Ex. 8. Open the brackets using the verbs in the appropriate tense and voice.
As soon as I (notice) that Maria (can) not pronounce her “s”, I (make) an appointment and (see) a doctor. He (tell) me that she (grow) out of it naturally. I (not believe) that and, consequently, I (get) in touch with my old school friend who (live) near us. She still (work) as a speech therapist in a local hospital and she (take) the matter seriously and (send) me back to my doctor. Although a month or so (elapse), Maria’s lisp (grow) appreciably worse and that (help) to convince the doctor. Maria (see) by the consultant two month ago and (have) treatment for three weeks already. In my opinion she (make) progress and I (be) confident that in a month or so she (cure).
EMPHATIC CONSTRUCTIONS
Ex. 1. Translate into English paying attention to sentences with the emphatic it.
1.Мы отправились именно в понедельник.
2.Был понедельник, когда я впервые встретил его.
3.Именно Тома я встретил на вечере.
4.Он читал нам именно Пушкина.
5.Это случилось именно утром 1 января.
6.Был полдень, когда группа прибыла в город.
7.Именно эту книгу ты хочешь купить?
8.Только когда я услышал слова “my dear”, я понял, на каком языке он говорит.
9.Именно я виноват в том, что произошло.
10.Именно мы купили эту картину.
11.Именно с Анной мы ездили в Лондон.
12.Именно чтением вслух он улучшил свое произношение.
13.Он нашел именно кольцо.
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INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLE, GERUND
Ex. 1. Open the brackets putting the Gerund and the Participle in the appropriate form.
1.(to read) the telegram twice, he understood that the matter needed immediate attention.
2.When (to fill in) a form, you must write your name and address clearly.
3.(to make) great progress by the end of the school year he was able to start (to read) books in the original.
4.“Don’t lose your things, little boy”, said a man (to pick up) the gloves (to drop) by the boy.
5.(to be) fond of music, my brother never misses the opportunity (to go) to a good concert.
6.(to walk) about the town for some time, he went up to a man and asked to be directed to the main square.
7.I thought I had lost my bag and was therefore grateful to the man who (to bring) it back to me.
8.I had never realized what a talented writer he was until I saw his play (to stage) in a Moscow theatre.
9.The man (to make) the opening speech at the exhibition is a well-known painter.
Ex. 2. Open the brackets putting the Gerund or the Infinitive in the appropriate form.
1.Remember (go) to the bank. You’ve got to pay the bills.
2.I don’t remember (see) this film before.
3.After he had written his first book, he went on (write) four more.
4.She went on (talk) even after her friend had fallen asleep.
5.I regret (argue) with my sister. I should apologise.
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6.I regret (tell) you that you have failed your exam.
7.He hopes (build) a boat and travel round the world.
8.Doing well on this course means (study) very hard.
9.I’ve been trying (start) this car for hours.
10.Why don’t you try (put) some petrol in the tank?
11.I’m afraid of (go) out alone at night.
12.He’s afraid (walk) home alone at night.
13.She forgot (invite) one of her best friends to the party.
14.I’ll never forget (travel) by plane for the first time.
15.On the way home he stopped (buy) some chocolate.
16.He stopped (study) and turned on the TV.
17.These windows are dirty. They need (wash).
18.I want (speak) to Sally, please.
19.She’s really sorry for (shout) at you yesterday.
20.I’m sorry (hear) you’ve been ill again.
FUNCTION OF ONE
Ex. 1. Translate the sentences paying attention to one.
1.In the degree to which all independent variables are identified and the irrelevant ones controlled, few studies equal the one by Howland.
2.This problem is fundamentally a mathematical one.
3.One is never old to learn.
4.In most experimental work a major requirement is to keep conditions constant except for one factor, which is systematically varied.
5.This point of view differs from the one developed in this paper.
6.In a new job we forget many details of the old one.
7.The only very large differences were the ones indicating that the control group learned the poetry and the prose more quickly than the experimental group.
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8.The method permits one to obtain such records quite rapidly.
9.To get good results one must work hard.
10.The largest countries are not so specialized as the smaller ones.
11.Looking at the problem from another point of view one can say that intelligence is very important for a person’s adjustment.
12.He talks to one as a boss.
