Организация перевозок и управление на водном транспорте вводный курс английского языка. Практикум

•to enter the port — входить в порт;

•to call at the port — заходить в порт;

•to leave for — уезжать куда-либо;

•to moor — швартоваться;

•to be at berth — находиться у причала;

•to be on demurrage — быть на простое.

2. Work at the text and be ready to discuss the details in English.

Commercial work in shipping business

Commercial activities in shipping business are represented by agents (brokers). Broker is a go-between. He can represent either the Owner or the Charterer.

The broker's main task is to bring the two parties together in order to conclude a fixture. He must know types and characteristics of cargoes, types of ships, their construction and machinery. The Shipbroker must also know the main Shipowners and charterers, situation at the shipping market, in the trading and shipping companies.

The Owner’s Broker / Agent finds employment, i.e.1 cargoes for his Principal's ships. He tries to get the highest possible freight rate, the quickest loading and discharging, and terms favouring the Shipowner in the Charter Party.

The Charterer’s Broker (or chartering agent) helps the Company find a ship suitable to carry this particular type of cargo. Then the broker’s task is to get the cheapest freight rate and terms favouring the Charterer.

An insurance broker is an agent employed to arrange a contract of insurance between the underwriter and the owner. In this case broker has the right of insuring the vessel.

A person employed by a shipper to arrange for transportation of his cargo is known as a forwarding agent. The forwarding agent is sometimes called a 'Shipping Agent'. He is usually authorized to find the required shipping space, to negotiate contracts of carriage with ship operators, to arrange delivery of cargo to the ship and to present the Bills of Lading. Many Forwarding Agents now undertake additional duties such as packing, warehousing, lighterage and arranging insurance.

Most Shipowners and operators appoint the agents in the various ports of the world visited by their ships to represent them and to assist the Master. As well as clearing the ship through customs, agents arrange pilots, tugs and berthing, order bunker, settle accounts, arrange travel facilities for crew joining or leaving the ship and medical care, etc.

1 That is — то есть (а именно).

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3. Improve your knowledge by doing these exercises:

1) Say that you are going...

•заключить фрахтовую сделку;

•обсудить стоимость перевозки груза;

•представить своего брокера;

•найти судно для перевозки груза;

•договориться об оплате;

•назначить агента;

•нанять брокера;

•организовать перевозку;

•перевезти определенный вид груза;

•застраховать судно.

2) Ask if...

•знает ли судовладелец надежного брокера;

•в рабочем ли состоянии погрузо-разгрузочные устройства;

•чистые ли трюмы;

•знает ли ваш агент английский язык;

•готово ли судно к погрузке.

3) Say that at this moment:

•вы разговариваете с капитаном;

•судно швартуется;

•вы готовите судно к выгрузке;

•капитан подает нотис о готовности;

•вытекает опасный груз;

4) Ask a question:

•Кого представляет судовой брокер?

•Каковы инструкции по погрузке?

•За что отвечает судовладелец?

•Какие погрузочно-разгрузочные устройства есть на борту вашего судна?

•В каком состоянии находятся трюмы?

5) Complete the sentences:

•The Shipbroker represents…;

•The Shipbroker’s main task is…;

•He tries to…;

•He helps the Company…;

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•An insurance broker is an agent employed to…;

•The forwarding agent is sometimes called…;

•Most shipowners and operators appoint…

6) Disagree to the statements. Begin with “I'm afraid, you are wrong”, “I don't think so”, “You are mistaken”.

•Our agent knows two languages. (one language).

•He is discussing the date of loading. (freight rate).

•My Principal is going to represent a newcomer. (our manager).

•Your winch is out of commission. (operational).

4. Express the same in English:

1)Кто ваш начальник? (Кто возглавляет вашу компанию?)

2)Вы знаете надежного брокера?

3)Что вы можете сказать о Грузоотправителе?

4)Вы представляете судовладельца?

5)Кто будет представлять фрахтователя?

6)Вы фрахтовый агент?

7)Какие торговые компании вы знаете?

8)Какую судоходную компанию вы представляете?

9)Чью сторону вы представляете?

10)Что вы можете сказать о качестве груза?

11)Исправны ли грузовые устройства?

12)Трюмы готовы к погрузке?

13)Куда следует судно?

14)Это опасный груз?

15)Какова дата погрузки?

16)Какова норма выгрузки?

5. Complete the dialogues using vocabulary of this unit. Model:

1)Hello! I’m a shipowner requiring employment for my vessel.

2)Hello! Describe your vessel, please.

3)This is a general cargo ship of about 20, 000 dwt. My idea of freight rate is 2.10 pounds.

