Smart technologies in petroleum industry. Интеллектуальные геофизические системы в нефтегазовой индустрии. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

С. В. НИКРОШКИНА Н. Е. МАКАРОВА

SMART TECHNOLOGIES IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ИНДУСТРИИ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета

в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2022

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ББК 81.432.1-923 Н 647

Рецензенты:

Мартынова Е. И., канд. филол. наук, профессор кафедры иностранных языков СГУВТ

Ноженко Е. В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры ИЯ ТФ НГТУ

Никрошкина С. В.

Н 647 Smart technologies in petroleum industry. Интеллектуальные геофизические системы в нефтегазовой индустрии : учебное пособие / С. В. Никрошкина, Н. Е. Макарова. – Новосибирск :

Изд-во НГТУ, 2022. – 132 с. ISBN 978-5-7782-4719-2

Целью данного пособия является учебно-методическое обеспечение системы образования Новосибирского Государственного Технического Университета. Пособие предназначено для бакалавров, обучающихся по специальности «Интеллектуальные геофизические системы в нефтегазовой индустрии». Пособие содержит англоязычные тексты по специальным тематикам, затрагивающим различные аспекты нефтегазовой промышленности, а также разработанный на их основе комплекс заданий, ориентированных на взаимосвязанное формирование умений иноязычного чтения, письма и говорения в контексте английского для профессиональных целей. Пособие также включает дополнительные задания по развитию навыков перевода и говорения.

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health, hygiene, housing, and food. Yet, it is an inventive business sector constantly adapting to new environments and meeting new challenges. Chemicals derived from petroleum or natural gas – petrochemicals – are an essential part of the chemical industry today. Today, the main purposes of petrochemistry are the study and development of methods of hydrocarbons, natural gas and other oil component processing for the creation of optimal processes of producing organic compounds. The organic compounds are used as raw material for production of the marketable chemical products (such as polymers, films, synthetic rubbers, detergents, lubricants, colorants, additives, etc.). Most organic compounds are “petrochemical”, but usually this term is applied to the products, which are made in relatively large quantities. Petrochemistry is a fairly young industry. According to the opinion of Russian scientists, the beginning of the petrochemistry development is 1920, when the American company “Standard Oil” started to produce isopropyl alcohol from propylene. The first petrochemical plant, involved in ethylene production, was put in operation in 1923 by another American company – Union Carbide. Before then, it used to be an experimental sector, starting with basic materials: synthetic rubbers in the 1900s, Bakelite, the first petrochemical derived in 1907, the first petrochemical in the 1920s, polystyrene in the 1930. The new industry started to grow rapidly only in the 1940s, more than 80 years after the drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859. During World War II, the demand for materials to replace costly and sometimes less efficient products caused the petrochemical industry to develop into a major sector in today’s economy and society. The petrochemistry industry includes an incredible variety of areas – from household goods to medicine, from leisure to highly specialized fields like archeology or crime detection. However, all this is little known. Petrochemicals do not reach the final consumer; they are first sold to customer industries, undergo several transformations, and then go into products that seem to bear no relation whatsoever to the initial raw material. As a result, few of us make the connection between the petrochemical industry and their equipment, their CDs, food packaging or computers; few realize the amount of scientific efforts that went into these commonplace objects. Although benefiting daily from end products that have been made thanks to the input of the petrochemical industry, we don’t see an obvious connection between these everyday commodities and petrochemistry.

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DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL VOCABULARY WORKING OUT THE MEANING OF UNKNOWN WORDS

1. The following words in the box are all from the text above. Find them in the text.

2. For each word, read the sentence it occurs in and answer the questions.

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

AFTER-READING TASKS

1. Answer the following questions

1.What is Petrochemistry? What does it study?

2.Which chemical products are commonly used in modern life?

3.Which raw material is used for production of organic compounds?

4.What boosted the growth of petrochemical industry?

5.What are the challenges of Petrochemistry nowadays?

6.Does petrochemistry deal with small or large production quantities?

2.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information

in the text?

1.Petrochemistry utilizes basic materials, such as synthetic rubbers.

2.Petrochemistry is an inventive business sector adapting to new environments and challenges.

3.The new industry started to grow as soon as the first commercial oil well was drilled.

4.Petrochemistry completely replaced less efficient products.

3. Match the words above with their definitions

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4. Match the words from the text with their synonyms

The word fundamental in the text is closest to the meaning

(a)Basic

(b)Advanced

(c)Extra

(d)Initial

The word efficient in the text is closest to the meaning

(a)ineffective

(b)useless

(c)productive

(d)unable

The word undergo in the text is closest to the meaning

(a)disapprove

(b)let go

(c)go through

(d)execute

The word reach in the text is closest to the meaning

(a)abandon

(b)lose

(c)leave

(d)arrive

5. Find the corresponding prepositions for the following verbs in the text and write Russian equivalents:

apply ___

adapt ___

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derived ___

involve ___

put ___

benefit ___

demand ____

7. Use the phrases above to fill in the gaps

1.The first ethylene production plant was ___________ in 1923.

2.Petrochemistry is constantly _________________________ and new challenges.

3.The amount of scientific efforts that ____________________ of marketable chemical products is sometimes underestimated.

4.Petrochemicals ______________________are an essential part of the chemical industry today.

5.Petrochemistry is _______________ fundamental human needs, such as health, hygiene, housing, and food.

6.Thanks to the input of chemical industry we can

____________________.

8. Match the collocations

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9. Translate from Russian into English, use he collocations above

1.Большинство органических соединений являются «нефтехимическими» и используются для производства полимеров, пленки, синтетической резины, растворителей, смазочных веществ, красителей, добавок и т. д.

2.Иногда связь между нефтехимией и товарами повседневного использования неочевидна.

3.Разработка первой коммерческой нефтяной скважины в 1895 дала толчок новой промышленности.

4.Нефтехимия также нашла свое применение в узкоспециализированных областях, таких как криминалистика и археология.

5.Что является сырьем для товаров повседневного использования?

6.Нефтехимия стала новаторским деловым сегментом, который постоянно меняется в зависимости от человеческих потребностей и решает новые задачи.

7.Синтетическая резина – это полимер, произведенный из нефтепродуктов.

8.Химикаты, полученные из нефти или природного газа, являются неотъемлемой частью химической промышленности сегодня.

9.Большое количество научных усилий было затрачено на разработку методов обработки нефтесодержащих продуктов для создания оптимальных процессов производства органических соединений.

10.Нефтепродукты претерпевают различные трансформации прежде, чем они попадут к конечному потребителю.

WORD BUILDING

1. Form nouns adding the suffixes -er, -or to the given verbs. Translate the nouns and verbs into Russian

Example:

to design – a designer (конструировать – конструктор) to detect – a detector (определять – детектор)

1. to build

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2.to operate

3.to contain

4.to receive

5.to read

6.to produce

7.to transmit

8.to invent

9.to discover

GRAMMAR

THE PASSIVE VOICE

An active sentence like I conducted this experiment has the subject first (the person or thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing that the action happens to).

So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'conducted' and the object is 'this experiment'.

But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put the object first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can happen for lots of reasons. In this case, we can use a passive, which puts the object first:

• This experiment was conducted by me (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary).

How to make the Passive in English

We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need and then adding the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past participle by adding 'ed' to the infinitive. So play becomes played.

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