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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4464_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
362 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Hypopharynx
gender and, 34
surgery, 108
dysphagia after, 108
swallowing and, 30
sequences, 274
Hypoplastic tissue, milk production and, 234
Hypotension, anticonvulsants and, 87
Hypotonic children, EMST and, 179
Hypoxia, aspiration pneumonia and, 64
I
Iatrogenic risk factors, aspiration and, 64
Ibuprofen, breast engorgement and, 240
IDDSI (International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation
Initiative), 191, 193, 278
descriptors of, 194
food preparation and, 199
framework of, 194
Idiopathic
developmental delays, dysphagia and, 246
oral-motor dysfunction, assistive devices, 271, 272
Ig (Immunoglobulins)
intravenous
dermatomyositis and, 74
inclusive body myositis and, 74
Immune defense, aspiration and, 62, 63
Immunoglobulins (Ig)
intravenous
dermatomyositis and, 74
inclusive body myositis and, 74
Implants, 110, 111
IMRT (Intensity-modulated radiation therapy),
116–117
Inclusive body myositis, 74–75
Incompressible, defined, 192
Incoordination, anticonvulsants and, 87
Infants
dysphagia and, 277
feeding and, 271
feeding of, 270
patterns, 230
GERD and, 277
growth chart calculator, 232
high feeding frequency, 233–234
medically complex, nursing a, 237
nonoral feeding, 279–281
postprandial irritability, 247
premature, 236–237
breathing and, 255
dysphagia and, 257–258
nonnutritive sucking and, 271
survival rates, 249–250
sleepy, breastfeeding and, 234
stomach capacity, 231
Infections
bacterial, aspiration pneumonia and, 64
dysphagia and, 10–11
Infectious diseases, swallowing disorders and,
84–85
Inferior constrictor muscle, 41
Inflammatory
disorders, esophageal, 80–84
dysphagia, 248
myopathies, 74
Infrahyoid muscles, 39
Injection
botulinum toxin
achalasia and, 78
into CPM, GERD and, 83
intracordal Teflon, 110
paralyzed vocal fold and, 157
VFI, 109–110
vocal folds, 109–110
Zenker diverticulum and, 82
Injury, traumatic, swallowing and, 4
Innervations
mandible, 39
pharynx, 41
IN/IN (Inspiration, apnea event, inspiration), 53
Inspiration, apnea event
expiration (IN/EX), 53
inspiration (IN/IN), 53
Instrumental
examination guidelines, 142
evaluations, taking case history and, pediatric
dysphagia and, 263–264
measures, commonly used, 143
swallowing evaluations, 277
Intellectual
development, pediatric, 264–265
impairment, case study, 282
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT),
116–117
International Classification of Functioning,
Disability, and Health, 124
International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation
Initiative (IDDSI), 147, 191, 193, 278
descriptors of, 194
food preparation and, 199
framework of, 194
International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 4
Internet portal registration, 69
INDEX 363
Interneurons, discharging of, benzodiazepines and, 88
Intervention, early
comorbidities and, 8
effects of, 10
need for, 9–10
Intracordal Teflon injection, 110
Intrinsic
tumors, 101
muscles, 37
of tongue, 35, 36
Intubation, swallowing disorders and, 13
Involuntary functions, medulla oblongata and, 22
IOPI (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument), 152
Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), 152
Isoniazid, side effects of, 85
Isotropic, defined, 192
J
Jaundice, newborns and, 227
Jaw
exercises, swallowing and, 174
giant cell arteritis and, 89
Joints, Lyme disease and, 85
K
KayPENTAX Swallowing Workstation, 152
Killian triangle, 117
Kinematic viscosity, defined, 192
L
Labial
exercises, swallowing and, 173
weakness, ALS and, 69
Lacrimal glands, Sjögren syndrome and, 89
Lactation, 227, 230–236, 237
inhibition factor, 240
suppressing, 239–240
