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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_4464_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
352 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Bolus
aging population and, 213
ALS and, 70
anterior faucial pillars and, 43
flow, tumors and, 101
mastication and, 45
monitoring of, 144
normal swallowing and, 45
pathway of, 61
penetration, 61
peristalsis and, 47
tongue and, 35
transfer, from tongue base to esophagus, 115
ultrasound and, 153
Bone marrow transplantation, esophagitis and, 84
Bottles, flows of, 273
Botulinum toxin injection
achalasia and, 78
into CPM, GERD and, 83
paralyzed vocal fold and, 157
Zenker diverticulum and, 82
Boys, weight-for-age, 232
BPSD (Behavioral and psychological symptoms of
dementia), 215
Bra
sports, 240
tight-fitting, 240
Brain, parenchyma, skull base surgery and, 112
Brainstem
midsagittal view of, 25
skull base surgery and, 112
swallowing and, 52, 68
upper portion of, 22
Breast
appearance of, milk production and, 234
stages of development, 227, 229
surgery, milk production and, 234
Breastfeeding
benefits of, 238
high feeding frequency, 233–234
initiation of, 226
latching, 227
multidisciplinary care team and, 226
nipple placement, 233
problems, 230–236
nipple pain, 231
pumping and, 238–239
supplemental nursing system, 240
volume tolerance, 233
weaning, 239–240
suppressing lactation, 239–240
Breathing
conditions that impair, 255
swallowing and, 61
Broca area, 59
motor cortex and, 60
Bronchopneumonia, 64
Buccal mucosa
neoplasms of, 101
ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and, 90
Buccinator muscles, function of, 31
Bulbar
myasthenia gravis and, 73
spinal muscular atrophies and, 75
weakness, ALS and, 70–71
Buried bumper syndrome, 205
Burke Dysphagia Screening Test (BDST), 72,
127–128
Burns
esophageal, 84
swallowing disorders and, 15
C
Calcium
hydroxyapatite gel, VFI and, 109
implants, 110
Camera, GERD and, 66
Cancer
aging population and, 213
dysphagia and, 10, 57
head/neck
aspiration pneumonia and, 64
case study, 304
dysphagia and, 182
laryngeal, case study, 297–298
partial laryngeal surgeries, 109
reproductive, breastfeeding and, 226
tongue and, dysphagia and, 103–104
upper aerodigestive tract, 13
Candidiasis, 84
breast nipple and, 231
CAP (Community-acquired pneumonia), 6–7
Carbamazepine, 87
Carcinoma
of esophagus, 119
squamous cell, upper aerodigestive tract, 13
Cardiac-related conditions, swallowing disorders and,
14
Cardiopulmonary
conditions, pediatric dysphagia and, 249
dysphasia, 248
INDEX 353
Cardiovascular
accident, hospitalization of, 67
aging population and, 213
disease, human milk and, 226
integrity, breastfeeding, 226
Careful hand feeding (CHF), 217
aging population and, 216, 217
Cartilage implants, 110
Case history
instrumental evaluations, pediatric dysphagia and,
263–264
taking, 259–264
clinical evaluation, 259–262
Case study
ASD, 282–283
clinical evaluation, pediatric dysphagia and,
259–262
components of, 132
diagnosis and, 289–291
down syndrome, 282
facilities, 293
growth faltering, 282–283,
instrumentation, 291–292
intellectual impairment, 282
neuromuscular weakness, 282–283
personnel, 292–293
from voice/swallowing centers, 293
cough, 295–296, 303
dysphagia, 298–299, 302–303
early laryngeal cancer, 297–298
failure to thrive autistic child, 301–302
head/neck cancer, 304
hoarseness, 295–296, 303
laryngomalacia, 303–304
laryngospasm, 302–303
late radiation therapy effects, 299–301
Parkinson disease, 293–295
vocal fold paralysis, 298–299
Zenker diverticulum, 296–297
Central nervous system (CNS), 22
midsagittal view of, 24
swallowing and, 58
Cerebral palsy
complications of, 250
dysphagia and, 246
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), 10–11
described, 71–72
dysphagia and, 205–206
