Essentials of pedagogical profession. Учебное пособие

4)What is the essence of Aristotle`s “faculty psychology”?

5)Who are considered to be an ideologist of naturalistic theories?

6)What are the main ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

7)The names of what philosophers are tightly linked with apperception theories?

8)What are the main ideas of apperception theories?

9)What is sign learning?

10)What is trained according to conditioning and behaviourist theories?

11)What does the term “cognitive” mean?

12)Who is known to be the supporter of readiness theories?

13)When did structural theories appear?

14)What is Gestalt psychology?

15)What roles can a teacher play in teaching-learning process according to structural theories?

16)What structure is meant by structural theories and what qualities does it possess?

2.Which definition is right for each point?

1) discipline a) a problem, worry, difficulty, etc. or a situation causing this

b)all the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place

c)the system of order and strict obedience to rules enforced among pupils, soldiers, or others under authorities

111

4) imitation a) the act of copying somebody/something

b)the act of looking at or considering something very carefully

c)the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world

8) contempo- a) having the ability or qualities necessary for doing rary something

b)belonging to the present time

c)no longer used because something new has been invented

9) explora- a) the act of looking at or considering something very tion carefully

b)the activity of learning or gaining knowledge, either from books or by examining things in the world

c)the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for something in it

10) matura- a) the process of becoming adult

112

3.Work with the dictionary.

1)Look up the following groups of words in the dictionary. What parts of speech are the words (if they are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)? Pay attention to the suffixes and prefixes which are used to build a word.

2)Look up the following words with similar meaning in the dictionary. Choose at least five of the words and make your own sentences with them.

113

e)pleasure delight gratification amusement enjoyment entertainment

4. Role-play tasks. Work in pairs, prepare and act a dialogue for each of the following situations.

Situation 1.

At the airport

Student A: You are Mr. Dobson/Mrs. Dobson. You are at the airport. You are going to take a registration. Student B is a clerk.

Act out the situation and ask the clerk questions.

• Apologise and ask if it is Mercury Airlines counter.

• Ask if you can check your registration for today`s flight to Mexico city.

• Ask if everything is in order.

• Show your baggage and ask how much you should pay for the extra baggage.

• If you get a baggage check.

• Ask what the number of gate you should go to is. • What time the plane leaves. Thank the clerk.

Situation 2.

At the cinema

Student A: You are a student. Student B is your younger sister who is going to see a new film “Harry Potter and philosopher`s stone”. Ask your sister questions about the film.

• What she is going to do on weekend. • What film she will watch.

• If she has read a book about Harry.

• Express your opinion about the book and about the film.

114

• Ask who she is going with. • What time the film starts.

• If she had already bought the tickets.

Situation 3.

In the library

Student A: You are a librarian. Student B is a reader. Ask the reader questions to find out her tastes in literature. Help her to choose the book.

• If you can help her.

• What book she wants to read.

• If she likes detective stories or love stories. • Recommend her some books by Agatha Christie.

• Say there are a lot of books by modern writers and recommend some of them.

• Ask if the reader wants to take a book with love stories. • Which book she chooses.

Situation 4.

Move to London

Student A: You are what you are and you are going to move to London. Student B is your friend who has already moved to London. Ask your friend questions about the climate and weather in London.

• When she had moved to London. • If it was cold last winter.

• If they had much snow.

• What she can say about the other seasons. • What the last spring was.

• If it is always hot in summer. • If August was as hot as July.

Situation 5.

At the party

Student A: You are a guest at the party. Student B is one of the guests, too. Act out the conversation between two guests and ask the guest questions about the party.

• If the party is good.

• If you had met the guest before. • Where and when it was.

115

• If her brother is John Summers. Introduce yourself. • Offer her to drink something.

• Ask her to give you regards to her brother.

Situation 6.

At a bank

Student A: You are a clerk at a bank. Student B is your colleague. You are going together on a business trip. You met at the railway station and ask the your colleague questions about your trip.

• Say hello and ask if you are late or not. • When the train leaves.

• If it is an express.

• If you should buy a ticket. • How much the fare is. • Which platform is yours.

• Ask your colleague to help you with your suitcase.

VOCABULARY REVISION

116

GRAMMAR

Unit 1. Verbals

Infinitive

We use the to-infinitive:

• to express purpose.

