Английский язык «Bridge to Confidence». Учебное пособие для студентов всех специальностей
.pdfExercise 3.2. Combine the two sentences into one using the Past Perfect and linking words.
1.I finished my work. Then I went home. (as soon as)
2.She tried to find a solution for hours. Finally she found it. (eventually)
3.He was walking in the park. Then he saw an old friend. (suddenly)
4.We discussed the problem for a long time. Finally we reached an agreement. (in the end)
5.He sent the email. Immediately he realized his mistake. (as soon as)
6.They searched for the documents everywhere. Finally they found them in the drawer. (eventually)
7.I was about to leave. Then I remembered my promise. (suddenly)
8.She thought about it carefully. Then she made her decision. (in the end)
9.He read the message. Then he immediately called back. (as soon as)
10.They argued for hours. Finally they came to a compromise. (eventually)
Exercise 3.3. Fill in the blanks with linking words: suddenly, eventually, in the end, as soon as.
1.______ he opened the door, he saw that someone had been in the room.
2.We had looked for the cat for hours when ______ we found it in the garage.
3.______ they realized that they had been wrong about him.
4.______ I had finished reading the book, I lent it to my friend.
5.She had tried many different methods and ______ found one that worked.
6.______ he remembered that he had left the oven on.
7.They had discussed all the options and ______ chose the simplest solution.
8.______ the concert had ended, everyone went home.
9.I had been waiting for 30 minutes when ______ the bus arrived.
10.______ we understood what had really happened.
Exercise 3.4. Find and correct the mistakes.
1.When I had gotten home, my family already ate dinner.
2.Suddenly she remembered that she didn't lock the door.
3.As soon as they had arrived, the show began.
4.Eventually they found the money what they had lose.
5.In the end he admitted that he broke the window.
6.When I called him, he already had left work.
7.Suddenly I realized that I saw this film before.
8.As soon as she had graduated, she got married.
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9.Eventually we understood what had happened.
10.In the end they chose the option that they discussed earlier.
Exercise 3.5. Translate the following sentences into English
1.Как только он ушёл, пошёл дождь.
2.В конце концов, они нашли дорогу, которую искали.
3.Внезапно она поняла, что оставила документы дома.
4.Когда мы пришли в кино, фильм уже начался.
5.В конце концов, он признался, что солгал нам.
6.Как только я закончил писать письмо, почтальон пришёл.
7.Внезапно он вспомнил, что обещал помочь ей.
8.В конце концов, они купили дом, который видели в прошлом месяце.
9.Как только она услышала новость, она позвонила родителям.
10.Внезапно я понял, что встречал этого человека раньше.
4.Speaking.
4.1.With a partner, ask and answer the questions
1.Do you prefer shopping in physical stores or online? Why?
2.What are the main advantages of online shopping?
3.What do you dislike about shopping in crowded malls?
4.Have you ever had a bad experience with online shopping? What happened?
5.How do you usually pay for online purchases?
6.What was the last thing you bought online?
7.What products do you prefer to buy in physical stores rather than online? Why?
8.How important are customer reviews when you shop online?
9.Do you think online shopping will completely replace physical stores in the future?
10.What's your best shopping tip for someone who shops online?
5.Writing.
5.1.Write an essay on the topic «Going Shopping and Shopping Online»
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UNIT X Modern Technologies
1.Reading
1.1.Read the following text and translate it into Russian
Modern Technologies: Our Helpful and Sometimes Difficult Friends
Modern technology is a huge part of our lives today. We use it for work, study, entertainment, and communication. It is difficult to imagine a day without a mobile phone or the internet. But is this good or bad? Let's talk about the benefits and drawbacks of modern technology.
Part 1: The Internet – A World of Information
The internet is like a giant library, a shopping mall, and a communication center all in one. It has revolutionized how we live.
Benefits of the Internet:
Access to Information: You can find information about anything in seconds. If you want to learn how to cook a new dish, fix something, or understand a difficult topic for your studies, you can just search for it online. Websites like Wikipedia and YouTube are full of useful knowledge.
Communication: The internet helps us stay in touch with people all over the world. We can use email, messaging apps like WhatsApp and Telegram, and video calls like Zoom or Skype to talk to friends and family for free, even if they are in another country.
Online Services: We can do so many things online now. We can shop online, book tickets for trains and planes, order food, and even see a doctor through telemedicine. It is very convenient and saves a lot of time.
Drawbacks of the Internet:
Too Much Information: Sometimes, there is too much information, and it is difficult to know what is true and what is fake news. Not everything you read on the internet is accurate.
Cybersecurity Risks: There are people who try to steal your personal information and money online. This is called cybercrime. You must be careful with your passwords and bank details.
Addiction: Some people spend too much time online. They browse websites and watch videos for hours. This can be a form of addiction and is not good for your health or productivity.