4)Ok. Let’s discuss all details in my office. I think, we will accept your offer.

5)Ok. Thanks.

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6. Testing grammar! Express future in English:

1)Мы выходим в море через 2 часа. a) We will get out into the sea in 2 hours.

b) We are getting out into the sea in 2 hours. c) We get out into the sea in 2 hours.

2)Наше судно покинет Одессу через 3 месяца. a) Our vessel will leave Odessa in 3 months.

b) Our vessel is leaving Odessa in 3 months.

c) Our vessel will be leaving Odessa in 3 months.

3)Таможенник не собирается проверять содержимое (content) контей-

неров.

a) The Customs Officer won’t check content of containers.

b) The Customs Officer doesn’t want to check content of containers. c) The Customs Officer isn’t going to check content of containers.

4)Кто будет вести переговоры, если агент опоздает?

a)Who will carry on negotiations if the Agent will be late?

b)Who will carry on negotiations if the Agent is late?

c)Who will be carrying on negotiations if the Agent is late?

5)Трюмы будут готовы через 20 минут. a) Holds are ready in 20 minutes.

b) Holds will ready in 20 minutes.

c) Holds will be ready in 20 minutes.

6)Что вы делаете сегодня вечером?

a)What are you doing tonight?

b)What will you do tonight?

c)What do you do tonight?

7) Я думаю, завтра будет дождь.

a)I think it will rain tomorrow.

b)I think it will be rain tomorrow.

c)I think it rains tomorrow.

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UNIT 5. WHY DO WE STUDY ENGLISH?

1. Before reading the text answer these questions:

1)How long have you been learning English?

2)Did you learn English only at school?

3)Where else is it possible to learn a foreign language?

4)Have you ever tried to learn English on your own (reading books, watching educational programmes on TV, videos and films in English, listening to radio pragrammes, taking an English course outside school, etc.)?

5)Which of these ways of learning a language do you find most effective? Why?

6)How much time do you think a person should learn a foreign language to be able to say: a) “I can speak English”, b) “My English is fluent”?

7)Do you think it is possible to know a second language as well as native speakers do?

8)Why are you learning English? Do you find it interesting? Hard? Useful? How can it be useful?

2. Read the text and speak about English as an international commercial language:

•to study English — учить английский язык в университете, институте (как предмет, теорию);

•to learn English — изучать английский язык (в его практическом применении);

•to travel abroad — путешествовать;

•to speak to (with) — говорить с…;

•to master English — овладеть английским языком;

•to brush English up — освежить английский в памяти;

•to have a lot of drills — практиковаться, выполнять тренировочные упражнения;

•to make up dialogues — составлять диалоги.

Foreign languages

Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is long and slow process that takes a lot of time and efforts. Nowadays it is especially important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for some people studying languages is just a hobby.

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Everyone who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read foreign authors in original. It’s fun. It is not surprising that many intellectuals and well educated people are polyglots. The great German poet Goethe once said:

“He, who knows no foreign language, does not know his own one.” That’s absolutely right. If we want to understand ourselves and environment we should study foreign languages.

As for me, I study English. English is an international language, it is the main language of business, science, politics and cultural relations. Nowadays 750 million people all over the world use it. Over 300 million people speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. Besides, English is one of the official languages of the Irish Republic, Canada, the South Africa, India and many other countries of the world.

English is the main language of computers and technology. Three quarters of the world’s mail are in English. It is the language of sports. I should say that English is a wonderful language, it is the language of great literature, the language of William Shakespeare, Jonathan Swift, Walter Scott, Charles Dickens.

There are many ways of learning a language. In order to master English, to brush it up and to keep it up we practise grammar together with vocabulary, we have a lot of drills at our English lessons. Practice helps us to memorise words, up-to-date idioms and phrasal verbs. We also read texts, translate them, write tests and dictations, make up and act out dialogues, speak about different things and we learn social English to know what sort of English to use in different situations. At our English lessons we pay much attention to English intonation and pronunciation because if you get it wrong, people think you are rude. It is important to learn how to ask for information, how to be polite.

I guess it is helpful to read English books, to watch English films, to have private lessons, to use educational computer programmes and it seems to me that the most effective way is going to English speaking country. I want to know English because I like speaking English.

I want to use English in my future job. I want to use computer programmes in English, besides I want to travel to Britain or to the USA and meet a lot of people and to talk to them in English.

Do you have any problems while learning English? (Answer a question using these sentences)

I find grammar (learning words) far more difficult (hard).

I have no problems while (learning, reading, memorizing words, idioms, phrasal verbs).

I have most problems with vocabulary (grammar, speaking…).