They went to school to meet with their son`s teacher.

• after would love, would like, would prefer (я бы хотел, я

бы предпочел)

I would like to learn a foreign language.

• after certain adjectives such as: glad (рад), difficult (трудно), happy (счастлив), sorry (сожалею), willing (готовый), nice (здорово), afraid (напуган), ashamed (стыдно), etc.

He is glad to be back.

We are sorry to tell you the bad news.

It is nice to spend a wonderful day in the park.

• after certain verbs such as: advise (советовать), afford (позволить

себе), agree (согласен), appear (оказывается), decide (решить), expect (ожидать), hope (надеяться), learn (узнать), manage (удалось), offer (предложить), pretend (притворяться), promise (обещать), refuse (отказаться), seem (казаться), teach (обучать), want (хотеть), etc.

Helen expected me to give her a ring as a present.

• in the expressions: to tell (you) the truth, to begin with, to be honest, to start with, to sum up, etc.

To be honest, I don`t like horror films.

• after too and enough

You are too young to drive a car.

I`ve got enough money to buy a new dress.

The bare infinitive (without particle to)

We use bare infinitive:

• after modal verbs: can, could, may, might, will, would, must, etc.

They must be at home by 10pm.

• after the verbs feel, hear, make, let, see.

117

The teacher let the students rewrite the test.

But: be made/be heard/be seen + to-infinitive

They were seen to cheat at the test.

• after had better and would rather.

We had better come to the airport in advance. I would rather go home now.

Gerund

We use the –ing form:

• as a noun.

Swimming keeps you fit.

• after love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, etc.

He likes going for long walks.

• after some prepositions.

I am thinking of buying a new mascara.

• after certain verbs such as:

118

Monica spent all day shopping.

• after the expressions: I`m busy, what`s the use of, it`s no use, what about…?, it`s (not) worth, be busy, look forward to, it`s no good, be/get used to, can`t stand, have difficulty (in), can`t help, there`s no point (in), how about…?, etc.

I am looking forward to visiting the Hermitage in the summer.

• after the following phrases with be:

afraid of (бояться, испугаться); indignant at (негодовать); busy in (занятый); interested in (интересоваться, увлекаться); capable\ incapable of (способный\неспособный); keen on (увлечен); disappointed at (разочарованный); pleased\displeased at (доволен\ недоволен); engaged in (вовлеченный, занятый); proud of (гордый); excited about (в восторге от); responsible for (ответственный за); fond of (увлечен); sure of (уверен); good at (успешный); surprised at (удивлен); guilty of (виновен); tired of (устал); get used to (привыкнуть); used to (привыкший)

Certain verbs may be followed by either the to-infinitive or the –ing form. In this case, however, there is a change in meaning.

Forget

forget + to-infinitive = забыть, не помнить сделать что-то

I`m sorry I forgot to call you.

forget + -ing form = забыть о событии в прошлом

I will never forget meeting my wife for the first time.

Remember

remember + to-infinitive = не забыть сделать что-то

She remembered to switch off the iron.

remember + -ing form = помнить, вспомнить о событии в прошлом

I don`t remember telling you my telephone number.

119

Try

try + to-infinitive = пытаться, стараться сделать что-то

He tried to win the race.

try + -ing form = попробовать сделать что-то

Try exercising, you may lose weight.

Stop

stop + to-infinitive = перестать делать одно дело чтобы сделать другое дело; отвлечься на другое дело

He stopped to drink some tea and then continued working. stop + -ing form = закончить дело

He stopped eating junk food because it is unhealthy.

Regret

regret + to-infinitive = с сожалением сообщаем (вежливая формула)

We regret to inform you that you have failed the exam.

regret + =ing form = сожалеть о совершенном поступке или поведении

I regret treating him in such a strict way.

Go on

go on + to-infinitive = продолжить прерванное действие

He welcomed us and went on to offer us some drinks. go on + =ing form = не переставать делать что-то

They went on talking for hours.

Mean

mean + to-infinitive = намереваться сделать что-то

She means to open her own shop.

mean + =ing form = означать, подразумевать

Being a pilot means travelling a lot.

Note: the verbs hear, see, watch, notice and similar verbs of perception can be followed by:

object + infinitive without to or object + ing form

I saw him cross the bridge. (=As I looked, he crossed it from one side to the other.)

120