Laminar flow, defined, 192
Landau reflex, 254
LAR (Laryngeal adductor reflex), 145
Laryngeal
adductor reflex (LAR), 145
assessment, 133, 135
cancer, case study, 296–297, 297–298
closure exercises, 89
elevation, 115
evaluation techniques, vocal fold closure and, 175
examination, 133, 136
excursion, 274
exercises, 175
infections, 85
lesions, sarcoidosis and, 90
sarcoidosis, lesions and, 90
sphincter, 61
swallowing and, 50–51
strengthening closure of, 10
surgery of, 109–112
framework, 110–112
Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG ), vocal fold
paralysis and, 154–155
Laryngectomy, total, 109
Laryngitis, chronic reflux, dysphagia and, 10
Laryngomalacia, lung disease, 255
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)
described, 83–84
diagnosis of, 83
GERD and,80
larynx and, 65
RSI and, 131
symptoms of, 83
swallowing disorders and, 14
Laryngopharynx, 39
muscles of, posterior view of, 40
sagittal view of, 43
Laryngoplasty
medialization, 110–112
complications/limitations, 112
Laryngospasm, case study, 301–302
Larynx
described, 42–43
dry swallow midsequence, 274
epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
gender and, 34
hyoid bone and, 37
LPRD and, 83–84
motion of, 61
muscles in relation to, 28
superior view of, 42
swallowing and, 42–43
tumors of, 101
Latching
appropriate fit, 271
breastfeeding, 227
comfortable, 233
Lateral
medullary syndrome, 71–72
pharyngeal resection, 107
pterygoid muscle, action/innervation of, 39
VFI, 109–110
Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT), 73, 175, 294
Parkinson disease and, 175
364 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
LEMG (Laryngeal electromyography), vocal fold
paralysis and, 154–155
LES (Lower esophageal sphincter)
GERD and, 80
laxity, 247
Parkinson disease and, 72
pressure measured, 151
substances influencing lower, 81
systemic lupus erythematous, 90
Levodopa, side effects of, anticonvulsants and, 87
Limb
girdle muscular dystrophy, 75
muscles, EMST and, 179
Linear viscoelasticity, defined, 192
Lingual
nerve, neoplasms of, 101
prostheses, 106–107
weakness, ALS and, 69
Lipid (lipoid) pneumonia, 63
Lips
exercises, 172
surgery, 103
Liquidized foods, defined, 197
Liquids
aspirates, 63
aspiration pneumonia and, 65
modification of, 193
properties of, 191–193
Lollipops, sugar-free, 271
Longitudinal
fibers, tongue, 35
muscles, 37
of pharynx, sagittal view of, 41
Lower
motor neuron, ALS and, 69
esophageal sphincter (LES)
GERD and, 80
laxity, 247
Parkinson disease and, 72
pressure measured, 151
substances influencing lower, 81
systemic lupus erythematous, 90
LPR (Laryngopharyngeal reflux)
diagnosis of, 83
disease
described, 83–84
RSI and, 131
symptoms of, 83
GERD and, 80
larynx and, 65
LSVT (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment), 73, 294
Lung, abscess, described, 64
Parkinson disease and, 175
Lying down, one side, 170
Lyme disease, described, 85
M
Macroglossia, pediatric dysphagia and, 247
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 155
Malnutrition, 5–6, 190
aging population and, 213
dietitian and, 205
long-term dysphagia and, 116
stoke and, 64
Zenker diverticulum and, 117
Mandible
innervations of, 39
muscles of, 39
swallowing and, 37
tongue and, 36
exercises, 174
Mandibular surgery, 107
Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), 136
Manometry
esophageal, 152
pharyngeal, 150–152
MASA (Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability), 136
Masako maneuver, 168, 169, 274
Masseter muscle, action/innervation of, 39
Mastication, bolus and, 45
Masticatory muscles, Duchenne dystrophy and, 74
Mastitis, preventing, 240
Maternal age, milk production and, 234
Maxilla, 37
tongue and, 36
Maxillary prostheses, 105
Maxillectomy, palate surgery and, 104
MBS (Modified barium swallow), 147–150
FEES evaluation