I feel confident about pronunciation (listening, reading…)

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3. Answer the questions:

1)Is English more difficult to learn than any other languages?

2)To be good at English, do you have to sound like an English person?

3)Are some people better than others at learning languages?

4)Does that mean that confident people are more successful at learning languages than shy people?

5)What is your main reason for learning English?

6)What opportunities do you have to practise English in your spare time?

7)How do you personally prefer to study English?

8)What is the secret of language learning?

9)Why is good pronunciation desirable for English speaker?

4. Agree or disagree:

1)Everyone should be able to speak at least two languages.

2)There is no one way to learn a language.

3)Experience is better than training.

4)Grammar is an easy thing.

5)To be good at English, you must work hard every day.

6)Sounding like an English person does not mean you are good at English.

7)Some English sounds may create difficulties for the students.

8)You can learn English only if you live in an English-speaking country.

9)English is the most popular foreign language in Russia.

10)There are thirty-two letters in the English alphabet.

5.Speak about the importance of the English language for you.

6.Complete the tag-questions and let your groupmates answer them.

1.You know everything about English grammar, …?

2.You can tell an American from2 an Englishman when you talk to them …?

3.English is taught in all institutes in Russia, …?

4.You will start learning Chinese this year, …?

5.Students don’t like to write tests in English or other foreign Languages ...?

6.Your parents have never learnt English or other foreign languages, …?

7.Nowadays all educated people should know English, …?

8. Students at your institute speak English during the intervals as well as at the English lessons, …?

2 To tell smb from smb else — отличить кого-то.

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7. Discussing the topic

One of the reason why a lot of people all over the world learn English is that English has taken the position of the world language. It means that:

•750 million people all over the world use it;

•it has become the language of the planet;

•it’s the first truly global language;

•it’s the main language of business, sports, science

•it’s one of the richest language;

•three quarters of the world’s mail are in English;

•English is the world’s computer language.

Everyone can easily think of more reasons to give if asked why he or she wants to know English. Some of such reasons are below:

•It’s fun.

•My parents want me to do it.

•I like reading English.

•I like speaking English.

•I want to use English in my future job.

•I want to use computer programmes in English.

•I like English songs.

•My friends are learning English.

•I want to go to Britain or the USA or Australia some day.

•I want to travel and meet a lot of people, then I’ll talk to them in English.

•I would like to read English and American books in the original.

•I don’t know.

•I want to be successful in my career

There are many ways of learning a foreignn language. But most people begin learning it at school. This is what they do to master the language and keep it up and brush it up:

•have grammar and vocabulary drills;

•read texts, write dictations etc.;

•sing songs in English;

•speak about different things;

•make up and act out dialogues;

•watch videos and educational programmes;

•translate texts and poems into Russian;

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•learn things by heart;

•learn words in isolation / in context;

•learn … words at a time.

Many people learn foreign languages outside school or after classes. These are the things that they usually do:

•borrow English books from the library and read them;

•watch English films, educational programmes at home;

•have a pen friend (pen pal) and write letters to him / her;

•take an English course outside institutes;

•have private lessons at home;

•go to the international summer camp;

•use educational computer programmes;

•go to the English-speaking country.

8.Imagine that your friend doesn’t want to learn English. What will you tell him or her to encourage their learning English?

9.Discuss what you would like to do at your English lessons. Discuss this in group.

10.In order to study effectively, it is useful to make a plan for yourself. Look at these two examples.

1) Paulo is a seafarer from Italy who is going to be at sea for the next four months on a heavy lift vessel.

•Areas to improve — reading;

•Aim — to practise reading quickly;

•Things to do — don’t stop reading to check every new word in the dictionary: try to keep reading;

•Time — try to read for at least 30 minutes a day;

•Ways of assessing my improvement — 1) time how long it takes me to read the first three pages of each short story; 2) write down the times in my note book.

2) Dimitri is from Greece and works on ro-ro vessels.

To learn more vocabulary I need to:

•read articles from magazines;

•write down new words from these articles;

•try to use the words every day.

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11. Now make your own plan for learning English.

Did you know that…

…the shortest sentence in English containing all the 26 letters of the alphabet is “Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs”?

…there is no word in the English language rhyming with “orange”?

…a polyglot is a person speaking or using many languages? One of the famous polyglots was Cardinal Giuseppe Mezzofanti (XVIII – IX), who used 58 languages, and was familiar with a total of 114 languages and dialects.

…we do not usually know when a new word comes into a language? But we can say that about the word “sputnik”. On the third of October 1957 the word was unknown. By the evening of the 4th of October, it had entered hundreds of languages.

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