Практический курс иностранного языка (грамматический аспект). Методическое пособие
.pdfawareness of our extensive children’s entertainment programme at both the
BSPS summer and winter championships.
“All the children’s entertainment is free and includes a playbus, craft room, iBox bus, football competition, fancy dress, disco and fashion show, and parties for the adults, and enables the BSPS 18… (to stand/standing/stood) out against other major society shows.”
Horse & Hound magazine, which broke the news on 1 April, was 19 … (to force/forcing/forced) 20… (to issue/issuing/issued) a statement on its website 21 … (to have been clarified/ to have clarified/clarifying) that it was a real story.
It stated: “This year, our April fool story was about the earliest example of
‘matchy-matchy’ horse and rider gear, 22 … (to date/dating/dated) from about 35000BC.
“While most readers correctly identified this as a spoof story 23 … (to mark/marking/marked) the day, some assumed that the story 24 … (to publish/publishing/ published) later the same day about the BSPS 25 … (to introduce/introducing/introduced) a hobby horse championship was also an April fool, when it was not.”
Fill in the gaps with the following words and expressions: to first master, soothing, certify, wearing, animal-assisted, drawn, hugging, to comfort, ill-suited, surrounded
Text 5. Would Your Pet Make a Good Therapy Animal?
By Malia Wollan
“Ask yourself, does your animal genuinely love to be loved?” says Tina
Mitchell, a coordinator of volunteers for the 1 … therapy program at the San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (S.P.C.A.). Mitchell and her colleagues train and 2 … dogs, cats, rabbits, pigs and horses 3 … strangers in hospitals, nursing homes, senior centers, psychiatric facilities, schools and airports. Graduates of the program include Alex the Great, a 28-pound Flemish Giant rabbit, and a miniature pig named LiLou.
To be a therapy animal, your pet needs 4 … basic manners, including control of bodily functions and adherence to “sit,” “stay” and “leave it” commands (rabbits and cats are exempt from this requirement). To assess candidates, Mitchell and her colleagues start by handling and 5 … the animals, touching their feet and paws while looking for signs of unease. If an animal shows any signs of fear when 6… by unknown people wanting to touch them, they’re probably 7 … for the job. Your pet should remain unfazed by wheelchairs, walkers, canes, loud noises, small children and other animals. Never force the role of therapist on a shy animal.
Volunteers often bring their pets into the S.P.C.A. to be certified because they’ve noticed the calming effect the creature seems to have out in the world. Research shows that animals confer all kinds of physical and
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emotional benefits on humans. In a recent clinical trial of emergency-room patients at the Royal University Hospital in Saskatchewan, participants who received a 10-minute visit from a therapy dog reported small but statistically significant decreases in pain, as well as lowered anxiety and depression symptoms.
An animal 8 … a vest that reads “Pet me!” might be touched by hundreds of people during a 90-minute session at San Francisco International Airport. Always look for signs of exhaustion and make sure to provide adequate restroom breaks. Keep your animal on a leash or a harness. Remember that you are not the main attraction; you’re there to facilitate a safe and inviting space for one species to soothe another. Don’t initiate an interaction, even if you spot someone who appears perturbed and in need of 9 …. Instead, let the person see your animal and approach only if he or she is 10 … to it.
“Some people may just not like animals,” Mitchell says. “And that’s OK.”
Fill in the gaps with the following words: keep, published, marketed, depending, helping, conducted, finding, validated, providing, considered
Text 6. Medical Meditation? Clinical Yoga? Alternative Therapies Go
Mainstream
By Matt Richtel
A sharp shift in health care is taking place as more than one-third of American adults now supplement or substitute mainstream medical care with acupuncture, meditation, yoga and other therapies long 1 ... alternative. In 2022, 37 percent of adult pain patients used nontraditional medical care, a marked rise from 19 percent in 2002, according to research 2… this week in JAMA. The change has been propelled by growing insurance reimbursement for clinical alternatives, more scientific evidence of their effectiveness and an increasing acceptance among patients.
“It’s become part of the culture of the United States,” said Richard Nahin, the paper’s lead author and an epidemiologist at the National Center of
Complementary and Integrative Health, a division of the National Institutes of Health. “We’re talking about the use for general wellness, stress management use, sleep, energy, immune health.”
