Очистка эмульсионных сточных вод в машиностроении. Монография
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Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ
Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ |
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɷɤɫɩɥɋɈɀɧɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣɜɨɞɟɫɭɬɤɢ |
ɊɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɐȽɋɗɇ ɧɚɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸɋɈɀ |
Ɋɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɢɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ |
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ȼɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɇ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɬɢɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧ ɧɵɯ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɦɨɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ t Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɢɬɪɢɬ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɲɟɫɬɢɜɚ ɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɦɚ ɜ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɜɡɹɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɉȾɄ ɩɪɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɝ ɥ
ɉɪɟɞɟɥ ɩɨ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɜ ɋɈɀ ɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸ ɳɟɣ ɋɈɀ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɨɞɟ ɩɨ ɋɚɧɉɢɇ ©ɉɢɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ Ƚɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɢɬɶɟ ɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚª
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɫɨɫɬɚ ɜɢɥ ɦɝ ɥ ɗɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɉȾɄ ɩɨ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɝɨɪɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɜɨɞɨɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢ ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɜɟɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɈɀ Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɝ ɥ ɏɨɬɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚ ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɝ ɥ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɯɚ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɈɀ ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ ɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢ ɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɇ t ɋU d ɦɝ ɥ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ d ɦɝ ɥ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ d ɦɝ ɥ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ d ɝ ɥ ɋU ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɦ ɡɚɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ 1 ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚ ɰɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɋɈɀ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚ ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈɀ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟ ɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɷɬɚ ɩɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɋɈɀ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶɫɹ Ɂɧɚɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈɀ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚ ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɟɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɋɈɀ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
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ɝɞɟ Q ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋU ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
Ʉɜɨɞɵ Ʉɫɨɠ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ L ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨ ɞɵ ɢ ɋɈɀ ɦɝ ɥ
ɉLɜ ɉLɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ L ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɭɦ ɦɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɋɈɀ
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɨɜɨ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɨ ɥɨɦ ɗȽɌ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɝ ɥ
ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɦɝ ɥ
ɯɪɨɦɚ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɝ ɥ
ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɦɝ ɥ ɗɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɞɨɥɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ
ɸɬ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɜɟɠɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɨɜɨ ɧɢɬɪɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɫ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɨɥɨɦ ɗȽɌ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ
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ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ± ɦɝ ɥ ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ± ɦɝ ɥ
ɯɪɨɦɚ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɝ ɥ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ± ɦɝ ɥɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɈɀ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ȼ
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɗɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ
ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɋɈɀ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɋɈɀ ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɈɀ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈɀ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɈɀ
ȼɵɜɨɞɵ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɋɈɀ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜ ɛɵ ɥɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɋɈɀ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɨɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɈɀ ɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟ ɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈɀ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɈɀ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɇ t ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ d ɦɝ ɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɢɨɧɨɜ d ɜɡɜɟɲɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ d ɦɝ ɥ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ d ɦɝ ɥ ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɋU
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɦɚɫɥɨɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɲɥɚɦɨɦ
ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ > @ ɧɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦ ɒɥɚɦɨɜɭɸ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɸ ɢɡ ɟɦɤɨ ɫɬɢ ɭɫɪɟɞɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɤɭɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɨ ɪɇ d ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɠɚɬɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɢɦɢɧɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟ ɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɚ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɲɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɭɞɚɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɠɟɥɨɛ ɜ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɦɟɧɶ ɲɟɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɬɚɛɥ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɨɬ ɲɥɚɦɨ ɜɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥ ɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɨɛɟɡɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɬɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ ɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɉɪɨɛɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɥɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɪɢɥɟ ɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨ ɞɧɭ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɢ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ± ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ Ɉɛɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ Ɉ y Ɉɋ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɱɚɫ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨ ɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɦ ɬɚɛɥ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɜ ɲɥɚɦɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɨɬ ɲɥɚɦɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɪɟɯɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɝ ɥ
ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ |
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ |
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ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ |
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Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɚɛɥ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɮɚɡɵ ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɟɟ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɬɨɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ |
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ʋ ɨɩɵɬɚ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɨɛɵ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɩɪɨ |
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ɛɵ |
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ɜɨɞɵ |
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ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ |
ɜɨɞɵ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
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ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ |
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ɞɭɤɬɨɜ |
ɫɤɢɯ |