Ex. 2. Work out questions to which the following sentences might be answers.
1.It is advisable to book accommodation before hand, not on the day of one’s arrival.
2.One can book accommodation by letter, telephone or cable.
3.One can take a single room, a double room or a suit.
4.One can see various stands about the place: a newsstand, a bookstand and others.
5.One enters in the register the following information about oneself: one’s surname, Christian name, nationality and permanent address.
6.Oh, it is very simple. The only thing one has to do is to ring for the maid and she will see to it.
Ex. 3. Fill in each of the gaps with one or one’s.
1.Through cultivation and practice of good virtues, _______ can be the master of their own destiny.
2.The four virtues _______ needs in order to be safe and happy in life are intelligence, friendship, strength, and poetry.
3.It is difficult to define happiness and contentment; essentially, _______
happiness is in _______ own hands.
4.Wealth makes _______ happy to a certain extent, and when _______ is in love there is happiness and contentment within them before other things take over.
5.Happiness also is all about _______ attitude towards life, and how best we are able to handle it.
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6._______ feels the most happy when there is something to look forward to in life and there is a general feeling of contentment.
7.There are simple things giving us great joy, like watching a lovely sunset or listening to melodious music or watching _______ children grow up.
8.So as Martin Luther King put it, ‘the quality, not the longevity of
_______ life is what is important.’
Ex. 4. Translate the text into Russian and explain the different grammatical functions and meanings of the word one.
Someone with a twinkle in his eye once said, “There are two kinds of people in the world: those who always divide the people of the world into two kinds, and those who do not”.
We live in a world of great diversity. For example, people do not come in two varieties: either good-looking or ugly. If we line up a large group of people and arrange them according to degrees of homeliness and comeliness, we will have at one end of the line those who “look terribly ugly”. Next to them will be those who are “just plain ugly”. Then the ones whom we call “unattractive”. Then “so-so”, then pretty, then “wow”!
We cannot just fold humanity down the middle like a sheet of paper and have all the handsome ones on one side and those we call “ugly” on the other. Even those we call “ugly’ are not without traces of beauty, and vice versa.
Actor Wallace Beery said, “Most screen characters are either very good or very bad, a fact that often disturbs an actor as much as it does an intelligent observer. For no man is completely made from one piece of cloth, all good or all bad, all cruel or all tender. Instead, each person is a mixture of many things.”
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APPENDIX II
TEST YOURSELF
I. Сравните два предложения.
1.The influence of temperature changes the properties of materials.
2.Temperature changes influence the properties of materials.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1.На что указывает артикль перед словами influence, properties? Какими частями речи они являются в первом предложении.
2.Какое место в английском предложении занимают подлежащее
ипрямое дополнение / беспредложное существительное / по отношению к сказуемому?
3.Какое слово является сказуемым? Какой частью речи оно выражено
икак переводится?
4.Каким падежом переводятся существительные с предлогом и какими членами предложения они являются? Переведите первое предложение. Найдите сказуемое во втором предложении. Укажите слово, с которым оно согласуется.
5.Какое из двух существительных, стоящих в начале второго предложения, является определением? Переведите второе предложение.
II. Определите, какой частью речи и членом предложения являются подчеркнутые слова.
1.Aluminum alloys with other metals.
2.Aluminum alloys are better than pure metals.
3.Liquid fuels are largely used in industry and transport.
4.Water is a colorless liquid without taste and smell.
5.Sand has no forms in its natural state.
6.Metals form all forms of matter.
7.Weight is the property of all forms of matter.
8.Rust never forms in gold.
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9.Rust formed in iron is different from metallic iron.
10.An iron thing will rust in the open air.
11.Rust destroys iron, but wood does not rust.
12.An iron is a thing used to iron clothes.
III. Переведите с помощью словаря:
1.Water plant, salt crystal, ice field, food products, water composition, salt lake, ice density, food preservation, steam turbine, wind velocity, steam pressure.
2.Flower garden, glass bottle, home rest, speed control, oil export, wire
metal.
IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания.
A
a)Watch pocket, pocket watch, temperature limit, limit temperature;
b)Radio wave, radio wave speed, radio wave speed measurement;
c)School system, university education, sound waves, light waves, machine translation, city institutions, city establishments, high school pupils, higher school students, state supported public school, a six-month study, large scale study, Moscow University physicists, entrance exams.
