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Практикум по методике составления научных статей на английском языке для аспирантов. Учебно-методическое пособие

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2.Watch the video and answer the following questions.

 

,Q ZKDW PDQQHU VKRXOG \RX ZULWH DQ DEVWUDFW"

 

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,Q ZKDW RUGHU LV LW EHVW WR RUJDQL]H LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ \RXU DEVWUDFW"

 

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:KHUH VKRXOG \RX SXW WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ LQ WKH VHQWHQFH"

 

:KDW ODQJXDJH VKRXOG \RX XVH LQ DQ DEVWUDFW" *LYH H[DPSOHV

 

:KDW ZRUGV DQG SKUDVHV VKRXOG \RX DYRLG LQ WKH DEVWUDFW"

 

 

3.Watch the video again and fill in the missing words and word combinations.

 

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