Essentials of pedagogical profession. Учебное пособие

ent pupils, incorporating extra-curricular knowledge to develop a deeper knowledge of a particular topic. However, some critics claim that the hybrid style can weaken the learning process, as teachers try to be all things to all students.

How Effective Are These Five Teaching Styles? Knowing how to engage pupils in the learning process across a broad range of topics is important in developing an effective teaching style in the classroom. To ensure pupils receive the learning that works for them, it’s important for teachers to experiment with different styles, and challenge themselves to find a strategy that will reach each and every one of their pupils. » [14; 15; 16]

(Abridged from the original texts provided by https://en.sodiummedia.com; http://en.housepsych.com)

1.Answer the following questions:

1)What is pedagogical communication?

2)What styles of pedagogical communication are used by teachers?

3)What does the effectiveness of pedagogical communication depend on?

4)What factors caused the significant changes in traditional teaching methods?

5)What teaching styles can be used in a modern classroom?

6)When do teachers use authority style?

7)Why is authority style not suitable for standard classroom setting?

8)When is a delegator style used?

9)What does a teacher do when he or she acts as a delegator?

10)What is the facilitator style?

11)What skills are developed in the facilitator style?

12)What is a disadvantage of the facilitator style?

13)What disciplines is the facilitator style suitable for?

14)What is the demonstrator style like?

15)What subjects is the hybrid style popular in?

16)Why do some people criticize the hybrid style?

2.Agree or disagree with the following statements. If the statement is false correct it.

1)The style of pedagogical communication does not influence the development of student`s personality.

2)Authority style is good for teaching small groups of students.

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3)Some people disapprove of the delegator style.

4)The facilitator style of communication is good for large groups of students.

5)As the facilitator teacher does not interact with individual students.

6)The demonstrator style is similar to the authority style.

7)The demonstrator style accommodates all students` needs.

8)To develop an effective teaching style it is necessary to know what to do if we want to engage pupils in the process of learning.

3.Express your opinion about the following statements. Explain your ideas.

1)The authority style is not used in modern school.

2)The best style of pedagogical communication is facilitator style.

3)Each style has advantages and disadvantages.

4)The hybrid style is not a style, but just a combination of styles.

5)A good teacher can easily use any style of communication.

Unit 3.

The structure of pedagogical communication

The following stages are distinguished in the structure of pedagogical communication:

1)The prognostic stage (the teacher’s modeling of future communication) – the teacher outlines the contours of interaction: plans, and also predicts the structure, content, means of communication. The teacher’s target setting is crucial in this process. He should take care to attract students to the interaction and create a creative atmosphere, and also open the world of a child’s personality.

2)Communicative attack – it is important for the teacher to master the technique of entering into interaction and methods of dynamic influence:

-infection (the purpose of which is an emotional, subconscious response in an interaction based on empathy with them, is nonverbal in nature);

-suggestion (conscious infection with motivation through speech exposure);

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-persuasion (reasoned, informed and motivated influence on the individual’s belief system);

-imitation (implies the assimilation of the forms of behavior of another person, which is based on conscious and subconscious identification of oneself with her).

3) Communication management is aimed at conscious and focused organization of interaction. It is very important to create an atmosphere of goodwill in which the student will freely manifest his self, will receive positive emotions from communication. The teacher, in turn, should show interest in students, actively perceive information from them, give an opportunity to express their opinions, convey their optimism to students, as well as confidence in success and outline ways to achieve goals.

4) Communication analysis (comparison of goals, means with the results of interaction, as well as modeling of further communication).

The perceptual component of pedagogical communication is aimed at studying, perceiving, understanding and evaluating each other’s communication partners. The personality of the teacher, his professional and individual psychological qualities is an important condition that determines the nature of the dialogue. The important professional qualities of a teacher include the ability to give an adequate assessment of the individual characteristics of students, their interests, inclinations, moods. Only the pedagogical process built with this in mind can be effective.

The communicative component of pedagogical communication is determined by the nature of the relationship of the participants in the dialogue.

The early stages of pedagogical interaction with a child are marked by the lack of potential of an equal participant in the exchange of information, because the child does not have sufficient knowledge for this. The teacher is a carrier of human experience embedded in the educational program of knowledge. But this does not mean that the teacher’s communication in the early stages is a one-way process. At present, it’s not enough just to give students information. It is necessary to intensify students’ own efforts to absorb knowledge.