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ɞɭɤɬɨɜ |
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ɫɤɢɯ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ |
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɋ ɨɋ |
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ʋ ɨɩɵɬɚ |
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ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ |
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ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɮɚɡɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ |
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ɞɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ |
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ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ |
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ɜɨɞɵ |
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ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
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ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ |
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ɜɨɞɵ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
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ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟ |
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ɞɭɤɬɨɜ |
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ɫɤɢɯ |
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ɞɭɤɬɨɜ |
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ɫɤɢɯ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ |
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Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɟɪɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬ ɦ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɨɧɨɜ )H ɢ )H ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɝ ɥ ɜɵɞɟ ɥɟɧɨ ɬ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɦ ɦ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶ ɧɨ ɲɥɚɦɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɲɥɚɦɨɜɨɣ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɢ ɫ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ
ʋ ɨɩɵɬɚ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ |
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ɪɇ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ |
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɜ ɤɨɚ |
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ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɝ ɥ |
ɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ |
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ȼ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚ ɰɢɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɭɫɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɹ ɨɛɟɡ ɜɪɟɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ɉɫɚɞɨɤ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɠɚɬɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ ɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɩɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ)H 2+ ɇ 62 o)H 62 + 2 ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɲɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɢ ɫɜɟɠɢɯ ɩɨɪɰɢɣ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɛɚɤɚ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɥɭɠɚ ɳɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɲɥɚɦɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɫɩɟɧɡɢɣ ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɢɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɚɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɨɧɚ ɠɟɥɟ ɡɚ ɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɝ ɥ ɬɚɛɥ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɪ ɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ )H 62 ɫɨ ɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ
y ɝ ɥ
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ |
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ʋ ɨɩɵɬɚ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɯɥɨɩɶɟɜ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ |
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ɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɟ ɝ ɥ |
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ɜ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɚɯ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɩɨ ɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɹɬɶ ɛɚɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɞɨɡɭ )H 62 ɧɚ ɦ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵɤɝ ɦ u ɦ u u ɦ ɤɝ ɦ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ ³ɠɟɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ´ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɨɡɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɟɡ ɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɟɡɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ |
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Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɜ ɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɳɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ |
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ɜ ɛɚɤɟ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪɟ |
ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ |
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ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ |
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ʋ ɛɚɤɚ |
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
ɜɧɟɞɪɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
ɜɧɟɞɪɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ |
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ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ |
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ |
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ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɨɛɨɣɥɟɪɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɟɡɜɨɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɨ ɨɋ ɬɚɛɥ
ɇɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶ ɫɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɪɟɚɤɬɢ ɜɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɟɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɯ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬɚ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɭɥɶ ɮɚɬɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɨ ɤɝ ɩɨ ɛɟɡɜɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɚ ɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟ ɦɨɣ ɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɝɥɢɧɨɡɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɫɭɥɶɮɚɬ ɠɟɥɟɡɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ
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ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɮɬɟɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ |
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ɩɪɨ |
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ɞɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɛɵ |
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ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ Ɉ y Ɉɋ |
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ɞɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ |
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ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ |
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ɜɨɞɚ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
ɜɨɞɚ |
ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨ |
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
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ɞɭɤɬɵ |
ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ |
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ɞɭɤɬɵ |
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ɩɪɢɦɟɫɢ |
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ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɡɜɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚ ɜɢɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɲɢɩ ɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɨɞɚ Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɤɪɢ ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɭɡɥɵ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɞɝɨ ɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɤ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɭɡ ɥɚɦɢ ɋɯɟɦɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɨɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɟɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡ ɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɮɚɡɚɦ
Ɋɢɫ. 4. Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɩɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ
ɛɚɤ ɪɟɚɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɛɚɤ ɫɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚɭɫɪɟɞɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵɤɚɦɟɪɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɮɬɟɥɨɜɭɲɤɚɲɥɚɦɨɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɚɫɥɨɛɨɣɥɟɪ ɰɢɫɬɟɪɧɚɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɡɟɪɧɢɫɬɵɣ ɧɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶ ɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɦɚɫɥɨɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ ɤɚɚɝɭɥɹɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɭ ɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɲɥɢɮɨɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɥɚɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɧɨɝɨ ɫɵɪɶɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