Разрешение финансовых споров в странах АТР Индия. Учебное пособие
.pdfɨɬɱɟɬɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ$'5 ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɭɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ$'5 ɫɭɞ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɚ
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɟɚɜɬɨɪɵɉɢɤɨɤɇɢɤɋɭɪɬɚɧɢȾɨɧɧɢɢȼɟɧɭɝɨɩɚɥɄɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɢ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ©ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɹªmediationɢ ©ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚª (conciliation) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɂɧɞɢɢɜɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɟ ɝɩɨɞɟɥɭ©©Afcons v Varkey»ȼ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ©ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɹª ɢ ©ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪª ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ©ɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚª
(conciliation)ɢ ©ɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɬɟɥɶª(conciliator)
ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɝ Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996).70 Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɝ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɝ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɨɜɟɥɥɚɦ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɟɫɥɢɦɟɫɬɨɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɫɭɞɵ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɛɟɡ ɜɟɫɨɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢɯ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ
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ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɩɨɪɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚby fast-track procedures
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ (compromise) ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜȽɉɄ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɝɢɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɝ the Indian Contract Act 1872ɝɞɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ
ɟɫɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟdecree)ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɚɯ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɝ Ⱥɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɞ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ
ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧon behalf of numerous parties) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɞɚ
ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚminors)ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɞɨɦ
ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɝ ɜ ɪɟɞ ɝ. (Code of Civil Procedure - CPC), ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ(court-annexed mediation)
ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ,,, Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɛ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɝ Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 - ACA)ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ
ɋɢɬɤɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ.ȼ.Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɣɞɟɬ ɥɢ ɂɧɞɢɹ ɜ ɩɹɬɟɪɤɭ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ" Ɇ ©ɑɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɵɪɵª ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟª Ɇ ʋ ɋ
Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ,,, Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨɛ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɝ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɟ ɘɇɋɂɌɊȺɅ ɝ ȼ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɨɥɢ ©ɩɪɢɦɢɪɢɬɟɥɟɣª(conciliator)ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɚ (settlement agreements)ɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɯ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɬ ɞ
ɉɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ Ɋɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ (The Civil Procedure (Mediation) Rules) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ ȽɉɄ ɂɧɞɢɢ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɢɯ ɞɢɫɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɥɶ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɤɭ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ ɞ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝ ɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɚɯ Industrial Disputes Act 1947 ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɝ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɦɢɪɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɪ ɦɢɪɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ
ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝ ɨɛ ɢɧɞɭɢɫɬɫɤɢɯ ɛɪɚɤɚɯ (Hindu Marriage Act 1955) ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɪɚɤɚɯ ɝ (Special Marriages Act 1954) ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɚɯ ɝ (Family Courts Act 1984) ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
Panchu Sriram and Rastogi Avni. 2S FLW
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɭɞ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɪ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ
ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝ ɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɯ Legal Services Authorities Act 1987)ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɅɨɤ Ⱥɞɚɥɚɬɨɜ Lok Adalats);
ɫɬɁɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɯ ɝ (Companies Act 2013)ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɜ Ɍɪɢɛɭɧɚɥ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ (National Company Law Tribunal) ɢ ɜ Ⱥɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɢɛɭɧɚɥ (Appellate Tribunal) ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɦ ɚɤɬɟɊɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɟ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɝ
(Companies Mediation and Conciliation Rules 2016 (notified on 9 September 2016)).
ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝ Consumer Protection Act of 1986 CPA ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ judicial platforms) ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɞɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɠɚɥɨɛ Ȼɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɋɨɜɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣconsumer-protection councils) ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢBanking and financial insurance) ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ©ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢª ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ
7KH &RQVXPHU 3URWHFWLRQ $FW RI &3$ 85/ KWWS QFGUF QLF LQ EDUHBDFWV &RQVXPHU 3URWHFWLRQ$FW KWPO Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
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Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɝThe Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act of 1969) ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɹɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɚɧɤɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɫɟɜɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɡɨɜ ɥɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɱɬɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɰɟɧ
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɂɧɞɢɢ Reserve Bank of India - RBIɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɣ ɋɨɜɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɉɪɢ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɦ Ȼɚɧɤɟ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬȻɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧ Banking Ombudsmanɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯɋɯɟɦɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɝ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɝ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ Ȼɚɧɤ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɋɨɜɟɬ ɩɨ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ Banking Codes and Standards Board of India – BCSBIɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧBCSBI ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜIndian Banks' Association - IBAɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ ©Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɚɧɤɚ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦª
ɝ Code of Bank’s Commitment to Customers ɢ ©Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɚɧɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨ ɢ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦª ɝ Code of Bank’s Commitment to Micro and Small Enterprises) ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ
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ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɈɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɰɟɥɶɷɬɢɯɄɨɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɯɨɪɨɲɢɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɚɧɤɢɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɭɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɏɚɪɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚCharter of Rights for the common person).ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ
Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜODRɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
ȼ ɦɚɪɬɟ ɝ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ Ȼɚɧɝɚɥɨɪɚ the National Law School, Bangalore) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɂɧɞɢɢɨɬɤɪɵɥɚɐɟɧɬɪɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ The Online Consumer Mediation Centreȼ ɞɟɤɚɛɪɟ ɝ ɛɵɥɚ ɡɚɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ©ODRWaysª Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɧɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ Ȼɚɧɝɚɥɨɪɟ OCMC ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ Ɋɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢMediation Rules). ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɘɇɋɂɌɊȺɅ ɩɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ
ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ The court mediation centres) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ Ɍɚɤɢɟ
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Panchu Sriram and Rastogi Avni. Op. cit.
ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɚɯ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɚɯ (district courts)ɗɬɢ ɫɭɞɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢcountry’s first court-annexed mediation centre) ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɝɜȼɵɫɨɤɨɦɫɭɞɟɲɬɚɬɚɆɚɞɪɚɫɢɜɫɤɨɪɟɷɬɚɦɨɞɟɥɶɛɵɥɚɩɟɪɟɧɹɬɚ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ
ȼ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɟɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ
ɰɟɧɬɪɵ
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɪɨɜ ICADR ɇɶɸ Ⱦɟɥɢ (the Indian Centre for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ICADR), New Delhi);
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ Ȼɚɧɝɚɥɨɪ the Indian Institute of Arbitration and Mediation, Bangalore); ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɪɵɜɩɨɪɹɞɤɟɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚɢɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ
ɐɟɧɬɪ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ⱥɯɦɚɞɚɛɚɞthe Arbitration, Mediation, Legal Education and Development Centre, Ahmedabad)
ɐɟɧɬɪ ADR Ʉɟɪɚɥɚ ADR Centre, Kerala); ɰɟɧɬɪ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɐɟɧɬɪɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ (Centre for Public Policy Research);
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɑɟɧɧɚɣthe Indian Centre for Mediation and Dispute Resolution, Chennai);
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ (the India International Mediation Centre) ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥIndian
Institute of Corporate Affairs) ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ
ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
Ⱦɟɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ Delhi International Arbitration Centre)
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬIndian Council of Arbitration),Ⱥɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢConstruction Industry
Arbitration Council - CIAC Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ
Ⱥɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ(International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)),
Ʌɨɧɞɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɮɢɥɢɚɥ ɇɶɸ Ⱦɟɥɢ (the London Court for International Arbitration (LCIA) (Indian Branch)
ȼ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɜ ɝ Ɇɭɦɛɚɣ±The Mumbai Centre for International Arbitration (MCIA).
ɐɟɧɬɪɵ ɩɨ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝ ɜ
ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɫ
ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
Ɋɚɣɨɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɭɦ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum - DCDRF) ɬɚɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ
Panchu Sriram and Rastogi Avni. 2S FLW
Ɋɭɫɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ.ɉ. Ⱥɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ȼ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɟ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢɩɚɦɹɬɢɞɨɤɬɨɪɚɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ ȼ Ʉ ɉɭɱɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɋ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ Ɋɚɣɨɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨ ɦɥɧ ɪɭɩɢɣ ɞɨɥɥ
ɋɒȺ
Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣState Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission - SCDRC ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɤ ©Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɲɬɚɬɚª ɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɲɬɚɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɷɬɨ ɫɭɞ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɲɬɚɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɥɧ ɪɭɩɢɣ ɞɨɥɥ ɋɒȺ
ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissionɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɚ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɥɧ ɪɭɩɢɣ
Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧ Banking Ombudsman ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɦ Ȼɚɧɤɟ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɡɢɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜ ɝ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɠɚɥɨɛ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɨɜɋɯɟɦɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜ ɝ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɝ ɢ ɝ ɋ ɝ ɩɨ ɝ ɩɨ ɋɯɟɦɟ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɠɚɥɨɛ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɠɚɥɨɛɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɥɚɬɟɠɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜ ɨɩɥɚɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɣ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ Fair practices code Ɉɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɸɪɢɫɞɢɤɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜscheduled primary cooperativesɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
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ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɫ ɝ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɣɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸADR ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
x ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚɯ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɫɭɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɫɩɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɹɬɢ ɜɢɞɨɜADRɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠ,ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɹ; ɫɭɞɟɛɧɚɹɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɹ; ɅɨɤȺɞɚɥɚɬɢ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɟ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
x ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ Ʌɨɤ Ⱥɞɚɥɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɟ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬ ȽɉɄ ɂɧɞɢɢ x ȼɂɧɞɢɢɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɩɨɫɨɛɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ± Ʌɨɤ Ⱥɞɚɥɚɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
x ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