Английский язык «Bridge to Confidence». Учебное пособие для студентов всех специальностей
.pdf2.you / ever / be / to the USA? ( ... )
3.Grammar and Vocabulary
Exercise 3.1. Choose the right option
1.My sister has been/gone to Paris twice.
2."Where is Tom?" - "He has been/gone to the supermarket."
3.I have never been/gone to Australia.
4.They have been/gone to Mexico and now they're back.
5.The letter has been/gone to the wrong address.
6.Have you ever been/gone to London?
7.My parents have been/gone shopping. They'll be back soon.
8.This book has been/gone to many countries with me.
9.She has been/gone to the doctor's and feels better now.
10.Has John ever been/gone to Japan?
Exercise 3.2. Make up sentences with Present Perfect
1.I / never / be / to China
2.She / be / to Italy / three times
3.They / not be / to this museum
4.You / ever / eat / sushi?
5.He / never / see / the Eiffel Tower
6.We / be / to Canada / twice
7.I / not visit / London / yet
8.She / ever / ride / a camel?
9.They / never / try / Mexican food
10.You / be / to the new park?
Exercise 3.3. Find and correct the mistakes.
1.I have never gone to Spain.
2.She has been to the shop. Here is the milk she bought.
3.Have you ever gone to Portugal?
4.They have gone to France last year.
5.My brother has been to Canada. He's still there.
6.We have never gone to Asia.
7.He has gone to this restaurant many times.
8.Have they ever been to Africa? No, they're still there.
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9.I have been to the bank. I need to go again tomorrow.
10.She has never gone to the USA.
Exercise 3.4. Translate the following sentences into English with Present Perfect.
1.Я никогда не был в Германии.
2.Они были в театре на прошлой неделе.
3.Ты когда-нибудь видел Эйфелеву башню?
4.Мои родители ушли в магазин.
5.Мы никогда не пробовали испанскую еду.
6.Она была в Лондоне три раза.
7.Где Джон? Он ушел в библиотеку.
8.Вы когда-нибудь летали на самолете?
9.Они только что ушли в кино.
10.Я никогда не читал эту книгу.
Exercise 3.5. Make up questions with «ever» and answer them with a partner.
1.you / ever / be / to New York? (+)
2.they / ever / try / Japanese food? (-)
3.she / ever / visit / the British Museum? (+)
4.he / ever / see / the Pyramids? (-)
5.we / ever / stay / in a five-star hotel? (-)
6.your parents / ever / meet / a famous person? (+)
7.you / ever / lose / your passport? (-)
8.she / ever / ride / a horse? (+)
9.they / ever / win / a competition? (-)
10.he / ever / read / "War and Peace"? (+)
4.Speaking.
4.1.With a partner, ask and answer the questions
1.What country would you like to visit most? Why?
2.Do you prefer traveling by plane, train, or car? Why?
3.What is the most beautiful place you have ever visited? Describe it.
4.What things do you always pack in your suitcase when you travel?
5.Do you like to try local food when you travel? Why or why not?
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6.What is more interesting for you: a beach holiday or an active holiday (like hiking)?
7.Have you ever had any problems while traveling? What happened?
8.Do you like to take photos when you travel? What do you like to photograph?
9.Would you prefer to travel alone or with friends/family? Why?
10.What is your dream travel destination?
5. Writing.
5.1.Write an essay on the topic «Travelling and adventure».
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UNIT VII Health and Fitness
1.Reading
1.1.Read the following text and translate it into Russian
Health and Fitness: Your Guide to a Healthy Life
Introduction: What Does "Healthy Lifestyle" Mean?
Hello! Today we are going to talk about a very important topic: health and fitness. For many people, a healthy lifestyle means eating good food, doing regular exercise, and having good mental health. It is not about being perfect. It is about making good choices every day to feel better, have more energy, and live a long, happy life.
When you are a student, your life can be very busy. You have lectures, homework, and exams. Sometimes, you don’t have time to think about your health. But it is very important to take care of yourself. When you are healthy, you can study better, enjoy your free time, and spend time with friends.
This text will talk about three main things: healthy habits, common health problems, and what happens when you visit a doctor.
Part 1: Healthy Habits – Easy Steps for Every Day
A healthy life starts with small, easy steps. You don’t need to run a marathon tomorrow! Small changes can make a big difference.
1. Balanced Diet
What is a balanced diet? It means eating different types of food that give your body the nutrients it needs. Imagine your plate. Half of it should be fruits and vegetables. A quarter should be protein, like chicken, fish, beans, or eggs. The last quarter should be carbohydrates, like rice, pasta, or bread.