silent aspiration, 147
swallowing and, 147
impairment profile, 149
measurement scales for, 148
penetration-aspiration scale, 148–149
quantitative analysis of, 149–150
radiation safety during, 148
test observations, 148
MCTD (Mixed connective-tissue disease), 89
MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), 130
Mealtimes
assistive devices, 272
shared, 271
skills, 270–271
INDEX 365
MEBDT (Modified Evans Blue Dye Test), 128
Mechanical problems, of swallowing, 4
Medial pterygoid muscle, action/innervation of, 39
Medialization
arytenoid, 112
laryngoplasty, 110–112
complications/limitations, 112
Gore-Tex and, 111
vocal folds, 109
Medications
affecting swallowing, 86
dysphagia and, 10
swallowing disorders and, 85–88
Medulla oblongata, involuntary functions and, 22
Mellaril, 87
Mendelsohn maneuver, 168, 169, 274
EMST and, 179
Mendelsohn’s classic review of Prandial aspiration,
61
Mental
health, breast feeding and, 226
illness, 247
pediatric dysphagia and, 248
Mental status, altered, aspiration pneumonia and, 65
Mestinon, myasthenia gravis and, 74
Metabolic disorders, aging population and, 213
Methotrexate
dermatomyositis and, 74
polymyositis and, 75
Metoclopramide, 87
Micrognathia, pediatric dysphagia and, 247
Middle constrictor muscle, 41
Milk
human
benefits of, 226
color of, 231
cross-disciplinary educational opportunities, 241
flow intolerance, 234–235
forceful milk ejection reflex, 234–235
high production of, 234–235
inadequate production of, 234
for mothers, 226
premature babies and, 236–237
providing to medically complex child, 237
pump expressed, 237
pumping, 238–239
skin-to-skin contact, 237
transitions of, 230
to solids, 257–259
Minced foods, defined, 197
Mini
laparotomy, 204–205
Mental State Exam (MMSE), 132
Mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD), 89
MMASA (Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing
Ability), 126, 127
MMSE (Mini-Mental State Exam), 132
MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), 132
Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile
(MBSImP), 149
Modified barium swallow (MBS), 147–150
FEES evaluation
silent aspiration, 147
swallowing and, 147
impairment profile, 149
measurement scales for, 148
penetration-aspiration scale, 148–149
quantitative analysis of, 149–150
radiation safety during, 148
test observations, 148
Modified blue dye test, 128
Modified Evans Blue Dye Test (MEBDT), 128
Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability
(MMASA), 126, 127
Moist foods, defined, 197
Moisture, tongue and, 36
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), 132
Mood, medulla oblongata and, 22
Moro reflex, 254
Morphological deviations, aerodigestive track and,
247
Mothers
breastfeeding
benefits of, 226
problems, 230–236
Motility disorders, 78–80
nonspecific, 79–80
Motor
control, loss of, dysphagia and, 102
cortex, Broca area and, 60
disabilities, stroke patients and, 205
homunculus, 59, 60
motor neurons
ALS and, 69
disease, dysphagia and, 12
speech coordination, dietary recommendations
and, 247
Mouth
neoplasms of, 101
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and, 85
rinse, containing chlorhexidine, 166
sensation to, 35
surgery of, floor of, 103
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging), 155
366 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
MS (Multiple sclerosis)
dysphagia and, 12, 206
EMST and, 179
EMST device for, 180
malnutrition, 206
Mucocutaneous tissues, irradiated, 116
Mucolytic agents, 87
Mucosa
ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and, 90
radiation therapy and, 116
Mucosal
damage, by hydrogen, 81
lining, epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
Mucositis, antineoplastic agents and, 87
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
dysphagia and, 12, 206
EMST and, 179
