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.pdfCONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CONTRACT FOR WORKS
OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
The Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction have been prepared for use where companies of international standing are invited to tender for Works of civil engineering construction.
Applying their knowledge of the conditions under which civil engineering contracts are carried out throughout the world two Swiss organizations have devised standard conditions which should be of great assistance in employing authorities and others responsible for carrying out development programmes.
The Conditions have as their objective a clear and logical sequence of clauses, the removal of ambiguities, the elimination as far as possible of speculative elements and a fair distribution of the risks that may occur for works of civil engineering construction.
Provision is made for all disputes being submitted by the decision of an independent arbitrator while the interests of the employer and the work are safeguarded by a provision that until completion of the work the engineer’s decision of any question shall be final and that there shall be no delay of the execution of the work on that account. The Arbitrator will however, have the right to decide whether the contractor is entitled for extra payment or not in respect to compliance of the Engineer’s decision.
During the preparation of the Conditions it was recognized that while there were numerous clauses which would be universally applicable there were some clauses which must necessary vary to take account of the circumstances and locality of the Works.
Test to the text «Conditions of international contract for works of civil engineering construction»
I. Вставьте в приведенные ниже предложения необходимые по смыслу слова.
1. Women, young people and part-time workers comprise an unusually large proportion of the… increases of recent y ears.
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2. |
Most government… are covered by some type of pen sion plan. |
3. |
Most contracts with… include retirement pension benefits. |
4.The… Compensation Programme is the basic program me of income support for… workers.
5.The government provides insured wage earners with a partial re-
placement of their wages during periods of involuntary…
a) unemployed |
b) employment |
c) unemployment |
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d) employers |
e) employees |
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II. Подберите эквиваленты из правого столбца к словам, |
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данным в левом столбце. |
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1) |
carry out (v) |
a) just |
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2) |
objective (n) |
b) doubtfulness |
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3) |
elimination (n) |
c) adaptable |
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4) |
occur (v) |
d) perform |
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5) |
safeguard (v) |
e) target |
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6) |
execution (n) |
f) removal |
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7) |
applicable (adj) |
g) happen |
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8) |
vary (v) |
h) guarantee |
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9) |
ambiguity (n) |
i) |
implementation |
10) fair (adj) |
j) |
diversify |
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III. Дополните приведенные ниже предложения следующими словами и сочетаниями.
a) until |
b) to take account of |
c) whether |
d) as far as |
e) in respect to |
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1.…the objective of the contract is clear a nd logical so it is successful.
2. While preparing the contract it is necessary… av ailability of building materials.
3.The Arbitrator is a person who decides… the cont ractor receives extra payment or not.
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4.There must be a provision that… completion of th e work the engineer’s decision of any question shall be final.
5.…the numerous clauses the engineer must necessar ily diversify considering local conditions.
IV. Соотнесите каждый глагол с русским эквивалентом.
1) |
apply |
a) подготавливать |
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2) |
eliminate |
b) гарантировать |
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3) |
vary |
c) случаться |
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4) |
prepare |
d) применять |
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5) |
carry out |
e) изменять |
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6) |
safeguard |
f) выполнять |
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7) |
occur |
g) исключать |
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8) |
remove |
h) завершать |
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9) |
complete |
i) |
задерживать |
10) delay |
j) |
устранять |
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V. Подберите правильную форму глагола в страдательном залоге.
1. Whole organizations… |
to achieve specific objecti ves within |
given time and costs constraints some years ago. |
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a) are being set up |
b) were set up |
c) have been set up
2.Engineering design… by our design institute now.
a) has been carried out |
b) was carried out |
c)is being carried out
3.A major restructuring project… recently.
a) has been completed |
b) has completed |
c) is being completed |
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4. The Conditions of Contract of Civil Engineering Construction… by both companies next week.
a) will have been discussed b) will discuss c) will be discussed
5. Most government projects… to competitive tender now.
a) were handed over |
b) are handed over |
c) is handed over |
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VI. Определите, чем являются подчеркнутые слова с окончанием -ing:
a) Participle I |
b) Gerund |
1.Major schemes include design and construction of a bridge connecting the city centre with the airport.
2.The further design development should be concentrated on cutting the cost of the structure.
3.Engineers should promote themselves with more vigour and start explaining their value to society.
4.Having close personal contact with the right people in government is vital to realization of projects.
5.The contractor is aiming to increase its workload at 30 % a year.
VII. Вставьте в приведенные ниже предложения соответствующие модальные глаголы.
a) should |
b) must |
c) may |
1.Overseas engineering and construction firms… reg ister to work in other countries.
2.The external effects of skill creation… shape th e process of economic development.
3. Accumulation of skills… produce a significant ex ternal effect on production.
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4.The engineer’s decision… be final until completi on of the construction work.
5.It’s important your contract… be professional
VIII. Выберите правильные ответы на вопросы.
1. |
Who has the right to decide extra payment to the contractor? |
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a) arbitrator |
b) engineer |
c) company |
2. |
What objective have the Conditions of Contract? |
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a) removal of ambiguities |
b) international standing |
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c) elimination of risks
3.What clauses must the Conditions of Contract take account of?
a) knowledge |
b) circumstances |
c) locality |
4. How are the interests of the employer safeguarded? |
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a) by an arbitrator’s decision |
b) by an engineer’s decision |
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c) by a company’s decision
5.What are international companies invited to do?
a) invest |
b) tender |
c) manage |
IX. В каких абзацах можно найти приведенные ниже утверждения?
1.Пункты договора должны включать устранение неопределенностей и, насколько возможно, риска, которые возникают в процессе строительства.