And for pain management. The use of yoga to manage pain rose to 29 percent in 2022 from 11 percent in 2002, an increase that Dr. Nahin said reflected in part efforts by patients to find alternatives to opiates, and the influence of media and social media.
“It’s in the public domain so much,” he said. “People hear acupuncture, meditation, yoga. They start to learn.”
The change is impacting medical practitioners as well. Dr. Sean Mackey, chief of the pain medicine division at Stanford Medicine, said that a growing number of studies have 3… alternative therapies, 4 … even traditional clinics like Stanford’s with more mind-body therapies and other
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nonpharmaceutical tools. He said the acceptance of those ideas has grown among younger people in particular, whereas patients of earlier generations may have seen these options as too out there.
“Our parents and our grandparents would look at them and they’re like,
What, are you kidding me?”
At the same time, Dr. Mackey said, the growing prominence of the therapies can be a “double-edged sword” because they do not always provide the relief that is 5 ….
“My advice to people when they’re pursuing this is to do these things for a trial,” he said. “But if it’s not providing long-term durable benefits, don’t just 6… doing it.”
The JAMA article drew its data from the 2002, 2012 and 2022 National Health Interview Survey, which was 7 … in person and by telephone. Researchers used the data to evaluate the use of seven complementary health care approaches: acupuncture, chiropractic care, guided imagery, massage therapy, meditation, naturopathy and yoga.
Meditation as a health therapy jumped sharply, to around 17 percent of American adults in 2022, from around 7.5 percent two decades earlier. Dr.
Nihan said that the low cost was a factor: “How much does it cost to do meditation and yoga?” Such activities vary widely in price, 8 … on whether they are done at home or in classes.
For some people, the alternatives seem to prove superior. Jee Kim started down the traditional-medicine path in 2022 when he was grappling with sleeplessness and anxiety from a separation. His primary care doctor in Boulder, Colo., prescribed medications that Mr. Kim used initially but found to have intolerable side effects.
“I got serious about yoga and meditation,” he said, ultimately 9 … them a better solution. “I tried the pharmaceutical route, but I wanted tools I could come back to. I knew it wouldn’t be my last hard life transition.”
Mr. Kim, 49, a political consultant and a former college tennis player who still plays avidly, also credits yoga with 10 … stave off injury, so much so that he has become an occasional yoga instructor himself. “It’s a pillar of my physical and mental health, at work too,” he said.
Dr. Jennifer Rhodes, a psychiatrist in Boulder who specializes in treating women going through hormonal changes, said that a “majority of my patients use supplementary intervention like those for stress management,” referring to the therapies in the survey. She said that she embraced the concept but cautioned that medications can be crucial, too. “Do acupuncture and massage,” she said. “But it’s not fair to ask for someone who is severely depressed or anxious and not functioning to employ those until they calm their nervous system down.”
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Fill in the gaps with the following words: founded, creating, seeking, ensuring, transforming, allowing, satisfying, tailored, limited, turning
Text 7. 5 Trends In Luxury Travel For 2024
By Judy Koutsky
Luxury travel transcends mere vacations; it embodies the pursuit of exceptional experiences 1 … to the discerning tastes of the traveler. Attention to detail and personalized service are paramount, 2 … journeys into curated adventures that cater to individual desires. From exclusive access to iconic landmarks and private tours with expert guides to lavish accommodations in the world's most exquisite locales, luxury travel offers a seamless blend of comfort, sophistication, and cultural immersion. Every element is meticulously crafted to ensure an unparalleled level of indulgence, 3 … travelers to explore the globe with a sense of exclusivity and refinement.
In recent years, the concept of luxury travel has evolved beyond opulence to embrace authenticity and meaningful connections. Travelers seek unique, immersive experiences that resonate on a personal level, whether it's a private wellness retreat in an unspoiled natural setting, a culinary journey through Michelin-starred restaurants, or an intimate cultural exchange with local artisans. This shift reflects a deeper appreciation for not just the destination, but the journey itself. Luxury travel is now about 4 … memories that last a lifetime, enriching the soul while 5 … the highest standards of comfort and elegance.