B
a)Minimum amount, machine language, labour saving, control systems, laboratory research, precision devices, power supply, space exploration, space research, semiconductor devices;
b)Remote control methods, high-speed computations, prolonged space flights, manned flights, automatic control systems, special purpose vehicles, high-frequency signals;
c)Long-distance space communication centre, long-range non-stop flights, small-dimensioned electronic devices, long-term orbital station, long-distance transmission lines;
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d)Device reliability, device reliability test, device reliability test data;
e)radio wave, radio wave speed, radio wave speed measurement;
f)semiconductor device, semiconductor device application development explanation;
g)laser beam, laser beam wave, laser beam wave stability, laser beam wave stability problem.
V. Замените инфинитив личной формой глагола.
1.The English teacher always (to provide) us with new programs.
2.He (to went) to know about the work of tape-recorders.
3.We (to want) to improve our pronunciation, and that’s why we usually (to work) in the language laboratory every day.
4.What you (to do)? We (to listen) to the taped lesson through earphones.
5.This radio station (to send) signals twelve hours a day.
6.In summer it (to rain) very hard in this place.
7.Ann (to write) some notes in her note-book now.
8.Jack never (to go) to the lab on Mondays, but not he (to go) there.
9.He (to study) English in this lab.
VI. Откройте скобки, заменив инфинитив на Past Indefinite или
Present Perfect.
1.(to be) you ever to St. Petersburg?
2.When (to be) you there last time? – I (to be) there on the 1st of May.
3.I (to read) anything by Tolstoy?
4.What book by Tolstoy (to read) you lately? – Last month I (to finish) to reread “War and Peace”.
5.How much time (to pass) since you (to enter) the University? – Two years (to pass) since that time.
6.The students (not to translate) any articles from special books, but last week they (to translate) some articles from an English newspaper.
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VII. Переведите предложения.
1.The workers are going to the railway station to meet a delegation.
2.The workers have come to the railway station to meet a delegation.
3.This research institute has been developing a new type of equipment for two years. It has completed the design of the machine this month.
4.The plant has been producing steel since 1945. It has produced much steel this week.
5.The output of this factory in continuously growing. It has reached a very high level.
6.The scientists have already been making these experiments for two months.
VIII. Переведите предложения, определите время и залог глаго-
лов.
1.The teacher has asked a number of questions about the history of our capital. As to me I have been asked two questions.
2.The lab assistant was teaching students how to use taped programs for ten minutes.
3.This bridge had been constructed before we came to Moscow.
4.The engineers of our research institute have done all preparations for their trip to England.
5.The preparations have been done very carefully.
6.I hope that you will find the missing book.
7.I am sure that it will have been found by the beginning of the experi-
ment.
IX. Сравните перевод предложений в страдательном и действительном залогах.
1.My brother has broken my pen.
2.My pen has been broken by my brother.
3.Somebody has put the books on the table.
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4.The books have been put on the table.
5.We didnʼt know that you made a report.
6.We didnʼt know that a report had been made by you.
7.The engineers will have examined the motor before the director comes.
8.The students had translated the article orally by the fixed time, but the written translation had not been done.
X. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. The students had made many mistakes before they learnt English gram-
mar.
2.Nobody answered this question properly.
3.The monitor will have brought the dictionaries before the lessons begin.
4.The scientists of our Institute have invited Professor N. to take part inthe discussion.
5.The workers had built this new house by the New Year.
6.The Government has approved the general plan for the development of Moscow.
XI. Преобразуйте предложения, используя отрицательную форму глагола в страдательном залоге.
Pattern: She has answered your question. (my question) But my question has not been answered.
1.We have bought the English textbook. (the English grammar book)
2.The students had locked the door of the class-room before they left it. (the windows)
3.The operator had repaired all the earphones by the beginning of the new term. (the tape-recorders)
4.She has sent the telegram. (the 1etters)
5.He will have done the greater part of the work by next month. (the whole work)
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XII. Переведите предложения.
1.Thomsonʼs discovery of the electron was followed by new exciting discoveries.
2.The lecturer will be given thirty minutes.