Part 2: Mobile Phones – A Computer in Your Pocket
A smartphone is a powerful mobile phone that can do almost everything a computer can do.
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Benefits of Mobile Phones:
Staying Connected: We are always connected. We can make calls, send text messages, and use the internet anywhere, anytime.
Useful Apps: There are applications (apps) for everything. There are maps and navigation apps to help you find the way, language learning apps like Duolingo, fitness tracker apps, and calendars to organize your life.
Safety: A mobile phone is important for safety. You can call for help in an emergency.
Drawbacks of Mobile Phones:
Distraction: Phones can be very distracting. Many people check their phones all the time, even when they are talking to someone or working. This is rude and can be dangerous, for example, if you use your phone while driving.
Social Isolation: Sometimes, people are so busy with their phones that they don't talk to the people in real life around them. They can feel lonely even when they are with other people.
Health Problems: Looking at a small screen for many hours can cause eye strain and headaches. Also, using your phone before bed can make it difficult to sleep well.
Part 3: Social Media – Sharing Your Life
Social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and X (Twitter) are very popular, especially among young people.
Benefits of Social Media:
Connecting with Friends: You can share photos, videos, and news with your friends. You can see what they are doing and comment on their posts.
Finding Communities: You can find groups of people with the same hobbies and interests. For example, if you love photography, you can find a group for photographers.
News and Trends: You can learn about current events and trends very quickly.
Drawbacks of Social Media:
Cyberbullying: Some people use social media to be mean to others. This is called cyberbullying. It can cause serious mental health problems like anxiety and depression.
Unrealistic Expectations: People usually only post the best moments of their lives. This can make others feel that their own life is boring or not good enough. It can damage your self-esteem.
Wasting Time: It is very easy to scroll through your feed for hours without realizing it. This is a big waste of time.
Part 4: Artificial Intelligence – The Future is Here
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a very advanced technology. It is when machines and computers can learn and make decisions like humans.
Benefits of AI:
Helpful Assistants: AI powers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. They can answer questions, play music, and control smart devices in your home.
Medicine and Science: AI helps doctors analyze medical data to diagnose diseases faster and more accurately. It also helps scientists with research.
Everyday Use: Recommendation algorithms on Netflix and YouTube use AI to suggest movies and videos you might like. Navigation apps use AI to find the best route for you.
Drawbacks of AI:
Job Loss: Many people worry that AI and robots will replace humans in many jobs, for example, in factories or in customer service.
Lack of Human Touch: AI can be impersonal. Talking to a chatbot is not the same as talking to a real person.
Mistakes and Bias: AI systems can make mistakes. They can also be biased if they learn from biased data.
Conclusion: Finding a Balance
Modern technology is a tool. It is not inherently good or bad. It all depends on how we use it.
We should use technology to make our lives better, easier, and more connected. But we must also be careful. We need to control our use of technology and not let it control us.
It is important to take breaks, spend time offline, and enjoy face-to-face conversations with people. We must use technology wisely and responsibly.
Active Vocabulary List accurate - точный addiction - зависимость advanced - продвинутый analyze - анализировать
anxiety / Depression - тревога / депрессия application (App) - приложение
artificial Intelligence (AI) - искусственный интеллект (ИИ) balance - баланс
benefit / Advantage - польза / преимущество book tickets - бронировать билеты
browse - просматривать
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check – проверять communication - общение
connected - подключенный, на связи control - контролировать convenience - удобство cyberbullying - кибербуллинг cybercrime - киберпреступность dangerous - опасный
data - данные
diagnose - диагностировать distracting - отвлекающий distraction - отвлечение
drawback / Disadvantage - недостаток eye strain - напряжение глаз
fake news - фейковые новости headache - головная боль impersonal - безличный information - информация internet - интернет
knowledge - знания learn - учиться
make a decision - принимать решение map / navigation - карта / навигация mental health - психическое здоровье
messaging app - приложение для обмена сообщениями mistake / bias - ошибка / предвзятость
mobile phone / Smartphone - мобильный телефон / смартфон modern - современный
offline - в оффлайне password - пароль
personal information - личная информация platform - платформа
popular - популярный post - публиковать
productivity - продуктивность replace - заменять
research - исследование robot - робот
rude - грубый
safety / emergency - безопасность / чрезвычайная ситуация
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scroll - листать ленту
search online - искать в интернете self-esteem - самооценка
share - делиться
shop online - покупать онлайн social media - социальные сети stay in touch - поддерживать связь steal - красть
take a break - делать перерыв technology - технологии
Tool - инструмент unrealistic - нереалистичный use - использовать
useful - полезный
video call - видеозвонок
virtual assistant - виртуальный помощник watch videos - смотреть видео
wise – мудрый
1.2. Read the text again and say which facts in the sentences (1-10) are true, false or not stated
1.The internet is described as being like a library, a mall, and a communication center.