2.Международные компании приглашаются подавать заявки
на строительные работы.
3. До завершения строительных работ решение инженера по любому вопросу является окончательным.
4.Многочисленные пункты условий договора должны при необходимости изменяться.
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5.Были разработаны условия, которые должны оказать большую помощь в выполнении строительных программ.
X. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. |
The companies devised standard… |
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a) clauses |
b) conditions |
c) items |
2. |
There were some clauses which must necessarily… |
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a) vary |
b) invite |
c) decide |
3. |
The interests of the employer are guaranteed by… |
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a) decision |
b) payment |
c) provision |
4. |
…has the right to decide extra payment to a cont ractor. |
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a) an arbitrator |
b) an engineer |
c) a company |
5.International Companies are welcome to… for civi l engineering construction.
a) recognize |
b) refuse |
c) apply |
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SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ECONOMY
AND INDUSTRY IN UK
GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY IN UK
The Department of trade and Industry has specified its objective for industrial policy as:
–working for trade liberalization;
–promoting British exports;
–stimulating innovation;
–improving the flow of information to business;
–encouraging competition;
–working towards a light but effective framework of market regulation;
–reducing administrative burdens on business;
–consulting business and consumers when developing policy; and helping the less well-off regions.
Small Firms
Small businesses employ more than a third of the private sector workforce and are responsible for one-sixth of total turnover. The Government provides financial assistance and guidance to help with problems affecting small companies.
Inward Investment
Britain is considered an attractive location for inward investment, because of its membership of the EC and proximity to other European markets, and low corporate and personal taxation. Foreignowned firms are offered the same incentives by the Government as British-owned ones.
Regulation of Markets
While preferring to let markets operate as freely as possible, the Government recognizes that intervention is sometimes needed. Hence, it regulates monopolies, mergers, anticompetitive practices, restrictive trade practices, and resale price maintenance. In 1991 six monopoly situations were reported on and 185 mergers qualified for investigation.
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Public finance
Central government raises money from individuals and companies through direct and indirect taxation. It spends money on goods and services, such as health and defence, and as payment to people, for instance, social security.
The main sources of revenue are personal income tax, corporation tax, petroleum revenue tax, inheritance tax, capital gains tax, valued added tax (VAT), and customs and excise duties. Other sources include National Insurance contribution, vehicle excise duty and local taxes on people and businesses.
Test to the text «Government and industry in UK »
I. Соотнесите словосочетания с их объяснением.
1) |
the tax, imposed upon the raised price |
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a) capital gains tax |
b) valued added tax |
2) |
the process of broadening the national trade |
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a) trade liberalization |
b) trade expansion |
3)the unwarranted putting obstacles in the commercial development by some officials
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a) inheritance tax |
b) administrative burdens |
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4) |
the community of people, buying the production |
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a) consumers |
b) producers |
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5) |
the capital used to develop the industry |
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a) income |
b) investment |
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II. Составьте пары антонимов. |
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1) export |
a) |
reduction |
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2) consumer |
b) |
foreign |
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3) sale |
c) |
private |
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4) direct |
d) |
buying |
5) promote |
e) |
remoteness |
6) proximity |
f) |
producer |
7) state-owned |
g) |
indirect |
8) expansion |
h) |
import |
9) local |
i) |
prevent |
III. Соотнесите глагол с существительным.
1) to specify |
a) trade liberalization |
2) to work for |
b) administrative burdens |
3) to provide |
c) innovation |
4) to reduce |
d) assistance |
5) to employ |
e) objectives |
6) to stimulate |
f) private sector workforce |
7) to raise |
g) monopolies and mergers |
8) to regulate |
h) money |
IV. Укажите, чем является форма с окончанием -ed:
a)P II в роли определения
b)глагол в Past Simple Active
1.The Government provided financial assistance to help with problems affecting small companies.
2.The Government undertakes some needed intervention.
3.Foreign-owned firms have the same incentives as British-owned ones.
4.The State reported on 6 monopoly situations in 1991.
5.Valued added tax is one of the main sources of revenue.
V. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол.
1. |
The Department of Trade and Industry… specified some objec- |
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tives for industrial policy. |
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a) would |
b) has |
c) is |
2. |
Small businesses… responsible for one-sixth of t otal turnover. |
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a) are |
b) will |
c) has |
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3. |
The main sources of revenue… personal income tax |
, corporation |
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tax and many others. |
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a) will be |
b) are |
c) is |
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4. |
Britain… considered an attractive location for i nward investment. |
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a) are |
b) is |
c) was |
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5. |
In 1991 six monopoly situations… reported on. |
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a) will be |
b) has been |
c) were |
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VI. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским. |
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1. |
The Government provides |
financial assistance |
and guidance |
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to help with problems affecting small companies. |
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A.Финансовая поддержка и руководство государства помогают малым предприятиям решать их проблемы.
B.Государство оказывает финансовую и управленческую поддержку, чтобы помочь малым предприятиям в решении касающихся их проблем.
2.While preferring to let markets operate as freely as possible, the Government recognizes that intervention is sometimes needed.
A.Придерживаясь политики невмешательства в дела рынка, государство признает, что вмешательство иногда необходимо.
B.Позволяя рынку функционировать как можно свободнее, государство все же иногда вмешивается в рыночные отношения.
3.The Department of Trade and Industry has specified such objective for industrial policy as working for trade liberalization.
A.Расширение торговли – одна из целей, установленных Министерством торговли и промышленности.
B.Министерство торговли и промышленности определило такую цель промышленной политики, как стремление к расширению торговли.
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