rate of, 12
hospitalization and, 67
prevalence of, 10
Cervical
auscultation, 135
dysphasia, GERD and, 80
spine, disorders of anterior, 90–94
Chagas disease, described, 84
Cheilitis, Chron’s disease and, 89
Chemical pneumonitis, 63
Chemotherapy
esophagitis and, 84
HNCs and, 116
squamous cell carcinoma, 13
Chest pain
eosinophilic esophagitis and, 84
GERD and, 80
Chewing, pacing techniques, 278
CHF (Careful hand feeding), 217
aging population and, 216, 217
Children/infants
feeding disorders
aspiration vs. sensory etiologies, 277
case illustrations, 282–283
collaborative goal setting, 275–278
feeding teams, 275–276
growth faltering, 278–279
liquid thickeners and, 276–277
nonoral nutrition and, 279
nutrition requirements, 280–281
partnering with pediatricians, 275
support for families, 283
swallowing phases, 270–275
Chills, deep neck infections and, 85
Chin
down position, swallowing, 169, 170
tuck against resistance (CTAR), 179
Chloramphenicol, side effects of, 85
Chlorhexidine-containing mouth rinse, 166
Chloroquine, side effects of, 85
Chlorpromazine, 87
Choking
aging population and, 215
LPRD and, 83
myasthenia gravis and, 73
Choreiform, disfiguring, antipsychotic medications
and, 88
Chronic
cough, dysphagia and, 67
diseases, aging population and, 213
obstructive pulmonary disease, 63
pain, aging population and, 213
pneumonia, 63
reflux laryngitis, dysphagia and, 10
354 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Chronic (continued)
traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), 76
Cigarettes, aspiration and, 63
Cisapride, 87
Classes, peer-based newborn, 247
Cleft palate, 246
Clinical swallow evaluation (CSE), 9, 128–129
CN I (Olfactory nerve), sensation to, 35
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve), 45, 50
injury to, 52
tumors and, 101
CN V (Trigeminal nerve), 49
injury to, 52
mastication and, 45
tumors and, 101
CN VII (Facial nerve), 45
CN X (Vagus nerve), 49
tongue and, 34
tumors and, 101
CN XII (Hypoglossal nerve), 50
function of, 27
injury to, 52
tongue and, 34
CNS (Central nervous system), 22
midsagittal view of, 24
swallowing and, 58
Cognitive
assessment, 133
BPSD and, 215
changes, aging population and, 213
deficits
concussions and, 76
stroke patients and, 205
impairment
aging population and, 212
Parkinson disease and, 72
Cold probe, swallowing with, 171
Colostrum, 227
early feeding and, 230
Comfort feeding, 217
steps to, 216
Commands, verbal, aspiration pneumonia and, 65
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, 147
Community acquired
infections, 64
pneumonia (CAP), 6–7
Comorbidities, early intervention and, 8
Compazine, 88
Compensatory
swallowing therapy, 167
training, myasthenia gravis and, 74
Computed tomography (CT), 156–157
Concussions
CTE and, 76
described, 76
Congenital conditions
dysphagia and, 246–247
lung disease, breathing and, 255
Connective tissues, radiation therapy and, 116
Consciousness, altered level of, 64
Constrictor muscles, superior, 41
Duchenne dystrophy and, 74
Contraindications
vocal fold medialization, 109
Zenker diverticulum surgery and, 118
Coordination
anticonvulsants and, 87
antihistamines and, 87
hand-to-mouth, feeding therapy and, 270
swallowing disorders medications and, 85
Cortex, motor/sensory areas of, 59
Cortical
changes, in aging population, 212
neuromodulation treatments, 184–185
Cough/coughing
aging population and, 215
aspiration pneumonia and, 64
case study, 295–296
chronic, dysphagia and, 67
LPRD and, 83
medulla oblongata and, 22
reflex
aspiration and, 63
silent aspiration and, 63
Zenker diverticulum and, 117
CPM (Cricopharyngeal muscle)
botulinum toxin injection to
achalasia and, 78
GERD and, 83
EMG and, 154
esophageal burns, 84
Zenker diverticulum and, achalasia and, 82
Cranial nerves
clinical deficits manifestations, 113
