Учебное пособие по английскому языку с упражнениями по развитию креативного мышления. Часть 2

3.Decision

4.Agreement

5.Economy

6.Demand

7.Distribution

8.Consumer

Ex. 3. Give the answers interpreting the following words.

Example: fast, green, full – train.

Ex. 4. Make your own sentences based from four words, in which every word begins with the following letters:

Example: N…B…W…T... – Nice boy watched TV.

1). I…S…C…P…F…

2). I…H…H…C…T…D…

3). I…H…N…S…T…B…

4). H…I…A…V…T…P…

5). S…I…A…V…B…W…

6). H…I…A…S…A…H…F…

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Ex. 5. Explain what you see in the picture.

Ex. 6. Retell the text.

What does the Federal Reserve System do?

The Federal Reserve System was created in order to provide a somewhat more elastic currency—that is, a money stock that would respond to business needs, as compared with a fixed commodity currency, which might not be as responsive to changing business conditions. In doing that, of course, it raises the possibility that the Federal Reserve might overrespond, and so the monetary policy function of the Federal Reserve is designed to ensure against overresponsiveness, or the creation of too much money, which would cause inflation of prices in dollar terms.

Vocabulary

compared with ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ-ɥɢɛɨ

condition n 1. ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 2. ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɪɟɠɢɦ 3. ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ 4. ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

create v ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ

design v 1. ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ 2. ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ elastic currency – ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ fixed commodity – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ

monetary adj ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ, ɦɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɣ 2. ɜɚɥɸɬɧɵɣ

respond v 1. ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ 2. ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ

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responsive adj ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɵɣ

stock n 1. ɡɚɩɚɫ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜ, ɮɨɧɞ 2. ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ, ɚɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ 3. ɚɤɰɢɹ 4. ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɨɛɥɢɝɚɰɢɢ 5. ɩɚɣ, ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɮɨɧɞ 6. ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɪɦɵ

Ex. 7. Make question on the text above.

Ex.8. Decision-making is one of the most important managerial functions. It is a reasoning or emotional process which can be rational or irrational. It can be based either on facts and logical reasoning or on pure intuition. Intuition comes into play when there isn't enough evidence or it isn't at hand. Do you have a knack for making decisions?

Do the questionnaire to weigh up the role of logic and intuition in making decisions and assess your own logical and intuitive skills?

I.Logic

Are you a logical person?

1.Do you always try to see logic or reason behind other people's arguments?

2.What are the main types of logic? Is logic a scientific (philosophical) phenomenon? Is there a place for business or commercial logic?

3.Is logical always sensible?

4.Are all people capable of logical thinking? Are people's conclusions always

right?

II.Intuition

62 % of CEOs rate gut feelings as being highly influential in their business decisions. Answer these questions and decide whether you are an intuitive person?

1.What is emotional intelligence? Do you have an ability to perceive and manage emotions and make the right decisions quickly even without all the facts?

2.Do you know any famous scientific intuitives such as Einstein and Edison or business intuitives such as Trump and Oprah?

3.Do you possess any exceptional intuitive powers?

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4.Do you sometimes have good or bad vibes about forthcoming events? Are they always right? Give examples.

5.In what spheres of business do you think a hunch that something is true though you don't have a shred of evidence to prove it is the most useful?

6.'To give somebody the benefit of the doubt' means 'to accept that somebody has told the truth or has not done something wrong because you

cannot prove that they have not'. Do you think this intuitive feeling can be used in business?

III. Forecasting

Every decision is based on some kind of forecast about the future. The more accurate the forecast (or the smaller error), the better would be the decision. Decide whether you are a good forecaster.

1.2000 years ago the Greek philosopher Heraclitus said "Everything is in a state of flux". Modern people discover the veracity of this axiom every day. Business firms, too, are subject to this inexorable iron law of change. Do you forecast the changes and adapt to them?

2.Do you usually consider any possible future occurrences that might upset existing conditions? Do you do it mechanically?

3.Do you turn all the information into predictions?

4.Do you manage uncertainty by using effective forecasting?

5.Do you recognize the possible problems and try to overcome them?

6.Do you do these things to build a sound forecast?

-collect information

-aggregate all the collected information

-concentrate on the key figures to make the analysis

7.Do you read the Journal of Business Forecasting?

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Telephoning: Let’s fix another date Telephone vocabulary

MAKING APPOINTMENTS Person calling/Person called

I'll just check my appointment book. When would be convenient for you?

Sorry, I've got something scheduled then. Could we arrange something else? Could you send me confirmation of the appointment?

Shall we say Wednesday at 3 o'clock?

Would it be possible to postpone our meeting?

Things are going smoothly, so we can meet as arranged.

CHANGING APPOINTMENTS

Person calling/Person called

Could you manage to fix another appointment?

How about the 4th? Are you free then?

So sorry I missed you when you wanted to visit me. I was away all week and only got your message too late.

I'm phoning you because I don't think I'll be able to come after all.

Ex.9. Role play. Work with another student when you do this exercise. Student ȼ has information on this.

