Reader with exercises (книга для чтения на английском языке с лексико-грамматическими упражнениями). Учебное пособие

VII. Какая из приведенных ниже фраз является ответом на следующий вопрос?

What are small businesses responsible for?

1)helping the less well-off regions

2)one-sixth of total turnover

3)encouraging competition

4)working for trade liberalization

5)regulating monopolies

VIII. Какое из приведенных ниже предложений не соответствует содержанию текста?

1.Britain is considered an attractive location for inward investment, because of its membership in the EC.

2.The only objective of the Department of Trade and Industry is reducing administrative burdens on business.

3.The Government regulates monopolies, mergers, anticompetitive practices, restrictive trade practices.

4.Central Government raises money from individuals and companies through direct and indirect taxation.

5.Foreign-owned firms are offered the same incentives by the Government as British-owned ones.

IX. Соотнесите части следующих предложений:

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X. Какие из приведенных ниже утверждений неверны?

1.Central government spends money on goods and services, such as health and defence, and as payment to people, for instance, social security.

2.Britain is considered an attractive location only for British-owned firms.

3.While preferring to let markets operate as freely as possible, the Government recognizes that intervention is sometimes needed.

4.The main sources of revenue are only personal income tax and inheritance tax.

5.The Government provides financial assistance and guidance to help with problems affecting small companies.

ECONOMY AND INDUSTRY IN UK

Britain’s economy is based primarily on private enterprise, which accounts for 75 per cent of output and nearly 70 per cent of employment.

Just over 2 per cent of the British workforce is engaged in agriculture, a lower proportion than in any other leading industrialised country. Services contribute a growing proportion of production, 65 per cent, while manufacturing accounts for 21 per cent. By successfully exploiting oil and natural gas from the North Sea, Britain has become self-sufficient in energy and experts to remain so for some years. Exports, mainly to other EC countries, are equivalent to over half of domestic oil production.

International plays a vital role in Britain’s economy. Exports of goods and services make up around 25 per cent of national output, compared with 20 per cent in the early 1960s.

Economic performance

From 1981 to 1989 the economy experienced eight years of sustained growth. In 1990, with the onset of recession in Britain and other major industrialized nations, growth slowed to about 1 per cent. In 1991 output fell by nearly 2.5 per cent and by 1 per cent in 1992. The rate of inflation declined sharply in the early 1980s before

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rising again in 1988. By December 1992, it had dropped to 2.6 per cent.

The number of people in employment increased by 3.3 million in the seven years to mid-1990. It has subsequently declined, to 2.5 million. From 1979 to 1990 self employment rose every year, but in 1991 and 1992 it fell reaching 3 million by September 1992. There has been a growth in unemployment since early 1990. By late 1992 it had climbed to 2.9 million, about 10 per cent of the workforce.

Growth in manufacturing productivity in Britain in th 1980s was faster than in all other leading industrialized countries, increasing by an average of 4.7 per cent a year. Productivity in the economy as a whole rose only slowly in 1991 and 1992.

Economic strategy

The Government’s economic strategy is centered on keeping the rate of inflation down, within a range of 1 to 4 per cent. As part of this strategy, public spending and borrowing are tightly controlled. At the same time government policy seeks to improve the working of markets and promote enterprise and efficiency.

A substantial amount of activity has been transferred from the public to the private sector through privatization and contracting out. Since 1979, 46 major businesses have been privatized, including British Gas, British Telecom and British Steel. Legislation is being introduced for the privatization of British Coal and to enable the private sector to operate rail services. the remaining major nationalized industries are British coal, British Rail, the Post Office and London Transport. These are expected to act as commercial enterprises and achieve a required rate of return on new investment.

Direct controls on pay, prices, foreign exchange. dividend payments and commercial credit have been abolished. The Government has acted to improve work incentives by reducing corporate and personal income tax rates, and by increasing share ownership among employees. Industrial relations have been put on a more secure legal footing and training opportunities have been expanded.

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Test to the text «Economy and industry in UK »

I. Соотнесите словосочетания с их объяснением.

1) enterprise which belongs to an individual or to a group of people a) state enterprise b) private enterprise

2)sustained growth

a)growth that stopped in development at all

b)the process of growth takes place but is very slow

3)income tax on individuals

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IV. Укажите, чем является форма с окончанием -ed.

1.Economic growth in Britain was faster than in all other leading industrialized countries.

a)P II в роли определения

b)глагол в Past Simple Active

2.The Government’s economic strategy is centered on keeping the rate of inflation down.

a)P II в составе Present Simple Passive

b)глагол в Past Simple Active

3.By December 1992 it had dropped to 2.6 per cent.

a)P II в роли определения

b)глагол в Past Simple Active

c)глагол в Past Perfect Active

4.They are expected to achieve a required rate of return on new investment.

a)P II в роли определения

b)глагол в Past Simple Active

5.A substantial amount of activity has been transferred from the public to private sector through privatization.

a)P II в роли определения

b)глагол в Present Perfect Passive

c)глагол в Present Perfect Continuous Active

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V. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол.