device for, 180
malnutrition, 206
Muscles
function of, ALS and, 69
Lyme disease and, 85
tension dysphagia, 15–16
Muscular
coordination, disorders of, 77
dystrophy
dysphagia and, 246
limb-girdle, 75
Myasthenia gravis, described, 73–74
Mylohyoid muscle, action/innervation of, 39
Myopathies, 74–76
dermatomyositis, 74
Duchenne dystrophy, 74
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, 74
inflammatory, 74
myotonic dystrophy, 75
oculopharyngeal dystrophy, 75
polymyositis, 75
progressive supranuclear palsy, 75–76
spinal muscular atrophies, 75
Myositis, inclusion body, 74–75
Myotomy
cricopharyngeal
dysphagia and, 75
Zenker diverticulum and, 119
surgical, response to, 152
Myotonic dystrophy, 75
N
Nasal speaking valve (NSV), 105–106
Nasogastric
intubation, swallowing disorders and, 13
tube feeding (NGF), 279
aging population and, 216
tubes (NG tubes), 204, 524
Nasojejunal tubes, 204
Nasopharynx, 39
muscles of, posterior view of, 40
National dysphagia diet, United States, 200
National Health Interview Survey, 249–250
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
evidence search, 125
tube feeding and, 216
National Institutes of Health, 148
National Patient Safety Agency Dysphagia Expert
Reference Group, the descriptors, 200
Neck
cancer
aspiration pneumonia and, 64
dysphagia and, 10, 182
malnutrition and, 206
prophylactic swallowing therapy and, 182–183
swallowing disorders and, 181
head, dysphagia and, 182
infections of, 84–85
muscles of
anterior, 38
anterior superficial view of, 32
lateral view of right side, 33
overview of, 23
support, while eating, 247
surgery, 102–108
tumors in, 101
Neonatal, feeding patterns, 230
Neoplasia, 101
exophytic, 101
intrinsic, 101
upper aerodigestive tract, 13, 67
Neoplasms, 101
dysphagia and, 10–11
Nerves
damage to, swallowing and, 60
deficits of, EMG and, 154
Neurodegenerative diseases, 206
Neurogenic
dysplasia, stroke and, 71
oral dysplasia, 246
stroke and, 71
Neuroleptic therapy, dysphagia and, 88
Neurological
diseases, dysphagia and, 10–11
immunity, fussiness, 247
medications, 87–88
Neurological disorders, 67–76
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 68–71
INDEX 367
cerebrovascular accidents, 71–72
chronic traumatic encephalopathy, 76
dysphagia and, 67
rate of, 12
EMST and, 179
myasthenia gravis, 73–74
myopathies, 74–76
dermatomyositis, 74
Duchenne dystrophy, 74
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, 74
inclusive body myositis, 74–75
inflammatory, 74
limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, 75
myotonic dystrophy, 75
oculopharyngeal dystrophy, 75
polymyositis, 75
progressive supranuclear palsy, 75–76
spinal muscular atrophies, 75
Parkinson disease, 72–73
swallowing and, 4
traumatic brain injury, 76
Neuromuscular
disorders
aspiration pneumonia and, 67
dysphagia and, 67
EMG and, 154
EMST and, 179
Parkinson disease and, 73
dysphagia, 246, 248
electrical stimulation (NMES), 183
pathogenesis, 61
weakness
assistive devices, 271, 272
case study, 282–283
New Zealand Secretion Scale (NZSS), 147
Newborns
ambulatory care of, 227
feeding
high frequency, 233–234
patterns, 230
hospital based, 227
illness
providing breast milk to, 237
survival rates, 249–250
peer-based classes, 247
premature, 236–237
sleepy, breastfeeding and, 234
weight loss and, 227
vaginal vs cesarean delivery, 228
Newtonian fluid, defined, 192
NG tubes (Nasogastric (Ryles) tubes), 204
NGF (Nasogastric tube feeding), 279
aging population and, 216
NICE (National Institute for Health and Care
Excellence), tube feeding and, 216
Nipple
flow, 273
pain, 237
breastfeeding, 231
palatal structure and, 233
NMES (Neuromuscular electrical stimulation), 183
Nonmaleficence, 16–17
defined, 16
Non-Newtonian fluid, defined, 192
Nonnutritive suckling, 257
Nonoral feeding
children, 279–281
diets, 201–204
