Английский язык. Ч.1. Учебное пособие по грамматике, чтению и переводу

Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet.

A server is a computer that serves up information to other computers on a network. For example, when we use the Internet, we're looking at something that's stored on a server. Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally.

A mainframe is the most powerful type of computer. It can process and store large amount of data. It supports multiple users at the same time. A mainframe can support more simultaneous processes than a PC. The central system is a large server connected to hundreds of terminals over a network. People use mainframes for largescale computing purposes in banks, big companies and universities.

Many of today's electronics are basically specialized computers, though we don't always think of them that way. Here are a few common examples.

Many cell phones can do a lot of things that computers can do, including browsing the Internet and playing games via various applications. They are often called smartphones.

Wearable technology is a general term for a group of devices that we wear throughout the day. They include fitness trackers and smart watches. These devices are often called wearables for short.

A game console is a specialized type of computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.

And what about the devices of the future? Today's computers operate using semiconductors, metals and electricity. Future computers will use atoms, DNA or light. Nano sized bio-computers that target specific areas inside our bodies, giant networks of computers, in our clothing, our houses, our cars... What will computers look like in 30 years? Probably people won't see them at all.

Exercise 17 Find the following words and expressions in the text. Create sentences using them.

1. повседневная жизнь; 2. проще в использовании; 3. быть знакомым с; 4. делиться файлами; 5. поддерживать одновременные процессы; 6. думать о них таким образом; 7. работать с использованием электричества; 8. нацеливаться на определенные области; 9. быть похожим на что-либо (внешне); 10. вероятно.

Exercise 18 Choose 5 verbs from the text. Fill the table with their Present, Past and Future Simple forms.

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Exercise 19 Match a word from column A with its description from column B to make pairs. Translate the expressions.

3.4 Word formation

Exercise 20 Look at the words in bold in the text. What do they have in common?

We use suffixes –(a)tion, -sion, -ion to form abstract nouns from verbs.

VERB + TION/SION

to describe – description, to transmit – transmission, to collect – collection, to transport – transportation

Exercise 21 Form new words from the words in capitals and fill the gaps in the text.

3.5 Speaking

Exercise 22 Discuss the questions with a partner.

1.What do you prefer to use – desktop or laptop computer? Why?

2.Imagine that you can use only one type of a computer. What will you choose? Explain your choice.

3.Can you imagine the computer of the future? What will it look like?

Unit 4 Trends in computing

4.1Vocabulary: “up” verbs in computing

4.2Grammar: Времена группы Progressive (Continuous) Active. Многозначность слов “one” и “that”

4.3Reading: “Trends in computing”

4.4Word formation: suffix -ing

4.5 Speaking

4.1 Vocabulary

Exercise 1 Match the following words with their Russian equivalents

Exercise 2 Fill in the gaps with the words from exercise 1.

1.You can ______ your computer in normal mode for everyday use and in safe mode for diagnosis purposes.

2.If you don’t want to lose your data, ____________ your files regularly.

3.You can ___________ your PC by adding a new motherboard.

4.Delete some files to ___________ some space on the hard drive.

5.He __________ a website to advertise his company.

6.She’s taking a course because she wants to ___________ her knowledge in computing.

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7.You can __________ with new developments by reading PC magazines.

8.If you miss a class, you can study the hand-outs to __________ with your group mates.

9.He ________ his wireless router so he can connect to the Internet from

anywhere in the house.

10.I want to see your photos from Spain. Can you ________them to the cloud?

Exercise 3 Match the words from columns A and B. Translate the expressions.

4.2 Grammar

Времена группы Progressive (Continuous)

Аспект Progressive (Continuous) английского глагола указывает на действие, которое находится (находилось/будет находиться) в процессе в момент речи либо в определённый момент времени. Более подробная информация представлена в таблице 4.1.

Exercise 4 Put the verbs into the correct Progressive form.

1.Nowadays more and more people (to listen) to radio over the internet.

2.We (to try) to find the software for our PC when you called.

3.Nokia and Acer (to compete) in the field of producing laptops.

4.The managers of the company (to negotiate) with the suppliers this time tomorrow.

5.These days our department (to implement) new methods of increasing capacity of the system.

6.We (to discuss) the issue of buying software licenses while our IT specialist (to set up) the operating system.

7.My colleague and I (to start) the experiments with walking robots next Tuesday.

8.She (to type) the document when the lights went off.

9.On Saturday I (to set up) the router, so don’t disturb me.

10.This device (to get) very expensive these days.

11.I (to write) course papers and (to read) books while she (to upload) stupid videos on YouTube, so I won’t help her pass the exam.

12.Tomorrow they (to do) the research from morning till night.

