Учебное пособие по английскому языку с упражнениями по развитию креативного мышления. Часть 2

Vocabulary

accelerate v ɭɫɤɨɪɹɬɶ, ɪɚɡɝɨɧɹɬɶɫɹ agnostic n ɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ

attain v ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ

claim n 1. ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ 2. ɢɫɤ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚɰɢɹ 3. ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ v 1. ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶ 2. ɡɚɹɜɥɹɬɶ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ

discipline n ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ

discretion n 1. ɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ 2. ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ implication n ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ

landscape n ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ

lead (to) v ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɱɟɦ-ɥ.

pattern n 1. ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ 2. ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ 3. ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ primary adj 1. ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɣ 2. ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ 3. ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɣ, ɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ

retain v 1. ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ 2. ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ sentiment n ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ

shape n ɜɢɞ, ɮɨɪɦɚ solution n ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ

statement n 1. ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ 2. ɨɬɱɟɬ 3. ɜɵɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɱɟɬɚ 4. ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ, ɫɦɟɬɚ, ɫɱɟɬ

Ex. 8. Make questions on the text above.

Ex. 9. Retell the text.

MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES

When the decision is taken to conduct business on an international or multinational level, new financial issues arise because the regulations to which a

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company must adhere often differ markedly from country to country. Usually, organisations comply with the new sets of rules they become exposed to by trading internationally and bear the extra cost associated with this requirement in their business profitability. However, it is widely accepted that some enterprises take advantage of the loopholes in regulatory systems that can develop from trading on an international scale. One very notable characteristic of multinational corporations is that more than one set of taxation rules may need to be abided by. One particular policy problem associated chiefly with such enterprises is the taxation attributes of transfer pricing but even simple source vs. residency conflicts can significantly increase the costs of complying with tax regulations imposed on companies by the countries in which they are trading.

The structures of many international businesses were becoming increasingly complex by the start of the 1930's. By positioning subsidiaries around the globe, they were able to limit the amount of tax that the enterprise as a whole would have to pay.

The financial issues for international trade are well recognized by both tax authorities and also by companies themselves. In both cases there is a need however, for careful planning and appropriate communication to ensure that such issues do not hinder the free development of business in ways that would be detrimental to global business advancement.

Vocabulary

abide v ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ

adhere v ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɝɨ-ɥ., ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ advancement n 1. ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ, ɭɫɩɟɯ 2. ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ attributes n ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ

appropriate v 1. ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ, ɚɫɫɢɝɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ 2. ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ detrimental adj ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ, ɜɪɟɞɧɵɣ

differ v ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ

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expose v 1. ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 2. ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ loophole n ɥɚɡɟɣɤɚ, ɭɥɨɜɤɚ multinational adj ɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ notable adj ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ

recognize v ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ

scale n 1. ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ 2. ɪɚɡɦɟɪ, ɨɯɜɚɬ, ɪɚɡɦɚɯ 3. ɲɤɚɥɚ 4. ɜɟɫɵ

set n 1. ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ, ɧɚɛɨɪ, ɩɚɪɬɢɹ 2. ɫɟɪɢɹ, ɪɹɞ 3. ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ v 1. ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ, ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶ, ɤɥɚɫɬɶ 2. ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ, ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ

Ex. 10. Make report about the text above.

Ex. 11. Discuss the text above.

Ex. 12. Read and translate the dialogue. Explain in English what this dialogue is about. Make your own dialogue, paying attention to the dialogue below.

Dialogue

Banking Institutions

Student: What type of bank is this?

Banker: We're a commercial bank.

Student: Does that mean that your services are limited?

Banker: To some extent. For instance, we can't offer the fiduciary services that a trust company can.

Student: What are they?

Banker: Well, they have to do with the administration of trusts and estates.

Student: Suppose I wanted to buy or sell some securities. Does your bank handle such transactions?

Banker: Yes, through our brokerage house.

Student: Is your broker a member of the stock exchange?

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Banker: Yes.

Student: This is a state bank, isn't it?

Banker: That's right.

LESSON 14

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions.

1.What does “to predict” mean?

2.What does “intensification” mean?

3.What are the following representatives of these professions doing? a) Philatelist

b) Ornithologist c) Ichthyologist d) Linguist

4.What is the difference between plutocracy and theocracy?

5.What does proverb: “Pride goes before a fall” mean?

6.What does “exceptions prove the rule” mean?

Ex. 2. Imagine you are at debate “What is right and what is wrong”. Tell what you consider to be right and to be wrong in behavior of people. Explain, what you like in behavior of people and what you don’t like.

Ex. 3. Find, as much as you can, definition for the following words. Explain your decision.

For example: book – beautiful book.

1.Interest rate

2.Monetary policy

3.Income

4.To cope (with)

5.Foreign trade

6.To participate

7.Innovation

8.Customer

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Ex. 4. Give the answers interpreting following words.

Example: fast, green, full – train.

Ex. 5. Make your own sentences based from four words, in which every word begins with the following letters:

Example: N…B…W…T... – Nice boy watched TV.

1.E…F…F…

2.T…F…H…

3.L…D…C…

4.E…U…C…

5.E…O…G…A…S…

6.D…F…L…W…

Ex. 6. Explain what you see in the picture.

Ex. 7. Retell the text.

