the theatre, meaning
the works, pieces, numbers which a musician or orchestra can perform. Reper-
toire is the usual form.
e.g. a. (Speaking of a singer, pianist, etc.) – He has a large and
varied repertoire.
or: His repertoire is limited.
b. (Of an orchestra) – They need to build up a repertoire.
с. This work has established itself firmly in the concert repertoire.
d. The orchestra has added Mahler's 7th symphony to its
repertoire.
Types Of Music
classical music
There is a tendency to use classical music with particular reference to
the music of the past, up to and including the nineteenth century. However, the
147
term also includes music being written now, and we may therefore speak of
modern classical music. Classical here refers to genre, not period, and should
not therefore be used in contrast to modern.
A classic may be used of a musical work which is firmly established in
the concert repertoire and is therefore well-known. Such works are sometimes
called collectively the classics. However, classic is used less often in connec-
tion with music than with literature.
Light classical is used of short classical works or excerpts which are
easy to listen to, either because the composer's aim was simply to entertain, or
because of their familiarity. Light here is the opposite of serious
serious music
This is sometimes used as a synonym of classical music, but strictly
speaking it is not synonymous, since not all classical music is serious, and
other types of music, for example, folk music and jazz, can claim to be serious
too, in the sense of being not merely entertainment, but art. Serious music is
thus a wider concept than classical music.
light music
This is not so much a category as a collection of works from various
categories. It includes light classical music (see above), popular tunes and
songs from different sources, both traditional and new, dance music, film mu-
sic, and so on.
folk music
Folk music corresponds to the Russian народная музыка, and includes
both instrumental music and songs.
jazz
This is defined by Hornby as follows:
"popular music first played by Negro groups in the southern USA
in the early 20th century, characterized by improvization and
strong rhythms, called traditional jazz; similar music played by
148
large bands for dancing; a later variation much influenced by the
blues to produce an unhurried emotive style, called modern jazz."
(Blues is defined as "haunting jazz melodies originally of Ne-
groes in the southern US".)
Traditional jazz is классический джаз. Classical jazz is not used.
Note that jazz is generally used without music.
e.g. / like (traditional/modern) jazz.
pop music
Pop is an abbreviation of popular, but it has developed a specific mean-
ing: modern music of an uncomplicated type, played mainly on electric guitars
and drums, often with a singer.
The Russian эстрадная музыка includes some pop music, but it is a
wider category, and has no English equivalent.
In situations where эстрадный includes not only music but other types
of entertainment, variety can be used.
e.g. a variety show
a variety artist
Variety singer, however, does not seem to occur. There is only pop
singer.
dance music
This is not a specific type of music, since various kinds of music may be
used for dancing, including jazz and pop music.
film music
music composed for films
149
background music
This expression is used in Britain to denote any music played softly as a
background for conversation, etc. Some people put on records as background
music when friends come to see them, and such music is increasingly heard in
public places in Britain: hotel foyers, airports, supermarkets, etc.
instrumental/vocal music
These categories correspond to the Russian инструменталь-
ная/вокальная музыка. The performers may be called instrumentalists, vo-
calists.
Vocal music and vocalist are often replaced in non-professional con-
versations by singing, and singer.
Instrumental music and instrumentalist also sound rather profes-
sional, but they have no colloquial equivalent. In some cases, however, player
can be used meaning instrumentalist.
e.g. The players came onto the platform with their instruments.
orchestral music
This corresponds more or less to симфоническая музыка. Symphonic
music is little used by non-professionals, as it has a narrower application than
orchestral music, referring only to symphonies, and excluding such works as
concertos, suites, etc.
Orchestral work/concert are also used.
chamber music
This corresponds in most cases to камерная музыка. Some chamber
music is orchestral, written for a chamber orchestra, but the category also
includes works for smaller groups of instrumentalists or vocalists, or soloists.
Chamber work/concert are also used.
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