3.The conference was attended by famous scientists.
4.This foreign language lab was visited by a group of tourists.
5.We have been shown the tiniest motor ever made which can be put on the palm of a hand.
6.The results of the experiment were affected by the presence of high volt-
age.
7.A number of different problems are solved at our research Institute.
8.This problem was solved last month.
9.These problems were solved last year.
10.This problem will be solved next year.
11.These problems were solved by computers much faster than by human calculators.
12.Time will be saved if one uses a computer.
13.The proton was discovered by Rutherford.
14.Many discoveries were made by Soviet scientists.
15.As far back as 1939 the Moscow television center was put into opera-
tion.
16.Mechanical calculators were designed by Pascal and Leibnitz in the seventeenth century.
17.The equipment was constructed at a new plant.
18.The equipment was sent for.
19.This young scientist may be relied upon.
20.The outstanding scientist was addressed by a group of students.
21.This force was acted upon.
22.Peace is being fought for by progressive people all over the World.
23.This problem will be dealt with in our new experiment.
24.The plan has been approved of.
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25.Mendeleyevʼs periodic table was referred to by the reporter.
26.The article is much spoken about.
XIII. Выберите правильную форму глагола, переведите.
1.I am sure you (will invite, wi1l be invited) to a concert at the studentʼs
club.
2.She says she (has invited, has been invited) to give a few concerts in London.
3.They say he (will invite, will be invited) to England next month.
4.Smith (of the invites, is often invited) to deliver 1ectures on English his-
tory.
5.They (have invited, have been invited) us to attend a lecture on Shake-
speare.
6.Two more concerts of this kind (will give, will be given) at the Tchaikovsky Hall next month.
7.A group of French students (will visit, will be visited) our Institute next
Friday.
8.Their laboratory (has just visited, has just been visited) by a group of American engineers.
9.Our school (often visits, is often visited) by teachers from foreign coun-
tries.
XIV. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных.
1. That house is high. 2. Our house is higher than that house. 3. Your house is the highest. 4. Lesson 5 is easy. 5. Lesson 4 is easier than lesson 5. 6. Lesson 2 is the easiest. 7. Lesson 3 is much easier than lesson four. 8. This article is interesting. 9 That article is more interesting than this one. 10. The article written by this scientist is the most interesting. 11. Exercise 5 is less difficult than exercise 7. 12. Exercise 2 is the least difficult. 13. A small car is less expensive than
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a big one. 14. A big car is much more expensive than a small one. 15. This village is as large as that one. 16. Novgorod is not so large as Moscow.
XV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союз the…the.
1. The longer I look at the picture the more I like it. 2. The more you read English books, the sooner youʼll master English. 3. The higher the temperature of a body, the faster it will burn.
XVI. Перепишите, подчеркните слова или суффиксы, с помощью которых образованы прилагательные в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
Do you know that
1.…the wettest place on Earth is in India?
2.…the micro is the most miniature radio receiver?
3.…there exists the worldʼs tiniest jet engine half an inch long and not much bigger than an ant?
4.…one of the worldʼs most wonderful clocks stands in the Town Hall of Copenhagen, Denmark?
5.…the greatest rainfall ever recorded – 88 inches – fell in the Philippines in 1911?
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APPENDIX III
GRAMMAR SIMPLE SENTENCE (ПРОСТОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ)
Для простого предложения в английском языке характерен определенный порядок размещения членов предложения: подлежащее – сказуемое – второстепенные члены. Подлежащее, сказуемое и дополнение обычно следуют один за другим и образуют «основу» предложения (твердый порядок слов). Обстоятельства, как правило, стоят до и после «основы». Определения находятся рядом с соответствующим существительным в любом месте предложения.
|
|
обстоятельства |
|
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
подлежащее |
сказуемое |
дополнения |
|
определения
Схема порядка слов простого предложения
1 |
2 |
3 |
1. Scientists make experiments.
1 |
2 |
3 |
2. This year the scientists of our institute often make various experiments.
1 |
2 |
3 |
3. Now the scientists of our research institute often make various experiments on investigation of outer space.
Независимо от второстепенных членов предложения «основа» остается прежней: расположение подлежащего, сказуемого и дополнения не изменяется по отношению друг к другу.
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