injury, 52
mastication and, 45
midsagittal view of, 25
oral/pharyngeal phases of deglutition and, 29
posterior view of, 26
skull base surgery and, 112
tumors and, 101
Creep test, defined, 192
Cricoarytenoid joint fixation, rheumatic laryngeal
and, 88
INDEX 355
Cricopharyngeal
function, 274
incoordination, anxiolytics and, 88
myotomy
dysphagia and, 75
Zenker diverticulum and, 119
sphincter, 117
Cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM)
botulinum toxin injection
achalasia and, 78
GERD and, 83
EMG and, 154
esophageal burns, 84
Zenker diverticulum and, 82
Cricopharyngeus muscle, 39
esophagus and, 44
inclusive body myositis and, surgery and, 75
Criteria for Adverse Events, 147
Critical care patients, swallowing disorders and,
76–77
Crohn disease, 89
CSE (Clinical swallow evaluation), 9, 128–129
CT (Computed tomography), 156–157
CTAR (Chin tuck against resistance), 179
CTE (Chronic traumatic encephalopathy), 76
Curling, 78
CVAs (Cerebrovascular accidents), 10–11
described, 71–72
dysphagia and, 11, 205–206
rate of, 12
hospitalization and, 67
prevalence of, 10
Cycloserine, side effects of, 85
Cytokines, colostrum and, 230
D
Death
hospital-acquired pneumonia and, 7
long-term dysphagia and, 116
Parkinson disease and, 57
Debilitation, stoke and, 64
Decannulation, 114
Deep neck infections, 84–85
Degenerative diseases, dysphagia and, 10–11
DegHI (The Deglutition Handicap Index), 130
Deglutition
nerves in relation to, 29
respiration and, 52–54
The Deglutition Handicap Index (DegHI), 130
Dehydration
ALS and, 69
described, 4–5
dietitian and, 205
newborns and, 227
stoke and, 64
Delusions, BPSD and, 215
Dementia
aging population and, 213
swallowing and, 214–217
described, 11
dysphagia and, 11
normal swallowing and, 11
pugilistica, 76
symptoms of, behavioral/psychological, 215
tube feeding and, 215–217
Density
defined, 192
described, 192–193
Dental issues, aging population and, 213
Dentures, aging population and, 213
Depression
aging population and, 213
BPSD and, 215
Dermatomyositis, 74, 89
MCTD and, 89
DES (Diffuse esophageal spasm), 78
Developmental delays, dysphagia and, 246
DHI (The Dysphagia Handicap Index), 130, 131
Diabetes mellitus
aging population and, 213
dysphagia and, 67
esophageal dysmotility and dysphagia., 79–80
human milk and, 226
milk production and, 234
swallowing and, 7
Diagnosis, differential, 129
Diazepam, ALS and, 71
Dietitian
dysphagia and, 190–191
SLP and, 190–191
Diets
consistencies of, 193–197
modification, quality of life and, 190
oral nutrition, 193
Differential diagnosis, 129
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), 78
Digastric muscle, action/innervation of, 39
DIGEST-FEES (Dynamic Imaging Grade of
Swallowing Toxicity for Flexible Endoscopic
Evaluation of Swallowing), 147–148, 149
Digestive tract, Chron’s disease and, 89
Dilantin, anticonvulsants and, 87
Distal probe, 65
356 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Diverticula., 78–79
Dopamine, Parkinson disease and, 72
Down syndrome, 246
case study, 282
dysphagia and, 246
Drinks
levels of, 193
modifying viscosity of, 195
Drooling
ALS and, 70
anxiolytics and, 88
cerebral palsy and, 250
deep neck infections and, 85
Dry
eyes, Sjögren syndrome and, 89
mouth
anticonvulsants and, 87
Sjögren syndrome and, 89
swallow, thyroid prominence and, 43
Dual-probe 24 hour-monitor, esophageal diseases
and, 65-66, 65–66
Duchenne dystrophy, 74
Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity for
Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
(DIGEST-FEES), 147–148, 149
Dysarthria
co-occurrence of, 11
stroke and, 71
supraglottic infection and, 85
Dysgeusia, Sjögren syndrome and, 89
Dyskinesia, levodopa and, 87
Dysmorphic conditions, oral intake and, 246
Dysmotility, throat discomfort and, 277
Dysphagia