As travel trends change, so do luxury tour operators who cater to that market. Scott Dunn has come a long way since its inception in 1986. Initially 6 … as a luxury ski company, it has transformed into a global leader in high-end travel space, crafting immersive journeys to destinations worldwide. From its humble beginnings in the UK, Scott Dunn has expanded its horizons with offices in London, New York, San Diego, and Singapore.
Celebratory Travel Trends
A big trend for 2024 is the preference for travel experiences over traditional celebrations for significant milestones. Scott Dunn's recent survey revealed that 40% of respondents are planning vacations to celebrate milestone occasions in 2024. This shift underscores a growing desire to create lasting memories through travel, whether it's for anniversaries, milestone birthdays, or graduations.
Evolution of Travel Trends
One significant shift in travel trends is the concept of the journey as the destination. Travelers are now seeking glamorous rail journeys and epic boat trips, with Scott Dunn 7 … their itineraries combine the best of land and sea. Travelers are also opting for extended stopovers in gateway destinations, 8 … layovers into mini-vacations. For instance, travelers might spend a few
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days exploring Australia en route to Japan, adding a unique twist to their travel experience.
Expedition cruises are gaining popularity, particularly trips to Antarctica. Aqua Expeditions offers incredible adventures in the Amazon and along the Mekong River, while Belmond provides spectacular river cruises through the scenic regions of France, which can be further customized for private experiences. This growing interest in river cruising highlights a desire for intimate, leisurely journeys.
Wellness Travel Redefined
The luxury wellness sector is also evolving. No longer 9 … to beach resorts with spas, wellness retreats now embrace a holistic approach to health, focusing on physical, emotional, and mental well-being. Longevity is the buzzword for 2024, with travelers seeking retreats that offer customized programs to achieve their individual health goals. Scott Dunn caters to this demand with private, customizable wellness retreats, offering travelers exclusive experiences with wellness gurus in bespoke settings.
New Destinations and Unique Experiences
Post covid, 2024 is the year of meaningful moments. Travelers are no longer waiting for 'someday' to take their bucket-list trips. They are planning these adventures now, 10 … authentic, nostalgic, and intimate experiences. Top destinations travelers, according to Scott Dunn, in 2024 include France, Japan, New Zealand, and Tanzania. France, in particular, is experiencing a surge in bookings, with increased interest in the countryside, French Riviera, and wine regions, driven by the upcoming Summer Olympics in Paris.
Post-Pandemic Travel Attitudes
Post-COVID, Scott Dunn is seeing travelers eager to embark on far-flung adventures, embracing a 'live in the now' attitude. Travelers are prioritizing grand experiences and taking their time to immerse themselves in destinations, a shift from the hurried 'revenge travel' trend that emerged when borders first reopened.
Fill in the gaps with the following words: adding, sightseeing, learning, setting, listening, including, having, talking, visiting, ranging
Text 8. What was it like to visit Russia in 2023?
By Sofia Polyakova
Our readers shared their unique experiences, 1 … from the quietness of locals to the surprising sight of high-heels in snow and the ubiquitous tea culture!
1. Breaking prejudices & expectations
Travelers that we spoke to emphasized the importance of 2 … aside mediadriven perceptions. Ari from Brazil has visited Russia more than 15 times in the last 12 years, advises: “Switch off your TV and ditch your prejudice.”
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Rachael Weston from the U.S. echoed this sentiment. She found Russia to be vastly different from its portrayal in Western media when she visited Moscow for the first time in 2023.
Despite initial concerns about visa complications and diplomatic tensions, her experience at the Russian consulate was unexpectedly welcoming, she admits.
2. Moscow’s attractions & safety
Rachael explored Moscow’s famous sites 3 … the Red Square, the GUM, the Kremlin, Gorky Park and Izmailovsky Bazaar.
“GUM and the Red Square were my favorites! I went there several times and especially liked them at night,” she says.
Due to sanctions, Rachael had to bring a lot of cash, which was initially stressful. However, she found Moscow to be very safe and had no problems. Rachael used the subway and taxis to get around the city and felt safe, even when 4 … alone. She was particularly struck by the quietness of the
Moscow Metro: “I was surprised at how quiet people are, especially on the subway, where everyone kept to themselves, 5 … with headphones or 6 … softly with their partners. It was a really nice change from the subways in other major cities.”
