Разрешение финансовых споров в странах АТР Индия. Учебное пособие
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ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ Ȼɚɧɤɚɦɢ
ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɬ ɇɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ Ȼɚɧɤɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ DICGC ɫɛɨɪɵ ɚ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ȼɡɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɛɨɪɵ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɟɣ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢɫɛɨɪɚɦɢɄɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɫɜɨɢɯ
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ɇɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɚɧɤɚ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɦ
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ȼ ɫɬ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ DICGC ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɁɚɤɨɧɨɦɨɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɯ ɝ Companies Act, 1956)31 ɢɥɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɨɞɚ Insurance Act, 1938 ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɤ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨɬ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶª ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ Ɂɚɤɨɧɟ ɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɭɬɢ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ Ɍ ɟ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ȼ ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɟ ɤ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɨDICGC, 1961ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ DICGCɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɯ
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ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ L ɢ-ɁɚɤɨɧɚDICGCɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɚɧɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝ (Banking Regulation Act, «BRA»)ɡɚɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ',&*& ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ DICGC ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɤɭ ɜ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ Ȼɚɧɤɨɦ ɜ ɮɨɧɞ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɉɪɟɦɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɧɨɫɵ ɜɵɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ Ȼɚɧɤɨɦ ɧɨ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɟɦɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɋɭɞ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ ɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɨɣ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɂɧɞɢɢ(Supreme Court of India)ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɨɥɟɢɡɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɂ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɪɨɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɟ ɤ Ɂɚɤɨɧɭ ɨ DICGC, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɫɞɟɥɨɤ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ Ȼɚɧɤɚɦɢ
%DQNLQJ 5HJXODWLRQ$FW KWWS ZZZ KHOSOLQHODZ FRP GRFV WKH EDQNLQJ UHJXODWLRQ DFW GDWH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ
Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ 5%, KWWSV ZZZ UEL RUJ LQ GDWH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ
Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨ ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ Ȼɟɡɛɚɯ ȼ ȼ Ȼɟɥɢɤɨɜɚ Ʉ Ɇ Ȼɚɞɚɟɜɚ ɇ ȼ ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ ɉ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɇ ȼ Ʉɪɢɜɟɧɤɨ Ɉ Ⱥ ɉɪɨɬɨɩɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ ȼ Ɋɭɫɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ ɉ ɋɢɬɤɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ ȼ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɭɞ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɞɟɥɨ Narain Swadeshi Weaving Mills vs The Commissioner Of Excess ... on 25 October, 1954ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ G Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɚɯ ɝɨɞɚFinance Act, 1994.).
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɧɤɚ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɨɜ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨ ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɐɢɬ ɫɨɱ ɋ
%DQNLQJ 5HJXODWLRQ$FW KWWS ZZZ KHOSOLQHODZ FRP GRFV WKH EDQNLQJ UHJXODWLRQ DFW GDWH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ
ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪ Ⱥɲɜɢɧɢ ɋɚɯɭ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥ ɱɬɨ ©ɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ Ʉɨɧɮɢɞɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɟɟ ɧɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ Ɍɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɦª
Ɇɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɆɎɈ
ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ ɆɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɆɎɈ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɛɚɧɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ(National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development - NABARDɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ 6%/3
Ɇɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɆɎɈ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɆɎɈNon-profit MFIs) ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɫɬɵ (Public trusts ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ VRFLHWLHV ɋɟɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ Section 25 companies ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
ɉɪɨɬɨɩɨɩɨɜɚɈɥɶɝɚȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɧɚɊɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɞɪɭɠɛɵɧɚɪɨɞɨɜɊɍȾɇ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ Ʉɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
Sahu Ashwini ,QGLD 3ULYDF\ RI &OLHQW 'DWD 85/ KWWS ZZZ FHQWHUIRUILQDQFLDOLQFOXVLRQ RUJ SXEOLFDWLRQV D UHVRXUFHV FOLHQW SURWHFWLRQ OLEUDU\ LQGLD SULYDF\ RI FOLHQW GDWD Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ƚɋɉ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢNon-banking financial corporations - NBFC
Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɯ ɝɨɞɚɯ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ƚɪɭɩɩ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ȻɚɧɤɚSHG-Bank - Self Help Group-Bank Linkage Program ɫ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ƚɋɉ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɥɢ Ƚɋɉ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɢɡ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɜ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɮɨɧɞ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɹɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɡɚɣɦɨɜ Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ Ɂɚɬɟɦ Ƚɋɉ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɧɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɑɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɚɤɰɢɣ ɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɇɉɈ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development - NABARDɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ƚɋɉ ɢ ɇɉɈ
Sahu Ashwini. Op.cit.