2.The text says that everything you read on the internet is true.
3.Mobile phones have no benefits for safety.
4.Using your phone while driving is considered safe and convenient.
5.Social media can sometimes lead to feelings of anxiety and depression.
6.Artificial Intelligence (AI) can learn and make decisions like humans.
7.The text states that AI will definitely take all jobs from humans.
8.The author believes that technology is always bad for people.
9.It is important to take breaks from technology and spend time offline.
10.Modern technology should control our lives completely.
2. Dialogues
Smartphone Addiction
Sarah: Tom, you're always on your phone! Even during lunch. Tom: I know... I'm checking social media. It's a bad habit.
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Sarah: Why don't you try to use it less? It's not good for your eyes. Tom: You're right. But it's difficult. I get notifications all the time.
Sarah: You can turn off notifications. I only check my phone three times a day.
Tom: Really? That's impressive. Maybe I should try that. Sarah: Yes! Let's have phone-free lunches from now on.
Exercise 2.1. Answer the questions
1.What is Tom's bad habit?
2.Why is looking at phones too much bad for you?
3.How often does Sarah check her phone?
4.What do they decide to do during lunches?
Exercise 2.2. True or false?
1.Tom never uses his phone.
2.Sarah thinks phones are good for eyes.
3.Tom gets many notifications.
4.They will continue using phones during lunch.
Online Security
Lisa: I want to buy this online, but I'm worried about my credit card. Mike: Just make sure the website has a little lock symbol near the address. Lisa: What does that mean?
Mike: It means the connection is secure. Also, use strong passwords. Lisa: Like password123?
Mike: No! That's a weak password. Use letters, numbers, and symbols. Lisa: Okay, I'll be more careful. Thank you!
Exercise 2.3. Fill in the blanks
1.Lisa wants to buy something ______.
2.The lock symbol means the connection is ______.
3.Password123 is a ______ password.
4.Mike suggests using letters, numbers, and ______.
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Exercise 2.4. Answer the questions
1.What is Lisa worried about?
2.What does the lock symbol mean?
3.What is wrong with "password123"?
4.What makes a strong password?
Social Media Discussion
Anna: I'm thinking about deleting my social media accounts. John: Why? I love seeing photos from my friends!
Anna: But people only show their perfect lives. It makes me feel bad. John: I understand. But you can use it to learn new things too.
Anna: Maybe. But I waste so much time scrolling.
John: True. Maybe just use it less instead of deleting it completely? Anna: That's a good idea. I'll try to limit my time.
Exercise 2.5. True or false?
1.Anna wants to delete her social media.
2.John hates social media.
3.Social media makes Anna feel good.
4.Anna decides to delete all her accounts.
Exercise 2.6. Find the following words in the dialogue
1.социальные сети ______
2.удалить ______
3.тратить время ______
4.ограничить ______
3. Grammar and Vocabulary
Exercise 3.1. Choose the correct type of conditionals (Second or Third Conditional).
1. If I (had / would have) a smartphone, I would download this app.
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2.If she (had backed up / would have backed up) her data, she wouldn't have lost all her photos.
3.They (would buy / would have bought) the new laptop if they had enough money.
4.If you (had used / used) stronger passwords, your account wouldn't have been hacked.
5.I (would stream / would have streamed) the movie if my internet connection were better.
6.If he (had updated / updated) his software, the virus wouldn't have infected his computer.
7.We (would join / would have joined) the video call if we had known about
it.
8.If I (were / had been) you, I would enable two-factor authentication.
9.She (wouldn't have missed / wouldn't miss) the online meeting if her alarm had worked.
10.If they (had better / had had better) equipment, they would create better content.
Exercise 3.2. Complete with the correct form of the verb in brackets
1.If I (have) more storage space, I (keep) all my photos in the cloud.
2.She (not lose) her cryptocurrency if she (remember) her wallet password.
3.If they (invest) in that tech startup, they (become) millionaires.
4.I (buy) that smartwatch if it (be) more affordable.
5.If he (back up) his files, he (not lose) all his work.
6.We (can participate) in the metaverse if we (have) VR headsets.
7.If I (know) about the bug, I (not install) that update.
8.They (not get) hacked if they (use) antivirus software.
9.If my phone (have) better battery life, I (use) it for navigation.
10.She (not miss) the deadline if her computer (not crash).
Exercise 3.3. Complete the sentences using the correct type of conditionals
1.If I had programmed the AI better, ______
2.I would invest in cryptocurrency if ______
3.If she had checked the system requirements, ______
4.They would create a startup if ______
5.If my laptop hadn't been so slow, ______
6.We would have joined the online conference if ______
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