Bl You are Derek Hodgson, British Telecom's Euronet manager. You are very interested in the data communications equipment manufactured by the company the person who calls you represents. You would very much like to meet the caller. Try to arrange a meeting. Here is the relevant page from your appointment diary. Let's fix another date then. Would it suit you if we met at the club on Friday afternoon?

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B2 You are Professor Patricia Malcolm, a specialist in market research techniques. You have given keynote speeches before, normally for a fee of about £350 plus travel expenses.

LESSON 6

Ex. 1.

Imagine what would happen if animals and birds were able to speak as human being? Explain your answer.

Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.

1.Why is some ice cloudy and other clear?

2.What are the best conditions for preserving ice during hot weather?

3.Why does one piece of ice cream seem colder than another?

4.What shape of ice freezes fastest? Slowest?

5.What shape of ice thaws fastest? Slowest?

6.How can ice be used as a source of power?

7.Why must we use water? It's so messy.

8.Can ice be made in a vacuum?

9.Why does very cold ice stick to your hand?

10.Can ice be super-cooled? 11.Does it give off energy?

12.Will ice become warmer or colder without melting? 13.What would happen if ice didn't float?

14.How could it be used for clothing? 15.Can ice be used as dynamite? 16.What would our lives be without ice? 17.Can creatures live in ice?

18.Could a ship be made of ice?

19.What uses can be made of polar ice formations? 20.How do we use ice in mechanical ways? 21.What if all the polar ice melted?

22.How many ways could colored ice be used?

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Ex. 3. Answer the following questions.

1.You are a member of a U.N. conference to decide limits of territorial waters. What factors would you want to consider? What difference would it make if the limits are 3, 30, or 3000 miles?

2.If you were made principal of your school, what changes would you make?

3.If you were a fish, how would you eat, sleep, travel, and communicate?

Ex. 4. Find, as much as you can, definition for the following words. Explain your decision.

For example: book – beautiful book.

1.Production

2.Cooperation

3.Industrialized

4.Government

5.Achievement

6.Development

7.Supply

8.Supplier

Ex. 5. Give the answers interpreting the following words.

Example: fast, green, full – train.

Ex. 6. Make your own sentences based from four words, in which every word begins with the following letters:

Example: N…B…W…T... – Nice boy watched TV.

1). T…I…D…T…S…

2). S…A…D…

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3). I…T…D…T…S…?

4). W…T…D…T…S…?

5). I…W…D…F…M…

6). I…W…E…F…M…

Ex. 7. Pay attention to the picture below. Explain what you see in it. What information do you need to understand what you see in this picture?

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

Ex. 8. Retell the text.

Defense

Defense against competitors is one of the most important areas of strategic marketing. For example, for every new product or service launched there are a number of existing ones that need to defend their customer base. One of the early attempts to articulate how managers should respond to a competitor was captured in the decision-making model called Defender. The question addressed by this

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model was: 'When faced with the entry of a new competitor in a mature market, how should adapt its marketing mix in order to maximize its profits?' Subsequent research has shown that the prescriptions of this model were quite generalizable.

Vocabulary

adapt v ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ attempt n ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ

base n ɨɫɧɨɜɚ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɛɚɡɢɫ, ɛɚɡɚ capture n ɡɚɯɜɚɬ

competitor n ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬ

customer n ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ, ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤ, ɤɥɢɟɧɬ defend v ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ

exist v ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ

launch v 1. ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ (ɧɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ) 2. ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ (ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɬɨɜɚɪ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ)

maximize v ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ

prescription n 1. ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 2. ɩɪɚɜɨ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ strategic adj ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ

subsequent adj ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ

Ex. 9. Make question on the text above.

Ex.10. Role play. A& J Gabor is a small but independent family business established in London. It represents some of Hungary's biggest independent growers, and can supply large or small orders mixed to suit the needs of retail shops or restaurant cellars.

You are Aniko Gabor, one of the owners of A&J Gabor. Your business starts to crumble around you. The reason for this is the explosion at a 154 chemical plant in Hungary, which led to the contamination of vineyards. Since then you have had to withdraw the

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contaminated stocks of wine from the shops, because the European Agriculture Commission in Brussels had found traces of benzene, a cancer agent, in the last vintage of certain wines. You tried to defend your business on Radio Birmingham but in vein. Many business partners cancelled their orders from you. Your cousin Jozsef, the coowner, does not want to lose his stake in the business and advises you to close down and put the business into receivership. You can't watch all your hard work ruined and seek advice from an old family friend Freddie Kovacs.

Use your target vocabulary and these communication strategies:

—try to explain things

—ask about his further intentions

—ask for instructions

—say about your past habits

—apologize

Ex. 11. Role play. You are Freddie Kovacs. You have made some notes to discuss the best course of action for Aniko Gabor to stay afloat. The notes contain the following choices:

wind up the business, keep losses to the minimum and aim to

start another business

hold out. Many competitors will pull out and she will have a bigger slice of the market if she survives (there is a risk of possible bankruptcy)

buy out some of Jozsef s 50% stake to take full control of the business which will give her freedom of action

borrow £ 100 Ʉ just to survive

cut all costs: cut back on staff, sell the Mercedes, let the office or

the flat

be honest with the press. Keep them informed.

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