ACSS and, postoperative, 90
acute care setting and, 9
aging population and, 213
ALS and, 69
ASD and, 275
aspiration pneumonia and, 9
behavioral origins in, 247–248
benzodiazepines and, 88
cancer and, 57
case study, 296–297, 298–299, 303
caused by, 57
Chron’s disease and, 89
co-occurrence of, 11
deep neck infections and, 85
dehydration and, 5
dementia and, 11
dementia, 214–217
dermatomyositis and, 74
DES and, 78
diagnosis of, 47
diagnostic tests, 153
diet guidelines, 200–201
international, 201
dietitian and, 190–191
Duchenne dystrophy and, 74
early intervention and, effects of, 10
epidemiology, 10–16
cerebrovascular accidents, 10–11
neurological diseases, 10–11
stroke, 10–11
epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
etiology of, after radiation therapy, 116
financial
impact of, 8
well-being and, 8
GERD and, 80
HNCs and, 182
hypopharynx surgery and, 108
isometric/swallow tongue-plate pressure and, 152
liquid thickeners and, 276–278
Lyme disease and, 85
MCTD and, 89
muscle tension, 15–16
myotonic dystrophy and, 75
neuroleptic therapy and, 88
neurologic disorders associated with, 68
elderly, 67
injuries and, 67
neuromuscular, diseases and, 67
older population and, 12–13
oral hygiene and, 166
oropharyngeal
incidence of, 11
quality of life and, 6
resection and, 102
Parkinson disease and, 57, 67, 72
patients, clinical findings in, 132
pediatric, etiologies of, 246–249
pneumonia and, 6–7
prematurity and, 257
preterm babies and, 277
quality of life and, 5
RA and, 89
radiation therapy and, 116
acute phase of, 116
rings and, 79
scleroderma and, 90
screening, 125
detecting difficulties, 126
tests, characteristics of, 127
INDEX 357
self-assessments, 129
spine surgery and, 90
stroke and, 57, 71
supraglottic infection and, 85
surgery and, head and neck, 100, 101–102
swallowing and, 4
systemic diseases and, 7
symptom, 4
systemic lupus erythematous, 90
team, 125
tongue cancer and, 103–104
treatment modalities of, 10
types of, 248
ultrasound and, 153
unexplained, 68
webs and, 79
Zenker diverticulum and, 117
The Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), 130, 131
Dystonia
anticonvulsants and, 87
neuroleptic drugs and, 88
E
Early intervention
comorbidities and, 8
effects of, 10
need for, 9–10
Easy to chew foods, defined, 197
EAT-10 (Eating Assessment Tool), 130
Eating
pacing techniques, 278
as social function, 7–8
trunk/neck support while, 247
Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), 130, 131
Eaton-Lambert syndrome, botulism, 73
Echoplanar imaging, 155
Effortful swallow, 168, 169
EGD (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy), 157
EGD (Esophogastroduodenoscopy), 277
Elderly
chronic diseases and, 213
cognitive changes in, 213
cortical changes in, 212
dementia and, swallowing and, 214–217
described, 212
EMST device for, 180
feeding assistance, 218
ethical considerations, 218–219
tips for, 217
nutrition in, 214
physical changes in, 212–213
sarcopenia and, 212–213
swallowing and, 212–214
changes in, 213–214
pharyngeal phase, 213
tube feeding and, 215–217
Electrical stimulation, 183
Electromyography (EMG), 154–155
EMG (Electromyography), 154–155
Emotional
BPSD and, 215
dysregulation, milk production and, 234
health, aging population and, 212
Empyema, 64
EMST (Expiratory muscle strength training), 179–180,
274
Encephalopathy, chronic traumatic, 76
End-of-life stage, ethical considerations, 218–219
Endoscope, physical examination and, 132
Endoscopic ultrasound, 153–154
Endoscopy, 156–157
Endotracheal, swallowing disorders and, 13
Enteral feeding, 8, 201–204
Environmental modifications, BPSD and, 215
EoE (Eosinophilic esophagitis), 277
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), 277
described, 84
Epidemiology
dysphagia, 10–16
cerebrovascular accidents, 10–11
neurological diseases, 10–11