infants, 279–281
nutrition, perioperative cardiac protocols and, 249
reasons for, 204
weight stabilization and, 6
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, mouth and,
85
Nosocomial pneumonia, 6–7
NSV (Nasal speaking valve), 105–106
Nucleus
ambiguous, benzodiazepines and, 88
nucleus of the tractus solitarius, benzodiazepines
and, 88
Nursing. See Breastfeeding
Nursing home residents, dysphagia and, 14
Nutrition
in aging population, 214
ethical considerations, 218–219
importance of, 190
oral phase, 193
status of, 190
Nutritional
deficiencies, 218
ALS and, 69
rehabilitation program, 219
requirements, 280–281
NZSS (New Zealand Secretion Scale), 147
O
Objective functional tests, neurological disease and,
12
Obstruction
acute airway, 63
Zenker diverticulum and, 117
Obturators
oral, 105–106
titanium-based, 105
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 90
368 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Oculopharyngeal dystrophy, 75
Odynophagia
deep neck infections and, 85
GERD and, 80
supraglottic infection and, 85
Older adults. See Aging population
Olfactory nerve (CN I), sensation to, 35
OME (Oral motor exercises)
swallowing therapy and, 172
tongue and, 173
Omohyoid muscle, 39
Oncology, head/neck, 13
Oral
cavity
bacterial infections of, 84
epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
prosthetic management of, 104–107
saliva and, 37
swallowing and, 30, 31, 34–37
cleft, dysphagia and, 250
containment/chewing and, tasks to aid, 271
dryness, levodopa and, 87
dysphagia, Parkinson disease and, 72
examination, 134
fit, 271
hygiene, 166
aspiration and, 62
techniques, 166
motor dysfunction
assistive devices, 271
vacuum-assisted bottles, 272
motor exercises (OME)
swallowing therapy and, 172
tongue and, 173
mucosa, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and, 90
nutrition, 193
obturators, 105–106
pain, Sjögren syndrome and, 89
prostheses, palate surgery and, 104
seal, 271
structures, pediatric, 250
Oral phase
pharyngeal transit, delays in, 61
swallowing, 44–45
aging population and, 213
bolus transfer, 45
causes of abnormal, 102
mastication, 44
swallowing and,
tongue and, 45
Orbicularis oris muscles
function of, 31
sphincteric function of the lips, 103
Organ transplantation, esophagitis and, 84
Oronasal fistulas, Wegener granulomatosis and, 90
Oropharyngeal
dysphagia
incidence of, 11
quality of life and, 6
Examination for the Clinical Swallow Examination,
134
fibrosis of, irradiation, 13
GERD and, 80
propulsion, 107
swallowing and, 30
Oropharyngeal Examination for the Clinical Swallow
Examination, 134
Oropharynx, 39
bacterial infections of, 84
muscles of, posterior view of, 40
soft palate and, 31
surgery in, 107–108
Oxytocin, 233
P
Pacifiers, 271
Pacing, BPSD and, 215
Pain, sensory perception of, aging population and,
214
Palatal
prosthesis, temporary, 105
structure, nipple placement, 233
Palate
surgery of, 104
tumors and, 101
Wegener granulomatosis and, 90
Palatoglossus muscle, 37
actions of, 34–35
lowering prostheses, 105
tongue and, 34
Palatopharyngeus muscle, 41
Palmer grasp, 254
Palsy
progressive supranuclear, 75–76
Parkinson disease and, 75
Parachute response, 254
Paralysis
Lyme disease and, 85
vocal fold, surgery and, 109
Parenteral feeding, 8, 201–202
Parkinson disease
aging population and, 213
described, 72–73
INDEX 369
dysphagia and, 57, 67, 206
rate of, 12
EMST device for, 180
hospitalization of, 67
LSVT, 175
malnutrition, 206
progressive supranuclear palsy and, 75
strengthening laryngeal closure and, 10
swallowing and, 7
Parotid gland, 36–37, 117
Partial glossectomy surgery, swallowing and, 103
Passy-Muir valves, 114
Patients, critical care, swallowing disorders and,
76–77
Pediatric
dysplasia
epidemiology, 249–250
etiologies of, 246–249
intellectual development, 264–265