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Negotiation framework

Wise sellers will have established their costs and set a minimum price below which they will not go, although that price may well be determined by circumstances such as long-term aspirations, contractual risk, contingency amounts and existing relationship if any. Buyers for their part will have taken account of their own cost structures and other factors like how badly they need the product and services. Neither knows exactly what is in the other's mind. Hence the saying that the range within which the parties will settle is 'the buyer's estimate of the seller's minimum and the seller's estimate of the buyer's maximum', that is, where these estimates overlap. Cultural differences have been observed. A Swede or Israeli, coming from consensual cultures, will expect the offer to be close to the final price. Brazilians, with a history of social conflict, have shown a tendency to inflate prices reflected in their readiness to make concessions on price. The dilemma confronting sellers is to pitch the offer at a level that takes these factors into account but does not shut out the business. The nub of the negotiation process is the information the parties can extract from each other and use for mutual influence which can change the parties' perceptions of what the other will pay or receive and is the strategic function of the face-to-face situation.

Vocabulary

aspiration n ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ

circumstances n pl. ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

contingency n 1. ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɧɟɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ 2. pl. ɧɟɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ

estimate v 1. ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ 2. ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɦɟɬɭ

inflate v 1. ɜɡɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɬɶ, ɜɡɞɭɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɧɵ 2. ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɸ

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negotiation n pl. 1. ɩɟɪɟɝɨɜɨɪɵ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ 2. ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ, ɩɟɪɟɭɫɬɭɩɤɚ

overlap n ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ, ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ perception n ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ

wise adj ɦɭɞɪɵɣ

Ex. 8. Make questions on the text above.

Ex.9. Retell the text.

Interaction and negotiation

Buyer perceptions of value relate to items like product quality, delivery and service support. Sometimes buyers find it difficult to know how the seller might lower costs or improve performance to meet their needs. The longer a relationship lasts, the more the interacting parties know about each other. Interactions are coloured by what has gone before. If an earlier episode was considered unsatisfactory, then the atmosphere will not be so favourable for an outcome satisfactory to both parties. If the relationship is good, then a solution is likely to be found through mutually established processes. The International Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) Group examined the interaction across national boundaries between buyers and sellers in five different countries. It found that the concept of target market and marketing mix, which assumes a pliant buyer exposed to various stimuli that will elicit the desired response, is not the focus in international business. The buyer is likely to have as much influence on outcomes as the seller.

With the move from international organizations through multinational and global organizations to transnational organizations, there is a manifold increase in the number of interactions across borders, compounded by the growth of foreign acquisitions, mergers and alliances. The perspective is

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very much one in which the development of relationships with other organizations is a necessary condition for the harnessing of resources across organizations. Networks emerge. These are value-adding systems within which suppliers, business partners, allies and customers work together to co-produce value. Their underlying role is to create an ever-improving fit between competencies and customers. Negotiation is a key activity in making these arrangements work.

Vocabulary

acquisition n 1. ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ 2. ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ (ɮɢɪɦɵ) 3. ɫɛɨɪ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ alliance n ɫɨɸɡ, ɚɥɶɹɧɫ

arrangement n 1. ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ 2. ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ 3. pl. ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ compound n 1. ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ 2. ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ 3. ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ

elicit v ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ

emerge v ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ improve v ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ

interact v ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ manifold n ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ

merger n ɫɥɢɹɧɢɟ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ (ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ) network n ɫɟɬɶ

outcome n ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ perspective n ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ

pliant adj ɝɢɛɤɢɣ stimuli n pl. ɫɬɢɦɭɥɵ supplier n ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤ

value-adding – ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ

Ex. 10. Make report about the text above.

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Ex. 11. Discuss the text above.

Ex. 12. Read and translate the dialogue. Explain in English what this dialogue is about. Make your own dialogue, paying attention to the dialogue below.

Dialogue

Trust Services

Banker: Mrs. Powers, I was very sorry to hear of your husband's death.

Client: Thank you. I'm pleased that the bank was named executor of the estate.

Banker: We'll help you in every way we can. We've looked through the contents of the safe-deposit box and made an inventory. Everything seems to be in good order.

Client: I'm most concerned about my immediate living expenses.

Banker: Well, we're empowered under the terms of the will to provide you with an allowance until the estate has been probated.

Client: Oh, that's fine.

Banker: And there are three life insurance policies. You're the beneficiary in each of them.

Client: Yes, I knew about those.

Banker: The benefits from these policies will be paid directly to you within the next two weeks.

Client: Excellent.

Banker: The income from your inheritance is going to be quite sizable. Of course, we don't know yet what demands will be made against the estate.

Client: As far as I know, there are no large creditors.

Banker: We hope not. You understand, also, that this bank is named trustee under the will. This means that we will take care of the portfolio of securities and give an annual report of all transactions.

Client: Yes, I understand that. Thank you for your counseling.

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LESSON 15

Ex. 1. Answer the following questions.

1. Who wrote:

a)Communist manifest?

b)Anna Karenina?

c)Granate bracelet?

d)Crime and punishment?

2.What do the following phrases mean? a) Happy end.

b) Fifty-fifty. c) Know how.

3.What does “intensive” mean?

4.Explain the proverb: “Enough is enough”.

5.Explain the proverb: “The end justifies the means”.

6.Explain the proverb: “The game isn’t worth the candle”.

Ex. 2. Imagine you have just watched on TV Soviet song concert and now you share your impressions. What would be your impressions?

Ex. 3. Find, as much as you can, definition for the following words. Explain your decision.

For example: book – beautiful book.

1.Newly industrialized countries

2.Assets and liabilities

3.Accounting

4.Trademark

5.Goodwill

6.Employee

7.Stockholder

8.Copyright

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