Try to avoid too much sugar, salt, and fast food. For example, instead of drinking soda, drink water. Instead of eating chips, eat an apple or a banana.
Remember: It’s okay to eat chocolate or ice cream sometimes, but not every day!
2. Regular Exercise
Your body needs to move! Exercise helps your heart, your muscles, and your mind. You don’t need to go to the gym every day. You can:
Go for a walk in the park.
Ride a bicycle to the university. Do yoga at home in the morning. Dance to your favourite music.
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Try to be active for at least 30 minutes a day. Exercise is also great for reducing stress.
3. Sleep Well
Sleep is very important for your health. When you sleep, your body and mind rest. Most students need 7-9 hours of sleep every night. If you don’t sleep enough, you can feel very tired the next day. You can’t concentrate on your studies, and you may feel grumpy.
To sleep better, try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
Don’t look at your phone or computer before sleep. Read a book or listen to calm music instead.
4. Drink Water
Water is essential for life. It helps your body work correctly. When you don’t drink enough water, you can get a headache or feel tired. Try to drink about 8 glasses of water every day. You can also drink tea or eat fruits like watermelon, which have a lot of water.
5. Mental Health
Health is not only physical. Your mental health is very important too.
This means how you feel emotionally. Student life can be stressful. It’s normal to feel worried or sad sometimes.
To have good mental health, you can:
Talk to your friends or family about your problems.
Take breaks when you study. Don’t study for 5 hours without a rest!
Do activities you enjoy, like reading, drawing, or listening to music. Spend time in nature.
Part 2: Common Health Problems and Symptoms
Sometimes, even if we try to be healthy, we get sick. It’s normal. Here are some common health problems and their symptoms.
What is a symptom? A symptom is a sign that you are sick. For example, if you have a headache, the pain in your head is the symptom.
Common Illnesses:
A cold: This is very common. Symptoms include a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and sometimes a fever. You usually feel better in a week.
The flu (influenza): The flu is like a bad cold. Symptoms are a high fever, body aches, a headache, and feeling very tired. It can make you feel very sick.
Stomach ache: You can get a stomach ache if you eat bad food or are very nervous. Symptoms are pain in your stomach, and sometimes diarrhoea or vomiting.
Headache: Almost everyone gets a headache sometimes. It can be because of stress, not sleeping enough, or not drinking enough water.
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Allergy: Some people are allergic to things like pollen, dust, or some foods. Symptoms can be sneezing, itchy eyes, or a rash on the skin.
If you have these symptoms, it is usually not serious. You can rest, drink tea with honey for a sore throat, or take a simple medicine from the pharmacy.
When to see a doctor? You should see a doctor if:
Your symptoms are very bad. You have a very high fever.
You don’t feel better after a few days.
Part 3: Visiting the Doctor
If you feel very sick, you need to visit a doctor. For many students, this can be scary, especially in a foreign language. But don’t worry! It is not difficult.
Before the visit:
First, you need to make an appointment. You call the clinic and say you want to see a doctor. In many universities, there is a medical centre for students. It is often free or very cheap.
At the clinic:
When you arrive, you talk to the receptionist. You say your name and why you are there. Then, you wait until the doctor is ready.
With the doctor:
The doctor will ask you: "What’s the matter?" or "How are you feeling?" You need to describe your symptoms. Here are some useful sentences:
"I have a headache / sore throat / stomach ache." "I have a fever."
"I feel dizzy." (This means your head is spinning). "I have been vomiting."
"I feel very tired."
The doctor may examine you. They might look at your throat, check your temperature, or measure your blood pressure.
Then, the doctor will tell you what is wrong. This is called a diagnosis. For example, "You have the flu." or "It’s a common cold."
Finally, the doctor may give you a prescription. This is a piece of paper for medicine. You take it to a pharmacy, and the pharmacist gives you the medicine. The doctor might also give you advice, like "Rest for a few days" or "Drink more water."
Conclusion: Your Health is in Your Hands
Living a healthy lifestyle is a journey, not a finish line. Some days are easy, some days are difficult. The important thing is to try your best.
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Remember:
Eat good food, but sometimes it’s okay to eat a piece of cake.
Move your body in a way that you enjoy. Sleep enough to feel rested.
Drink water every day.
Take care of your mind as well as your body.
Don’t be afraid to see a doctor if you feel sick.
Your health is your most valuable thing. When you are healthy, you can achieve your dreams, enjoy your student years, and build a happy future. Start with one small change today. Good luck!