swallowing, respiratory coordination for, 255–257
Pediatricians, children/infants, partnering with, 275
Peer-based newborn classes, 247
PEG (Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy), 204,
279
Pemphigus vulgaris, 89–90
Penetration
aspiration scale, 146, 148–149
CSE and, 128
defined, 61
vocal folds closure and, 61
Penicillin, 85
Pepsin, GERD and, 80
Perceptual, BPSD and, 215
Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (PRG), 205
Perioperative cardiac protocols, nonoral nutrition
and, 249
Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 22, 26–27
CNS and, 26
Peristalsis
described, 47
MCTD and, 89
muscular coordination and, 77
Peristaltic
movement, aging population and, 214
pressure, 88
PES (Pharyngeal electrical stimulation), 183–184
PET (Positron emission tomography), 156
pH
catheter, esophageal diseases and, 65–66
monitoring of, esophageal, 157–159
Pharyngeal
compression, 274
constriction, 61
Duchenne dystrophy and, swallowing reflexes, 74
dysphagia and
Parkinson disease and, 72
stoke and, 71
electrical stimulation (PES), 183–184
examination, 133
lateral resection of, 107
manometry, 150–152
motility, radiation therapy and, 116
muscles of, lateral view of, 27
phase of swallowing, 45–46
plexus, tongue and, 34
structures, pediatric, 250
swallowing
stage, aging population and, 213
tongue and, 255
transit
time, thickened liquids and, 273
with tracheostomy, 115
Pharyngitis, antineoplastic agents and, 87
Pharyngoesophageal
motor abnormalities, Parkinson disease and, 72
segment, normal swallowing and, 44
Pharynx
described, 39
epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
esophagus, 44
detailed view of, 28
fibrosis of, 61
innervations of, 41
longitudinal muscles of, sagittal view of, 41
muscles of
actions/innervations of, 41
myositis and, 89
view of, 28
stenosis of, 61
tumors and, 101
Phenytoin, anticonvulsants and, 87
Phlegm, excessive, LPRD and, 83
Physical
changes, in aging population, 212–213
examination, 131–132
health, aging population and, 212
Physiological stability, oral intake and, 257
Picky eating, eating disorder team and, 249
Pilocarpine hydrochloride, 117
Placing reflex, 254
Plantar grasp, 254
Plaquenil, side effects of, 85
Pneumonia, 10
anaerobic, 64
370 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Pneumonia (continued)
aspiration, 6–7, 63–67
CVAs (Cerebrovascular accidents), 10–11
diagnosis of, 64
Duchenne dystrophy and, 74
dysphagia and, 9
high risk conditions, 65–67
neuromuscular disorders and, 67
recurrences of, 11
stroke and, 71
tracheotomy tube and, 113–114
chronic, 63
community-acquired, 6–7
lipid (lipoid), 63
nosocomial, 7
Parkinson disease and, 72
Pneumonitis, chemical, 63
PNS (Peripheral nervous system), 22, 26–27
CNS and, 26
Polycystic ovarian syndrome, milk production and,
234
Polymers, hard palate defects and, 105
Polymethylmethacrylate, hard palate defects and,
105
Polymyositis, 75, 89
MCTD and, 89
Polypharmacy, defined, 213
Polytetrafluoroethylene paste, VFI and, 109
Pons, 22
Popsicle, 271
Positions, swallowing, 168–170
Positive engagement, oral intake and, 257
Positron emission tomography (PET), 156
Posterior
circulation strokes, dysphagia and, 71
view, of Laryngopharynx, posterior view of, 40
Postoperative, dysphagia, ACSS and, 90
Postprandial
aspiration, 106
irritability, 247
Postsurgical risk factors, aspiration and, 64
Postswallow aspiration, 106
Prandial aspiration
classification of, 62
defined, 61
Mendelsohn’s classic review of, 61
Percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy (PEG), 279
Prednisone
dermatomyositis and, 74
polymyositis and, 75
Premature infants, 236–237
breathing and, 255
dysphagia and, 257–258
nonnutritive sucking and, 271
survival rates, 249–250
Presbyphagia, aging population and, 212
Pressure, sensory perception of, aging population
and, 214