3. Cultural encounters and language barriers
Ilaria from Italy, who visited her Russian boyfriend in Novosibirsk, jokes that the only thing she didn’t like about 7 … Russia was 8 … to leave. “I traveled to a lot of countries and I can confirm that Russians are amazing people!” she says. Despite her limited Russian, locals were eager to help.
However, Fateme from Iran had a contrasting experience in St. Petersburg, where she found communication difficult, due to limited English proficiency among locals. She suggests 9 … at least some basic Russian for a smoother experience.
Ari from Brazil notes significant changes in Russia since her first visit in 2011. She observes that the nation is evolving and becoming even more open to foreigners.
“They used to be colder and more reserved in the past. Now, I find that they are opening up a lot recently and becoming friendlier,” Ari shares. She is continuously amazed by Russian cultural traits, such as excessive teadrinking, 10 … dill to every dish and wearing high-heels in snowy weather!
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PART 3. TEXTS FOR GRAMMAR ANALYSIS
PLAN FOR ANALYSIS
Each text should be analysed according to the following scheme:
1.Read and translate the text, summarise it.
2.Write out all the unknown words. Make up sentences of your own with them.
3.Put 5 questions of different types to all the underlined sentences.
4.Find in the text:
a)verbs taking the to-infinitive;
b)verbs taking the –ing form;
c)verbs taking the to-infinitive or the –ing form with a change in meaning;
d)verbs taking the to-infinitive or the –ing form without a change in meaning.
5. Write out all the infinitives in the following groups:
a) Active: Present ((to) lose); Present Continuous ((to) be losing); Perfect ((to) have lost; Perfect Continuous ((to) have been losing).
b) Passive: Present ((to) be lost); Perfect ((to) have been lost). Define the function of the infinitive.
Explain the usage of the bare infinitive in the text.
Is the subject of the infinitive the same as the subject of the main verb or is it different?
6. Write out all the –ing forms (gerund) in the following groups: a) Active: Simple (losing); Perfect (having lost)
b) Passive: Simple (being lost); Perfect (having been lost). Define the function of the –ing form.
Is the subject of the –ing form the same as the subject of the main verb or is it different?
7. Write out all the participles in the following groups: a) present participles (staying, leaving, etc);
b) past participles (left, etc);
c) perfect participles (having left, etc). Comment on the usage of the participles.
8. Write out all the modal verbs according to their function: a) ability;
b) obligation, duty, necessity; c) absence of necessity;
d) prohibition;
e) logical assumption; f) probability;
g) possibility; h) permission;
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i)requests;
j)offers;
k)suggestions;
l)advice;
m)criticism.
9.Find all the expressions similar to modal verbs.
10.Comment on the form of the infinitive after modal verbs.
11.Find all the conditional sentences in the text. Define the type. Comment on the use of tenses.
12.Are there any mixed conditionals in the text?
13.Comment on the usage of the verb to wish and the expression if only in the text.
14.Comment on the usage of the structures had better and would rather in the text.
15.Write out from the text:
a)reported statements;
b)reported questions;
c)reported commands/requests/suggestions.
Comment on the necessary changes and introductory verbs.
Text 1. Many high schools are curbing the use of AI. These schools are leaning in
By Samantha Murphy Kelly
At Princeton High School, students are trying to combat the rapid decline of indigenous languages with some unlikely help: a furry, wide-eyed stuffed animal named Che’w.
But Che’w isn’t a standard plush toy. He’s a wildly intelligent generative AI robot that speaks Mam, a Mayan language spoken in the western highlands of Guatemala and Mexico and by a small population of the school’s students. The language is currently at risk of extinction, according to UNESCO; the students hope Che’w can help change that.
At a time when some high schools are restricting the use of AI in the classroom, others, like Princeton High School, are leaning into it.
In the short 18 months since the launch of viral chatbot ChatGPT, generative AI has emerged as a revolutionary technology in the field of artificial intelligence. Its capabilities have impressed both users and experts with its ability to perform a range of tasks, from generating creative content, essays and games to conducting mathematical equations, summarizing complicated concepts and more. All that is already reshaping various parts of our lives, including education.