Epidermolysis bullosa, 89
Epiglottitis, 85
Erythema, radiation therapy and, 116
Erythromycin, side effects of, 85
Esophageal
body, described, 46
burns, 84
diseases, dual-probe 24-hour monitor, 65–66
inflammatory disorders, 80–84
manometry, 152
motility
disorders, 79–80, 151
MCTD and, 89
pH monitoring, 157–159
phase of swallowing, 46–48
reflux, nasoduodenal tubes and, 204
rings, 79
sphincter, upper, 51
swallowing
disorders, 77–84
stage, aging population and, 214
ulceration, antineoplastic agents and, 87
358 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Esophageal (continued)
upper, muscles of, 31
webs, 79
Esophagitis, 84
antibiotics and, 85
antineoplastic agents and, 87
GERD and, 80
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), 157
Esophagram, barium swallow,
upper gastrointestinal series, 156
Zenker diverticulum and, 83
Esophagus
carcinoma of, 119
cricopharyngeus muscle and, 44
described, 44, 77
epidermolysis bullosa and, 89
fibrosis of, 61
function of, 44
infections of, 84
muscles in relation to, 28
muscular wall of, 77
pharynx and, 44
sarcoidosis and, 90
sphincter attachments, 48
stenosis of, 61
stomach and, 44
swallowing and, 30
Esophogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), 277
ESPEN (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and
Metabolism), 205
Estrogen, pregnancy and, 230
Ethambutol, side effects of, 85
Ethics
biomedical, 16–17
biometric, 219
feeding assistance, 218–219
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and
Metabolism (ESPEN), 205
European Society for Swallowing Disorders, 214
European Union Geriatric Medicine Society, 214
Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and
Intervention, 125
Evidence
based practice, 124–125, 131–136 164–165
steps in, 125
search, 125
Evidence Maps, 125
IN/EX (Inspiration, apnea event, expiration), 53
Examination, comprehensive, dietitian assisted, 191
Exercise programs, rehabilitation swallowing therapy,
175–177
EX/EX (Expiration, apnea event, expiration), 53
EX/IN (Expiration, apnea event, inspiration), 53
Exocrine glands, tongue and, 36–37
Exophytic tumors, 101
Expiration
apnea event
expiration (EX EX), 53
inspiration (EX/IN), 53
swallowing and, 115
Expiratory
muscle strength training (EMST), 179–180, 274
training device, 180
speaking valves, 114–115
conditions not appropriate for, 115
Expressed milk, unaltered, least-restrictive
modifications and, 273
External beam radiation therapy (XRT), long-term
effects of, 116
Extraesophageal reflux, GERD and, 80
Extrinsic muscles, 37
Eye, blinking, medulla oblongata and, 22
F
Face
atrophy, ALS and, 69
muscles of
actions/innervations of, 34
anterior superficial view of, 32
lateral view of right side, 33
sensation to, 35
Facial nerve (CN VII), 45
injury to, 52
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, described,
74
Failure to thrive, 278–279, 282–283
case study, 301–302
Families, 282
diverse, caring for, 239–240
support of
children/infants swallowing disorders, 282–283
pediatric dysphagia and, 264–265
Fascia, VFI and, 109
FAST (Fast low-angle shot), 155
Fast low-angle shot (FAST), 155
Fatigue
aspiration pneumonia and, 64
Lyme disease and, 85
Shaker exercise and, 178
Feeding
anatomy of, 250
assistance, 217
ethical considerations, 218–219
INDEX 359
tips for, 218
comfort, steps to, 216, 217
defined, 270
devices, 271
disorders, cerebral palsy and, 250
goals of, 237–239
infants and, 271
least-restrictive modifications, 273
pacing techniques, 278
patterns of, neonatal, 230
physiology of, 250, 254–255
plans, combining, 239
therapy, 270
vs. swallowing, 250–257
Feeding disorders
children/infants
aspiration vs. sensory etiologies, 277
case illustrations, 282–283
collaborative goal setting, 275–278
feeding teams, 275–276
growth faltering, 278–279
liquid thickeners and, 276–277