1. The number of people in employment… subsequently declined

2.Legislation… being introduced for the privatizat ion of British Coal in the parliament.

VI. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским.

1.The number of people in employment increased by 3.3 million. A. Количество людей, имеющих работу, увеличилось до

3,3 млн.

B. Цифра в 3,3 млн представляет общее число работающих

в стране.

2.By successfully exploiting oil and natural gas from the North Sea, Britain has become self-sufficient in energy.

A.Благодаря успешной добыче нефти и природного газа в Северном море Великобритания смогла полностью обеспечить себя энергией.

B.Успешная добыча нефти и природного газа сделали Великобританию экономически независимой в области энергетики.

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3.In 1990 economic growth slowed to about 1 per cent.

A.В 1990 году экономический рост снизился на 1 %.

B.В 1990 году падение уровня экономики составило 1 %.

4.At the same time government seeks to improve the working of markets.

A.В то же время правительство стремится улучшить положение работников рынков.

B.Параллельно правительство пытается стимулировать развитие рынков.

5.Since 1979, 46 major businesses have been privatized including British Gas and British Steel.

A.С 1979 года 46 крупных бизнесменов приватизировали британский газ и британскую сталь.

B.С 1979 года приватизировано 46 крупных предприятий, включая «Британский газ» и «Британскую сталь».

VII. Подберите ответ на приведенные ниже вопросы.

1. In what field is the majority of the British workforce engaged? a) agriculture b) manufacturing c) services

2. What makes Britain self-sufficient in energy?

a)direct controls on pay, prices, foreign exchange

b)reducing corporate and personal income taxes

c)privatization

d)exploiting oil and natural gas from the North Sea

3.What does British government do to keep the rate of inflation down?

a)direct controls on pay, prices and dividend payment

b)nationalization of 46 major businesses

c)direct controls on public spending and borrowing

4.What was economic situation in UK in the 1980s?

a)economy experienced sharp growth

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b)economy experienced sustained growth

c)it was the time of recession

5.Growth in manufacturing productivity in Britain in the 1980s was…, wasn’t it?

a)nearly the same as in other leading industrialized countries

b)faster than in other countries

c)slower than in other highly developed countries

VIII. Какое предложение не соответствует содержанию текста?

1.Exports of goods and services have dropped in recent years.

2.Government tries to keep the rate of the inflation down within the a range of 1 to 4 per cent.

3.Many businesses have been privatized in recent years in Great Britain.

4.British economy experienced slight growth in the 1980s.

5.Training opportunities have been expanded.

IX. Соотнесите части следующих предложений.

X. Какие из приведенных ниже утверждений неверны?

1.Agriculture contributes over 2 per cent of the British workforce.

2.Forty six major businesses have been nationalized since 1979.

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3.Only such industries as British Coal, British Rail and London transport remain in the state property.

4.Growth in manufacturing productivity in the United Kingdom was very fast in the 1980s.

5.Britain’s economy considerably depends on import of gas.

URBAN REGENERATION IN UK

Despite much progress in urban regeneration, areas of deprivation still exist. These relatively small areas can have a blighting effect on a city’s image. The Government is therefore continuing to tackle urban deprivation.

Programmes and measures to undertake or promote urban regeneration include the Urban Programme, Task Forces, City Grant, Urban Development Corporations, Enterprise Zones and Derelict Land Grant.

Under the Government’s City Challenge initiative, local authorities are invited to submit imaginative and innovative plans for regenerating key neighbourhoods by tackling the problems of physical decay, lack of opportunity receive a quality of life. The best of these proposals receive a commitment of government funding for up to five years. Programmes involving 11 authorities commenced in April 1992. The Government has set aside £82.5 million a year over a fiveyear period to assist these areas.

For more than a century Britain has been developing policies to conserve the natural and built heritage and protect the environment against pollution from industry and other sources. the environment White Paper This Common Inheritance, published in 1990, was the first comprehensive statement by the Government on environmental policy. Two further update reports have been published.

In June 1992 Britain participated fully in the «Earth Summit» in Rio de Janeiro and signed the conventions negotiated there to protect biological diversity and to guard against global climate change through the «greenhouse effect». The conference also adopted Agenda 21, a statement of principles designed to promote environmentally sustainable development, and a declaration on forestry.

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Britain supports international cooperation on environmental protection. Increasingly, much of Britain’s legislation on pollution control is being developed in collaboration with other European Community member states and organization such as the United Nations.

Legislation sets out a wide range of power and duties for central and local government, including controls over waste, air pollution, litter, noise, and water pollution. The National Rivers Authority is responsible for the control of water pollution in England and Wales. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Pollution helps to control emissions to land, air and water from harmful industrial processes. The Government plans to merge these two bodies into a single Environmental Agency. Similar controls apply in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

Britain supports measures that help improve the global environment. It stopped incinerating waste at sea after 1990, and dumping of sewage sludge in 1998. Along with its European partners, it has agreed major cuts in emissions from large combustion plants (such as coalfired power stations) of the main gases that lead to acid rain.

Test to the text «Urban regeneration in UK »

I. Соотнесите понятия с их объяснением.

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