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Таблица 4.1 – Времена английского глагола. Progressive (Continuous) tense – продолженное время

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Exercise 5 Explain the use of Progressive forms.

1. The demand for Internet access and for other services via the "mobile" is stimulating a wide range of facilities for this modern personal communication device.2. Science is becoming a leading factor in the progress of mankind. 3. I was working at the important project when the telephone rang. 4 The Internet is changing the way we access, buy and use applications. 5. Locating you when you are not at work or at school is becoming easier. 6. She was updating this software while she was drinking coffee. 7. The scientists were working for the whole Sunday - they are trying to raise funds for further research. 8. Successful candidates will be working closely with a number of the world's leadingscientists.9. He was waiting for the bus when the accident happened. 10. Tonight he is presenting the results of his research at the conference.

Exercise 6 Translate the sentences into

a) Russian:

1.Because of a huge decrease in the size and power consumption of hardware the manufacturing costs are falling significantly.

2.Google is rapidly becoming the most widely used search engine.

3.Tomorrow Professor Edwards is demonstrating that alternatives to flash memory perform well even when they are 10 nanometers in size.

4.They were struggling to understand the article when you started to sing in the shower.

5.Our developers are trying to find out what telecoms infrastructure is available in that country.

b) English:

1.Современные устройства становятся все более сложными (sophisticated).

2.Завтра наш программист идет в компьютерный магазин (computer store), чтобы купить новое программное обеспечение.

3.Завтра мы весь вечер будем делать резервное копирование файлов.

4.Чем ты сейчас занимаешься? – В данный момент я запускаю компьютер в безопасном режиме.

5.Когда мы вошли в комнату, она читала статью про искусственный интеллект.

Exercise 7 Put the words in brackets into appropriate tense form (Present Simple or Present Progressive). Comment on your choice.

1.We (to translate) the article about neural networks research now.

2.We usually (not to translate) stories or science fiction during our English lessons.

3.He always (to promise) to mend the computer but he never (to do) it.

4.Steve (to look) for a new smartphone because he lost his previous one a week ago.

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5.Our office (to sell) power equipment, mining equipment, and other goods.

6.The vast majority of children now regularly (to play) computer games instead of doing sports.

7.Web giant Google (to plan) a massive online storage facility to encompass all users' files.

8.Some scientists and engineers (to work) at improving traditional production processes, others (to develop) new technologies.

9.The workshop on nanotechnology (to start) in two weeks.

10.We (to discuss) a very important question at the next workshop.

Exercise 8 Put the words in brackets into appropriate tense form (Present/ Past/ Future Simple or Present/ Past/ Future Progressive). Translate the sentences.

1.Scientists at our university (to work) on a machine which (to recognize) objects with cameras and (to retrieve) them with an arm that (to be) its end effector.

2.Androids (to look) and (to behave) like a human being. Some androids (to react) to gestures and voice inflection.

3.In June 2013 British researches (to interview) some Londoners and (to find) that about 56 percent of U.S. adults (to own) smartphones (91 percent of U.S. adults (to own) some kind of phone).

4.During our yesterday classes we (to calculate) the efficiency of using wave and tidal power installations and (to analyze) the advantages of drawing energy from the oceans. Next time our professor (to tell) us about some interesting ideas which (to be) on display this week at the Innovation Summit.

5.At the moment our company (to develop) predictive technology for cars. We (to expect) that this technology (to suggest) a route based on your previous driving history, (to find) an alternative route if you are stuck in a traffic jam, and (to make) your life simple.

6.During the next several months the researchers from North Carolina State University (to develop) a computer model which (to improve) the light absorbing efficiency of semiconductors.

7.Now researchers at the University of Cincinnati (to experiment) with adding a small amount of graphene to solar cells and (to find) that it (to improve) the efficiency of the cells significantly.

8.Space depots (to change) future lunar exploration in many ways. But the idea of space depots still (to face) challenges in maintenance and keeping the fuel cool enough to prevent it from boiling away.

Exercise 9 Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Translate the sentences.

1. Two years ago the government (was announcing/announced) the integration of robotic aircraft into national airspace. 2. In several years customers (will want/will be wanting) more data at faster speeds for their sophisticated applications. 3. Usually our department (worked/works) at maintaining the network, but these days we (will

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try/are trying) to increase the network capacity and make data cheaper. 4. The students (designed/were designing) an application-provisioning system while the professor (checked/was checking) their course papers. 5. A 3-D revolution (will be slowly making/is slowly making) its way across the chip industry. 6. Last April the astronauts (were getting/got) into lunar orbit and then (were investigating/investigated) a small space rock. 7. Just imagine, tomorrow at 5 p.m. this rocket (will loop/ will be looping) around the Earth. 8. Nowadays broadband Internet access providers (are having/have) a lot of power, and in most cases customers (aren’t having/don’t have) the option of switching to a competitive provider. 9. Steven Davis, a professor of Internet law, (will represent/is representing) his report on net neutrality at the conference in May. 10. These few days our Internet providers (block/are blocking) the services because of some problems with cable.