Preswallowing, defined, 270
Preterm babies, 236–237
dysphagia and, 277
GERD and, 277
PRG (Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy), 205
Primary
lactation insufficiency, 234
peristalsis, described, 47
Primitive reflexes, 254
Prochlorperazine, 88
Progesterone, pregnancy and, 230
Progressive supranuclear palsy
dysphagia and, 12
Parkinson disease and, 75
supranuclear palsy (PSP), 75–76
systemic sclerosis (PSS)
esophageal dysmotility and dysphagia., 79–80
MCTD and, 89
Prokinetic agents, 87
Prophylactic therapy, HNCs and, 182–183
Propulsid, 87
Prostheses
GMFO score and, 105
hard palate, 105
maxillary, 105
oral, palate surgery and, 104
soft palate, 105
tongue, 106, 107
Prosthetic management, goals of, 106–107
Protein
aging population and, 214
calorie malnutrition (PCM), 205
Proximal probe, 65
Pseudomembranous mucositis, radiation therapy
and, 116
PSP (Progressive supranuclear palsy), 75–76
PSS (Progressive systemic sclerosis)
esophageal dysmotility and dysphagia., 79–80
MCTD and, 89
Psychological
symptoms of dementia, 215
well-being and, 7–8
Pterygoid, Duchenne dystrophy and, 74
Pulmonary
compromised, aspiration and, 62
disorders, dysphagia and, 67
INDEX 371
malformations, breathing and, 255
problems, compromised, aspiration and, 63
syndromes, aspiration and, 63
Pulse oximetry
described, 135
trail swallows with, 135–136
Pulsion diverticulum, 117
Pumping
breast milk, 238–239
for breastfeeding, 237
Puree aspiration, aspiration pneumonia and, 65
Pureed foods, defined, 197
Pyriform pooling, 274
Q
Quality of life
assessments, 9
diet modification and, 190
dysphagia and, 5
early intervention and, 9
long-term dysphagia and, 116
malnutrition, 5–6
swallowing disorders and, 4–8
aspiration, 4
dehydration, 4–5
weight loss and, 6
R
RA (Rheumatoid arthritis), 88–89
Radial forearm free flap surgery (RFFF), 108
Radiation therapy
case study, 299–301
dysphagia and, 10, 116
squamous cell carcinoma, 13
swallowing disorders after, 13, 116–117
taste and, 34
Randomized controlled trials (RCT), 125
Range-of-motion tasks, oral containment/chewing
and, 271
Raynaud disease, 90
RBWH (Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital)
Dysphagia Screening Tool, 127, 128
RCT (Randomized controlled trials), 125
Recurrent laryngeal nerve, 49
Reflexes, Primitive, 254
Reflux
breastfeeding and, 233
chronic laryngitis, dysphagia and, 10
gastroesophageal, 14
laryngopharyngeal, 14
protection/injury, determinants of, 81
Reflux finding score (RFS), 83, 131
Reglan, 87
Regular foods, defined, 197
Regurgitation
acid, GERD and, 80
breastfeeding and, 233
eosinophilic esophagitis and, 84
LPRD and, 83
myasthenia gravis and, 73
Zenker diverticulum and, 117
Rehabilitative swallowing therapy, 171–172
exercise programs, 175–177
exercises, specific impairments and, 176
jaw exercises, 174
laryngeal exercises, 175
lip exercises, 172
oral motor exercises, 172
Shaker exercise, 177–179
tongue exercises, 172–174
Repetitive
speech, BPSD and, 215
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 184–185
Reproductive cancers, breastfeeding, 226
Respiration, deglutition and, 52–54
Respiratory tract, Wegener granulomatosis and, 90
RFFF (Radial forearm free flap surgery), 108
Rheogram, defined, 192
Rheology, 191
applications of, 192–193
terminology, 192
Rheometer, defined, 192
Rheumatic laryngeal, cricoarytenoid joint fixation
and, 88
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 88–89
Rifampin, side effects of, 85
Right hemispheric stroke, dysphagia and, 71
Rings, esophageal, 79
Rituximab, myasthenia gravis and, 74
Rooting reflex, 254
Royal Brisbane Women’s Hospital (RBWH)
Dysphagia Screening Tool, 127, 128
RSI (Reflux Symptom Index), 131
rTMS (Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation),
184–185
Ryles nasogastric tube, 204
S
Safe swallowing, 255
Salicylates, 85