nonoral nutrition and, 279
nutrition requirements, 280–281
partnering with pediatricians, 275
support for families, 283
swallowing phases, 270–275
intellectually impaired, swallowing safety,
277–278
FEES (Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing),
64, 142–147
aspiration pneumonia and, 6, 65
measurement scales for, 146–147
pediatric dysphagia and, 246
setup, 145–146
swallowing and, 277
FEESST (Flexible endoscopic evaluation of
swallowing with sensory testing), 14, 144–146
Fever, deep neck infections and, 85
Fibrosis
radiation therapy and, 116
scleroderma and, 90
Financial well-being, 8
Flaccidity, ALS and, 69
Flexible endoscope, physical examination and, 132
Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES),
64, 142–147
aspiration pneumonia and, 6, 65
measurement scales for, 146–147
pediatric dysphagia and, 246
setup, 145–146
swallowing and, 277
Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with
sensory testing (FEESST), 144–146
swallowing disorders and, 13
Flow test, appropriate fluid thickening level, 196
Fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFS), swallowing
and, 277
fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging),
155–156
FOIS (Functional Oral Intake Scale), 136
Food and Nutrition Board of the National
Academies of Science, Engineering, and
Medicine, 214
Foods, 197–200
eosinophilic esophagitis and, 84
modifying viscosity of, 195
pocketing in mouth, 214
preparation of, IDDS and, 199
properties of, 191–193
texture, 199
characteristics of, 198
modification of, 197–200
Forceful
let-down, 234–235
milk ejection reflex, 234–235
Foremilk balance, 235
Frailty, aging population and, 213
Framework surgery, laryngeal, 110–112
Frazier Water Protocol, 197
Free Water Protocol, 197
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),
155–156
Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), 136
Fussiness
breastfeeding and, 233
neurological immaturity and, 247
G
Gag reflex, 133
Galactogogues, 234
Gamma camera, 157
Ganciclovir, side effects of, 85
Gastric distress, antihistamines and, 87
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)
aspiration pneumonia and, 65
breastfeeding and, 233
pediatric dysphagia and, 247
swallowing disorders and, 14
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
controlled study of, 66–67
described, 80–83
diagnostic tests of, 153
360 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDERS
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
(continued)
esophageal pH monitoring, 157–159
infants and, 277
MCTD and, 89
mechanisms of, 80
preterm babies and, 277
RSI and, 131
Sjögren syndrome and, 89
systemic lupus erythematous, 90
Zenker diverticulum and, 119
Gastrointestinal
disorders, swallowing, 4
dysfunction
aspiration and, 64
levodopa and, 87
tract, endoscopic ultrasound and, 153
Gastroparesis, nasoduodenal tubes and, 204
Gastrostomy, 204–205
mini-laparotomy, 204–205
tubes, 204–205
dependence, 116–117
Gelatin paste, VFI and, 109
Genioglossus muscle, 37
Geniohyoid muscle, 35
function of, 37
tongue, 35
Geniohyoid muscles, 37
GER (Gastroesophageal reflux), aspiration
pneumonia and, 65
GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
aspiration pneumonia and, 65
controlled study of, 66–67
described, 80–83
diagnostic tests of, 153
esophageal pH monitoring, 157–159
infants and, 277
MCTD and, 89
mechanisms of, 80
preterm babies and, 277
RSI and, 131
Sjögren syndrome and, 89
systemic lupus erythematous, 90
Zenker diverticulum and, 119
Gestation, 227
GI (Gastrointestinal tract), endoscopic ultrasound
and, 153
Giant cell arteritis, 89
Gingiva, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and, 90
Girls, weight-for-age, 232
Glabellar reflex, 254
Global measure of functional outcome (GMFO),
104–105
Globus
GERD and, 80