Of particular importance are active teaching methods that encourage children to independently find the necessary information, as well as its further use in a variety of conditions. Having mastered a large amount of data and developing the ability to operate with it,

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students turn into equal participants in the educational dialogue, making a significant contribution to communication.» [14; 15]

(Abridged from the original texts provided by https://en.sodiummedia.com; http://en.housepsych.com)

1.Read the text and see how many questions you can answer:

1)How many stages does pedagogical communication consist of?

2)What methods of dynamic influence are mentioned in the text?

3)What does a teacher do on prognostic stage?

4)What are the main goals of communication management?

5)What is a teacher`s task at the stage of communication management?

6)What is communication analysis?

7)What is the perceptual component of pedagogical communication aimed at?

8)Under what condition the dialogue can be effective?

9)What are the necessary teacher`s abilities?

10)What role does the teacher play at the early stages of pedagogical interaction with a child?

2.Express your opinion about the following statements.

1)Profession of a teacher is very difficult.

2)A teacher is like an actor.

3)A teacher has only duties and doesn`t have a lot of rights.

4)Pedagogical interaction depends on teacher`s personality and character.

5)To give students information today is not enough.

6)Students can become equal participants in teaching-learning process on some conditions.

7)Effective communication is always mutual process.

Unit 4.

«Functions of pedagogical communication

Pedagogical communication is considered as the establishment of interpersonal close relationships based on the degree of commonality of interests, thoughts, feelings; establishing a friendly, welcoming atmosphere between the object and the subject, providing the most effective process of education and training, mental and

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intellectual development of a person, preserving the uniqueness and individuality of personal characteristics.

Functions of pedagogical communication are divided into designating, cognitive, emotive, facilitative, regulatory, functions of self-actualization.

Communication is responsible for the interest in the success of the student, as well as maintaining a benevolent contact and atmosphere, which contributes to self-actualization and further development of the student.

Pedagogical communication should ensure respect for the personality of the child. The understanding and perception of the student’s personality by the teacher is the knowledge of the spiritual world, the physical conditions of the child, individual and age, mental, national and other differences, mental neoplasm and manifestations of sensitivity.

The teacher’s understanding of the student’s personality forms the atmosphere of an attitude of interest towards him, as well as goodwill, and helps to determine the prospects for the development of the personality and their regulation.

The function of understanding and perceiving the personality of the student by the teacher should be considered as the most important.

The information function is responsible for real psychological contact with students, develops the process of cognition, gives an exchange of spiritual and material values, creates mutual understanding, forms a cognitive search for solutions, positive motivation in achieving success in learning and self-education, in becoming a person, eliminates psychological barriers, establishes interpersonal relationships a team.

The information function is responsible for organizing group, individual, collective communication. Individual communication contributes to the cognition of the personality, as well as the impact on its consciousness, behavior, as well as on its correction and change.

Contact function – establishing contact for mutual readiness to transmit and receive training information.

The incentive function is the stimulation of student activity aimed at the implementation of educational activities.

An emotive function is a student’s prompting of necessary emotional experiences, as well as changing with his help his own states and experiences.

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Pedagogical communication should be guided by human dignity and ethical values such as frankness, honesty, trust, selflessness, mercy, caring, gratitude, and loyalty to the word play a great role in productive communication. » [14; 15]

(Abridged from the original texts provided by https://en.sodiummedia.com)

1.Read the text and answer the following questions:

1)What is pedagogical communication? Can you add anything to the definition given in the text?

2)What is communication needed for?

3)What is the understanding of the student’s personality by the teacher?

4)What functions of pedagogical communication do you know?

5)What does the teacher`s understanding of the student`s personality form?

6)What is the informational function aimed to?

7)What is contact function meant to?

8)What ethical values guide pedagogical communication?

9)What function of pedagogical communication is the main?

2.Express your opinion about the following statements.

1)Friendly atmosphere is important for pedagogical communication.

2)Motivation of students is necessary for effective teaching.

3)Communication is impossible if a teacher does not understand a student`s personality.

4)Students should understand a teacher`s personality to make communication effective.

5)Communication can be of different forms.

6)Some functions of pedagogical communication are more important than the others.

7)Only interactive communication can be productive.

Unit 5.

Reading professional texts effectively

There are different reading modes or types and each of them has its own peculiarities. Those are scanning, skimming eyes, extensive reading and intensive reading. Also, reading modes are classified by the degree of involvement – active and passive. It’s important

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to know the different types of reading skills to make the most of what you are reading.