But the technology has leaped ahead far faster, in many cases, than schools’ understanding of how to use it. And with new products out this week from
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Google’s XYZ initiative and OpenAI’s new GPT-4o, many teachers and districts realize they cannot avoid the subject.
Dr. Joy Barnes-Johnson, the science administrator for PHS, said the school is “trying to embrace AI” as much as possible. “It’s a tool, just like a pencil is technology that helps communication.”
She said the school will host an AI summit this summer with its teachers and administrators to have a conversation about how generative AI should or shouldn’t be used in the classroom.
“In the beginning of the school year, we talked about how AI is the world we’re in now and we have a responsibility to prepare kids for the world they will inherit,” she said. “The idea is that it will help people connect and learn, so we [as teachers] have to not be afraid of it.”
Proceeding with caution
When ChatGPT launched in November 2022, teachers worried that the tool, which can generate convincing responses and essays in response to user prompts, could make it easier for students to cheat on assignments. Some also worried ChatGPT and similar tools could be used to spread inaccurate information.
Not long after its launch, New York City public schools became one of the first school districts to ban students and teachers from using ChatGPT on the district’s networks and devices.
Other schools reacted similarly in the weeks and months that followed, including the Los Angeles Unified School District and Seattle Public Schools, which blocked access to ChatGPT on their networks.
Some of these districts have evolved their policies over time. The LAUSD, for example, has since launched a chatbot named “Ed” to act as a student advisor, with the ability to inform parents about information ranging from children’s test results to their school attendance.
Many schools also continue to grapple with how to best approach the technology inside the classroom.
“There is acceptance by educators, but we’re still seeing a lot of caution,” said Noel Candelaria, the secretary-treasurer of the National Education
Association who is leading the charge around the union’s AI policy. “The challenge is there isn’t a lot of guidance on the district level, so the concern educators have is that it’s being something done to them, instead of with them.”
He added: “There are also major concerns around data confidentiality and where data is being pulled from.”
Candelaria told CNN that educators feel strongly that they want their voice to influence how it can be applied to schools. The NEA is developing a task force with educators across the country to address many of these issues.
Beyond generative AI
Some high schools around the country are trying to teach students how to use other forms of artificial intelligence for a greater good. At one
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prestigious public school in New York City, Stuyvesant High School, students created an app for the blind that uses artificial intelligence and tactile feedback to help people detect threats and navigate obstacles.
Similarly, at STEM School Highlands Ranch in Colorado, a team of students developed an AI-powered wildlife detection system called Project Deer to help cut down on car crashes. Although researchers have tried to combat such accidents before, studies have shown wildlife don’t consistently react to any one stimulus. So the students instead derived an AIbased predictive solution to alert the driver to an imminent threat on the road.
Using four $5 infrared detection sensors placed on vehicles, the students developed a system for AI to scan the surroundings and emit a high-pitched sound when an animal’s body heat is detected, a signal that may help to scare the animal away.
The school, which was the Colorado State Winner in Samsung’s annual Solve for Tomorrow competition, said it is partnering with the University of Colorado in Boulder this summer to help boost its success rate. The Solve for Tomorrow contest featured more than 1,000 schools submitting STEMbased solutions to real-world problems. Samsung told CNN there was a “definite uptick in” submitted AI-powered innovations this year compared to previous years.
Computer science teacher Tylor Chacon told CNN the group’s big vision is to one day have the technology regulated or adopted by the state for greater use.
School administration has told teachers to help create rubrics or lesson plans, Chacon told CNN. “We’ve been encouraged to embrace it and look into ways we can use it to maximize our own job effectiveness and ease the burden on us,” he said.
It’s an increasingly common trend among teachers to use AI tools to create assignments, quizzes, polls, videos and interactives for classroom use. Some are even turning to AI tools and platforms — such as ChatGPT, Writable, Grammarly and EssayGrader — to assist with grading papers or writing feedback, a practice that is also raising ethical considerations.
Saving a language, learning the future
Still, as schools continue to weigh the benefits or disadvantages to teaching and using artificial intelligence, some teachers and administrators feel strongly that it’s the future.
At Princeton High, a group of about 14 students met during school hours for months to build out Che’w’s conversational capabilities, drawn from artificial intelligence neural networks that are trained to recognize patterns, solve problems and understand words, sentences and phrases from spoken and written language.
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