LPRD and, 83
Glomerulonephritis, Wegener granulomatosis and,
90
Glossectomy surgery
partial, swallowing and, 103
prosthetic rehabilitation goals, 107
swallowing
treatments to improve, 107
speech disorders and, 106
Glossitis, antibiotics and, 85
Glossodynia, Sjögren syndrome and, 89
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), 45, 50
injury to, 52
tongue and, 35
tumors and, 101
Glossoptosis, pediatric dysphagia and, 247
Glottic
closure, during swallowing, 115
incompetence, strengthening laryngeal closure
and, 10
Glottis, anticonvulsants and, 87
Glycosaminoglycans polysaccharides, VFI and, 109
GMFO (Global measure of functional outcome),
104–105
Goal setting, collaborative, 275–278
Gore-Tex implants, 110
medialization laryngoplasty and, 111
Growth, faltering, 278–279
case study, 282–283
Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS), 127
Gum, chewing difficulty and, 271
GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen), 127
H
H1-receptor antagonists, 85, 87
Haldol, 87
Haloperidol, 87
Hand-to-mouth coordination, feeding therapy and,
coordination, 270
Hard palate
prostheses, 105
surgery of, 104
tumors and, 101
Wegener granulomatosis and, 90
Head
back position, swallowing, 169
INDEX 361
cancer
aspiration pneumonia and, 64
dysphagia and, 10, 182
malnutrition and, 206
prophylactic swallowing therapy and, 182–183
swallowing disorders and, 181
down position, swallowing, 170
injury, dysphagia and, 10–11
lift exercise, 177
muscles of
anterior superficial view of, 32
lateral view of right side, 33
neck, 13
oncology, 13
overview of, 23
rotation position, swallowing, 169, 170
surgery, 102–108
tilt, swallowing, 169, 170
tumors in, 101
Head or neck cancer (HNC)
dysphagia and, 100, 101–102
malnutrition, 206
outcomes effect, 100
Health
emotional, aging population and, 212
physical, aging population and, 212
Hearing, aging population and, 213
Heartburn
GERD and, 80
LPRD and, 83
MCTD and, 89
Hemiparesis, stroke patients and, 205
Herpes simplex virus, 84
Hiatal hernia, 79
High
blood pressure, swallowing and, 7
feeding frequency, 233–234
resolution manometry (HRM), 151, 152
Hindmilk balance, 235
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus), esophagitis
and, 84
HNC (Head or neck cancer), 100
cancer, case study, 295–296
dysphagia and, 100, 101–102, 182
malnutrition, 206
Hoarseness
case study, 295–296
LPRD and, 83
Homogeneous, defined, 192
Hospital-acquired
aspiration pneumonia, 7
antibiotics and, 64
Hospitalized patients, 13–14
swallowing disorders and, 13
HRM (High resolution manometry), 151, 152
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), esophagitis
and, 84
Human milk
benefits of, 226
cross-disciplinary educational opportunities, 241
expressed, pump, 237
least-restrictive modifications and, 273
flow intolerance, 234–235
forceful milk ejection reflex, 234–235
high production of, 234–235
inadequate production of, 234
premature babies and, 236–237
providing to medically complex child, 237
pumping, 238–239
skin-to-skin, 237
transitions of, 230
Huntington disease, dysphagia and, 12
Hyaluronic acid gel, VFI and, 109
Hydration, swallowing and, 87
Hydrogen, mucosal damage by, 81
Hydroxyapatite implants, 110
ethical considerations, 218–219
Hygiene, oral, 166
Hyoglossus muscle, 37
Hyoid bone
larynx and, 37
movement, EMST and, 179
suprahyoid muscles and, 37
Hyperbilirubinemia, 234
Hypersensitivity
neurological immaturity and, 247
syndromes, 247
Hypertension
aging population and, 213
EMST and, 180
Hypertonicity, cricopharyngeal function and, 274
Hypertrophy, cricopharyngeal function and, 274
Hypervitaminosis, 87
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), 34, 50
function of, 27
injury to, 52
tongue and, 34
Hypoglycemia, 234
Hypopharyngeal
cancer, 108
retention, anxiolytics and, 88
surgery, 108