Scanning

Scanning is a very quick form of reading text books or other materials. This reading mode is aimed only at seeking the necessary information in the text. It does not mean a complete immersion in the text and a deep comprehension of the facts, analysis of grammatical constructions. Often in this mode, the text is viewed for the presence of unfamiliar words, so that after their translation it will be easier to read the text fully. This type of reading is also called «diagonal reading». You can use this method when you don’t need to go deep into the text and read every word carefully. Scanning involves rapid reading and is often used by researchers and for writing reviews.

Skimming

Skimming is like scanning and sometimes it is referred as gist reading. This method is generally used to judge whether the information is useful or not. A good example of this is picking up a magazine and flipping through the pages. Skimming is a great way to get a broad idea of the topic being discussed. You take in only the headings or the pictures to get a broad idea of what the magazine covers. In this case, the text is also viewed quickly, but not as carefully as in the previous case. The goal is not to search for specific facts, but to evaluate the text for complexity, interest and a general storyline or just to read the main points of the concept or news. Skimming is not a good type of reading for ESL students who are learning English grammar.

Extensive reading

The purpose of this type of reading is to get acquainted with new information. Extensive reading is one of the methods of reading that people use for relaxation and pleasure. Adopt this method when the purpose is to enjoy the reading experience. It places no burden upon the reader and due to its indulgent nature; it is seldom used if the text isn’t enjoyable. This is one of the methods of reading that occurs naturally. It’s how you’ve read as a child and while growing up. This method of reading helps you understand words in context and enriches your vocabulary.

Intensive reading

Typically, this type of reading is used in the study of English in order to read carefully by paying complete attention to understand every word of the text. With this type of reading, gram-

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matical constructions, unfamiliar words and phrases are intensively examined. It is more time consuming than scanning and skimming. In intensive reading, students look inside the text. It is very important for ESL students as they can identify key vocabulary by the help of intensive reading. Students can improve their English vocabulary skills with this type of reading. This reading method is especially used when reading academic texts, where the goal is to prepare for an exam or to publish a report. This method helps retain information for much longer periods.

Critical reading

Among the different types of reading strategies, critical reading has a special place. Here, the facts and information are tested for accuracy. You take a look at the ideas mentioned and analyze them until you reach a conclusion. You would have to apply your critical faculties when using this method. Critical reading is often used when reading the news on social media, watching controversial advertisements, or reading periodicals.

Various types of reading can lead to different outcomes. Choosing the right one can be instrumental in furthering your goals. Moreover, diversifying your reading habits to include different types of reading will enable you to become a better writer and speaker. In addition, mastering all types of reading, you expand your vocabulary, learn grammatical constructions better and practice your spelling with the help of visual memorization. [19]

(Abridged from the texts provided by https://tv-english.club; https://careersplay.com; https://harappa.education)

1.How many of the following questions can you answer?

1)How many types of reading do you know? Tell about each of them in a few words.

2)Which type of reading is the easiest?

3)Which type of reading is the fastest?

4)What type of reading is appropriate for learning English?

4)What is the difference between intensive and extensive types of reading?

5)Speak about the peculiarities of each type of reading.

6)Which type of reading is suitable for reading professional texts? Why do you think so?

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EXERCISES FOR SELF-CHECK AND ADDITIONAL STUDY

1.How much can you remember? Answer the questions, look trough the texts given above if you need.

1)What activities belong to digital communication?

2)How many types of written communication can you remember?

3)What abilities are required for effective verbal communication?

4)What type of digital communication is the most effective?

5)What are the active parties in pedagogical communication?

6)What are the components of pedagogical communication?

7)What styles of pedagogical communication do teachers use today?

8)What type of education is the authority style popular in?

9)What is the second name for delegator style?

10)What style of pedagogical communication is used for selfdiscovery?

11)What style of pedagogical communication is better for music, art and PE subjects?

12)What components does hybrid style of pedagogical communication include?

13)How can a teacher outline the forms of interaction?

14)Why is it necessary to create the atmosphere of goodwill?

15)What makes students active participants in the educational dialogue?

16)How many functions of pedagogical communication can you remember?

17)What types of reading are used today?

18)Can you describe each type of reading in a few words?

2.Which definition is right for each point? Choose the answer you consider to be the right.

1) communication a) the act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce something

b)the method of sending information, by phones, computers, emails and many other ways

c)the act of changing something, or of examining something with the intention of changing it

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4) implementation a) the act of showing something or of giving something to somebody

b)the process of carrying out or putting into practice

c)the act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce something

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