Таблица 4.2 – Многозначность слова «one»

Значения слова ONE:

1.Числительное one – “один”

There exists only one way to prove your theory.

2.Безличное местоимение one – не требует перевода

One should remember that to achieve any results people must work hard.

3.Местоимение one – используется вместо существительного во избежание повтора

This version of the application is better than the previous one.

Таблица 4.3 – Многозначность слова «that»

Значения слова THAT:

1.Указательное местоимение that (those) – “тот” (“те”)

Today you must tune that oscillator.

2.Союз that – “что”

They believe that alternative sources of energy are inefficient.

3.Относительное местоимение that – “который”

The experiment that you’ve mentioned isn’t a breakthrough.

4.Союз that – “то, что”

That we met yesterday is quite surprising.

5.Наречие that – “так”

Three years? She can’t wait that long.

6.Местоимение that (of) – используется вместо существительного во избежание повтора

The professor compared your paper with that written by your brother.

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Exercise 10 Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word one.

1. One should always take safety precautions. 2. Our car is always breaking down, but we are getting a new one soon. 3. The new engineer is much more competent than the one we had last year. 4. The development of technologies is one of the tools for social changes. 5. Our researchers performed the task faster than the European ones. 6. One of the devices is far more sophisticated than anything we see on the market today. 7. This would not only reduce the costs of power generation; it would also reduce the one of power distribution. 8.One thing that is clear is that phones will pack a lot more computing power in future, and will be able to do more and more things that they are used for today. 9. One can easily build up a site using this guide. 10. They carried out the experiment a couple of times with almost two-to-one difference between the rates of power.

Exercise 11 Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the word that.

1. Linked In is a highly successful online networking tool that allows users to build their own network of close friends, former colleagues and former classmates. 2. The result of my small experiment was that no one else had any curiosity about the subject. 3. The ratio of the amplitude of the output signal to that of the input signal is called the gain.4. I can’t the application that you updated yesterday. 5. That these two articles were written by different people is obvious. 6. Recently I read something that mentioned the Monty Hall paradox. 7. The theory that is the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan Turing in 1935. 8. One of the ways to get higher speed was to use the fact that current could flow round the circuit. 9. We won’t be able to finish this project in time if you work that slowly. 10. The obvious advantage of laptops is that they are more portable than desktop computers.

4.3 Reading

Exercise 12 Answer the questions.

1.How do you use information technology for studying?

2.What is new in the world of IT and computing? In your opinion, what trends in IT are the most prospective?

Exercise 13 Translate the following expressions into Russian.

Exercise 14 Read the text quickly. Match the names of trends to the abstracts 1-5.

A.Computer-assisted education

B.Cyber security

C.Big data analytics

D.Artificial intelligence and robotics

E.Bioinformatics

Exercise 15 Answer the following questions.

1.What trends in computing are mentioned in the text?

2.How can we use the ‘computers on the chip’?

3.What is AI?

4.What are the advantages of computer-assisted education?

5.Is the demand for cyber-security jobs high or low? Why?

Exercise 16 Read the text carefully, translate it into Russian.

Trends in computing

The ability of tiny computing devices to control complex operations changed the way we perform many tasks, from scientific research to producing consumer products. We use tiny ‘computers on a chip’ in medical equipment, home appliances, cars and toys. Computing equipment is getting more sophisticated, technology is growing exponentially. Therefore, it’s important to keep up with the latest trends in computer science research. Here are some trends that are storming the tech industry!

1. __________

According to the latest forecasts the global robotics industry will be worth $38 billion by 2018, and a large portion of its growth is in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) – one of the most controversial and intriguing areas of computer science. The tech giants like Facebook, Google and IBM are investing huge amounts of money and resources into AI research. There are lots of opportunities to use such technology in the real world so we are waiting for the break-through in this field.

2. ___________

In 2012 there was a surge in demand for experts in the field of data science. And nowadays the demand remains high. From banking to healthcare, big data analytics is everywhere, so companies are attempting to make better use of the enormous datasets they have, in order to personalize and improve their services.

3. ___________

The use of computers and software for educational purposes brings many benefits and has many uses. For students with learning disabilities, for instance, it can provide personalized instruction and enable students to learn in their own pace, so the teacher can devote more time to each individual. The field is promising and it is still growing - many educators praise its ability to engage students in active and independent learning.

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