Active Vocabulary List
advice - совет
allergic - аллергичный allergy - аллергия appointment - встреча, запись
blood pressure - кровяное давление body aches - ломота в теле
busy - занятой carbohydrates - углеводы cheap - дешевый
cold - простуда
common - распространенный cough - кашель
diagnosis - диагноз diarrhoea - диарея diet - диета, питание doctor - врач
energy - энергия essential - необходимый
exercise - физические упражнения fast food - фастфуд
fever - температура, лихорадка fitness - физическая форма
flu (influenza) - грипп free - бесплатный
grumpy - раздражительный headache - головная боль health - здоровье
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healthy - здоровый
illness / Sickness - болезнь itchy - зудящий
lifestyle - образ жизни
medical centre - медицинский центр mental health - психическое здоровье nutrient - питательное вещество pharmacist - фармацевт
pharmacy - аптека
prescription - рецепт на лекарство protein - белок
rash - сыпь
receptionist - администратор runny nose - насморк
sick - больной sleep - сон
sore throat - больное горло stomach ache - боль в животе stress - стресс
symptom - симптом avoid - избегать
concentrate - концентрироваться examine - осматривать
feel dizzy - чувствовать головокружение make an appointment - записаться на прием take care of - заботиться о
visit a doctor - посетить врача valuable - ценный
vomiting – рвота
1.2. Read the text again and say which facts in the sentences (1-10) are true, false or not stated
1.A healthy lifestyle means you must never eat chocolate or ice cream.
2.Doing exercise is only good for your body, not for your mind.
3.Most students need less than 7 hours of sleep to feel good.
4.Drinking enough water can help you avoid headaches.
5.The text says that talking to friends is a good way to improve your mental health.
6.A runny nose and a sore throat are symptoms of a cold.
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7.You should always go to the doctor immediately if you have a headache.
8.The text recommends studying for 5 hours without a break.
9.In many universities, students can see a doctor for free or for a low cost.
10.The doctor gives you a prescription to buy medicine at a pharmacy.
2. Dialogues
At the Gym
Sarah: Hi Tom! I haven't seen you here before. Do you often come to this gym?
Tom: Hi Sarah! No, this is my first time. I need to get in shape. I sit in the office all day.
Sarah: That's great! What exercises are you going to do?
Tom: I think I'll start with the treadmill. Maybe 20 minutes? I don't want to get too tired on my first day.
Sarah: Good idea. Remember to drink water. And don't forget to stretch after your workout!
Tom: Thanks for the advice! By the way, how often do you exercise? Sarah: I come here three times a week. It helps me feel energetic and reduces stress.
Exercise 2.1. Answer the questions
1.Is this Tom's first time at the gym?
2.Why does Tom want to exercise?
3.What exercise is Tom going to start with?
4.How often does Sarah go to the gym?
Exercise 2.2. Complete the sentences using the words from the dialogue.
1.Tom sits in the ______ all day.
2.Sarah advises Tom to drink ______.
3.Tom doesn't want to get too ______ on his first day.
4.Exercise helps Sarah feel ______.
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Healthy Eating
Lisa: You look great, Mike! Have you lost weight?
Mike: Thanks, Lisa! Yes, I've started eating healthier food. No more fast food!
Lisa: Really? What do you usually eat now?
Mike: For breakfast I have oatmeal with fruit. For lunch - salad with chicken. It's not difficult!
Lisa: That sounds good. But don't you miss pizza and burgers?
Mike: Sometimes. But I feel much better now. I have more energy, and I sleep better too.
Lisa: Maybe I should try eating healthier too. Can you give me some advice? Mike: Of course! Start by adding more vegetables to your meals. And drink more water instead of soda.
Exercise 2.3. Read the text again and say which facts in the sentences are true, false or not stated
1.Mike has started eating more fast food.
2.Mike eats oatmeal for breakfast.
3.Lisa thinks Mike's diet sounds bad.
4.Mike feels worse now than before.
Exercise 2.4. Find the words in the dialogue
1.Здоровее питание - ______
2.Похудеть - ______
3.Чувствовать себя лучше - ______
4.Дать совет - ______
Doctor's Visit
Doctor: Good morning. What's the problem?
Anna: Good morning, doctor. I have a headache and a sore throat. I feel very tired.
Doctor: Let me check your temperature. Do you sleep enough? Anna: Not really. I have exams now, so I study until late.
Doctor: I see. Your temperature is normal. You need to rest more. Go to bed early and drink warm tea with honey.
Anna: Thank you, doctor. Should I take any medicine?
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