Self Help Group Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ Ƚɋɉ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɢɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɝɪɭɩɩɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɜɂɧɞɢɢɯɨɬɹȽɋɉɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢɜɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɘɠɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ɢ ɘɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ ȼ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ Ƚɋɉ ©ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵª ɫ ɛɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɚɧɤ ɫɚɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɢ(Self Help Group Promoting Institution - SHPI). Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɦ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɇɉɈ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɗɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚɦɢ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɛɚɧɤ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ƚɋɉ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɉɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɯ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ Ƚɋɉ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜɚɦɢȼɬɚɤɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɇɉɈɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɨɜɩɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
Ʉ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
©SKS Microfinanceª ɷɬɨ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɆɎɈ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ©SKS Microfinanceª ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɝ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ SKS ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɚɯ ɢ ɫɨɸɡɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɳɢɧ Ʉɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫGrameen Bank Ȼɚɧɝɥɚɞɟɲ SKS ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɩɪɨɜɟɥɨɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɚɤɰɢɣinitial public offering – IPOɢ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɝ
6SDQGDQD 6SRRUWK\ )LQDQFLDO /WG ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɤɪɭɩɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
Sahu Ashwini. Op.cit.
Ɉɧɚ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ƚɋɉ
. Share Microfin Ltd (SML)ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɆɎɈ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɝɝ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɭɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɧɟɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɡɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɭɸ ɧɨɜɚɬɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ Ȼɚɧɝɥɚɞɟɲ Ƚɪɚɦɢɧ (Bangladesh Grameen Bank’s group). SMLɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɚɯ ɂɧɞɢɢ
Ujjivan Financial Services Ltd – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯɆɎɈɜɂɧɞɢɢɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹɫɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɦɢɛɟɞɧɹɤɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɢɧɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦ Ɉɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ
Ȼɚɧɞɯɚɧ Bandhan ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɦ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɭɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɸ ©Bandhan Financial Services Ltd». Ȼɚɧɞɯɚɧ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ ɦɢɤɪɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɚɯ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɟɧɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ Bandhan Financial ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ
Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɨ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚɦɢɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɰɟɧɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ Ȼɸɪɨ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɪ ɢ ɜɟɫɨɜBureau of Indian Standards and Weights & Measures). ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨɟ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɪɚɦ (National
Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission NCDRC ɤɜɚɡɢɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɫɭɞɟɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ȼɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɞɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɥɚ ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɂɧɞɢɢ(RBI)ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɧɤ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɣ ɋɨɜɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɧɤɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɭɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɋɟɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
(Microfinance Institutions Network - MFIN)ɢ ɋɚ ȾɯɚɧSa-Dhan MFINɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ MFIN ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɤɬɹɛɪɟ ɝ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɋɚ ȾɯɚɧSa-Dhanɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ ɝ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɆɎɈ ɇɉɈ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ NABARD ɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɮɨɪɭɦɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɞɥɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɥɢɰɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɧ ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɋɚ Ⱦɯɚɧ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɚ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɆɎɈ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
1DWLRQDO &RQVXPHU 'LVSXWHV 5HGUHVVDO &RPPLVVLRQ 1&'5& 85/KWWS QFGUF QLF LQ Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
7KH &RQVXPHU 3URWHFWLRQ $FW RI &3$ 85/ KWWS QFGUF QLF LQ EDUHBDFWV &RQVXPHU 3URWHFWLRQ$FW KWPO Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɛ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ȼ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɝ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulations) Bill, 2011),47 ɱɬɨ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɞɡɨɪɨɦ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɂɧɞɢɢ RBI Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɝ (Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɢ ± ɷɬɨ ɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɛɥɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɯ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ ɜ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɥɨɬɟɪɟɢ ɚɡɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶɁɚɤɨɧ ɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɝ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɫɚɦɨɣɜɚɠɧɨɣɜɟɯɨɣɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɂɧɞɢɢ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɵ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɋɨɜɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɲɬɚɬɨɜ Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɧɵɣ Ȼɚɧɤ ɂɧɞɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ȼɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɦɛɭɞɫɦɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɚɥɨɛɚɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɛɨɪɵ ɢ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɣ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ
Sahu Ashwini. Op.cit.
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