Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5182_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

The total content of macroelements important for human nutrition, which include K, P, Na, Ca, and Mg, reaches 60– 70% of the mass of ash of wild and cultivated species of edible mushrooms (Kalač, 2009). Mushrooms are particularly rich in potassium and phosphorus – macroelements, the content of which can be up to 50 and 16% of the ash mass, respectively (Vetter, 2019). Potassium (K) is the primary and rst mineral component in all mushrooms, including wild- growing species. The level of K in caps is signicantly higher than in stipes. Proper K is an essential element of our up- to- date, healthy nutrition, so the K content of food is also a factor of medical signicance. The biological importance of phosphorus- containing molecules (P) is beyond doubt. The P- content of cultivated mushrooms (Table 13.4) is remarkable, but the variability of these data is signicantly high. The Mg- level is high and varies between 8– 16 mg/ 100 g DW. Bell et al. (2022) wrote that sodium and potassium are crucial in preserving the osmotic equilibrium in animal systems between intestinal uid and cells. Edible mushrooms are effective at lowering blood pressure, reducing the risk of osteoporosis, and maintaining bone health. Additionally, the high potassium and low Na salt content in mushrooms made them a useful meal to ght high blood pressure and cardiovas­cular disorders (Desisa et al., 2024). Mushrooms contain many microelements, some of which are decient in the human diet: iron, cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium, which are part of the coenzymes present in many biochemical metabolic processes of life support. The content of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn in industrially cultivated mushrooms can vary widely, which is undoubtedly due to the different content of these elements in the substrate. It is known that iron plays a crucial role in the production of hemo­globin and its deciency leads to anemia. Most iron can be found in meat products, but many people do not eat meat now and may lack this microelement. Mushrooms contain a healthy level of iron. Thus, in fruiting bodies of S. rugosoannulata can be from 1.65 to 2.24 mg iron per 100 g DW (Wei et al., 2023). The content of selenium, an important factor in maintaining health, can range from 0.012 to 20 mg/ kg DW of fruiting bodies (Niedzielski et al., 2014). Selenium- enriched cultivated fungi can occupy a special niche among functional foods and special food additives as important sources of “organic” selenium (Morris et al., 2016). However, the selenium content in such products should be standardized and regulated because in large doses it is toxic. Huang et al. (2023) reported that S. rugosoannulata fruiting bodies could be excellent carriers of organic Zn and Se to humans. The mycelium of S. rugosoannulata cultured in a Zn- Se- rich liquid medium can produce organic Zn of up to 21.0 mg/ 100 g and organic Se of up to 82 mg/ 100 g DW. The fruiting body of S. rugosoannulata grown in the wild can contain Se up to 0.26 mg/ 100 g DW (Jiang et al., 2023). The differences in mineral content observed among fungi may be largely due to the different mineral composition of the substrates used for their cultivation (Bach et al., 2017; Desisa et al., 2024; Lee et al., 2009).