Reader with exercises (книга для чтения на английском языке с лексико-грамматическими упражнениями). Учебное пособие
.pdfTest to the text «Dams»
I. Соотнесите приведенные ниже слова с их объяснением.
1) diversion (n) |
a) |
an action of flowing or channeling, |
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diverting |
2) drainage (n) |
b) |
removing water along another way |
3) irrigation (n) |
c) |
the process of fulfilment or carrying |
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out smth. |
4) executing (n) |
d) |
to make something better |
5) improve (v) |
e) |
watering the areas, which need it |
6) erection (n) |
f) |
convenient (position, time, place…) |
7) suitable (adj) |
g) |
the process of building or constructing |
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any installation |
8) divide (v) |
h) |
to break up into parts, between |
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or among smb. |
9) raise (v) |
i) |
to bring something to a high level |
10) aqueduct (n) j) a pipe for water, w. Line
II.Подберите по смыслу слова к следующим предложениям.
1. |
The first dam was built in… |
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a) Spain |
b) Egypt |
c) China |
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d) Paris |
e) Rome |
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2. |
These early works were not… by engineers in the |
modern sense |
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of the word. |
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a) designed |
b) modified |
c) protected |
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d) sounded |
e) improved |
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3. |
Diversion dams are used… the |
level of the |
water surface |
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of streams… |
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a) to become |
b) to interpret |
c) to improve |
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d) to divide |
e) to raise |
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4. |
Classification of dams is made according to the… |
of the structure. |
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a) nature |
b) effect |
c) design |
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d) knowledge |
e) drainage |
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5. Storage dams are built for the purpose of forming impounding
or distributing… |
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a) reservoirs |
b) sites |
c) existence |
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d) projects |
e) importance |
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III. Соотнесите |
глагол с |
нужным существительным |
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(по тексту). |
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1) |
to justify |
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a) |
water |
2) |
to convey |
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b) |
stream |
3) |
to divert |
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c) |
supposition |
4) |
to build |
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d) |
level |
5) |
to make |
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e) |
a site |
6) |
to raise |
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f) |
works |
7) |
to use |
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g) |
a dam |
8) |
to provide |
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h) |
purposes |
9) |
to execute |
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i) |
building materials |
10) to serve |
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j) |
efforts |
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IV. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским.
1.The first dam was used to divert the river and provide a site for the city.
A.Первая плотина использовалась для того, чтобы не отводить реку на участке земли, отведенном для города.
B.Первая плотина была использована для отведения реки
ипредоставления участка для города.
2.Dams serve two general purposes, namely, storage and diversion.
A.Плотины служат двум целям: снабжению и распределению.
B.Плотины служат двум общим целям, а именно: хранению
иотведению.
3.This dam is no longer in existence.
A.Эта плотина длиннее сама по себе.
B.Эта плотина больше не существует.
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V. Укажите предложения, в которых глагол «to be» является вспомогательным для образования страдательного залога.
1.The first hydraulic engineering project was lost in the mist of the pre-historic time.
2.The earliest large-scale drainage and irrigation works were built in Egypt about 3200 B.C.
3.The aqueducts were to bring water to the city of Rome.
4.The first dams were on the Nile River before 4000 B.C.
5.According to the structural design all dams may be divided into the following types: gravity, arch and buttress.
VI. Определите, чем является подчеркнутое слово.
1.The oldest Almansa Dam in Spain was constructed in the sixteenth century.
a) Participle I |
b) Participle II |
c) Verb in the Past Simple Tense (Active)
2.Storage dams are built for the purpose of forming different reservoirs.
a) Verbal Noun |
b) Participle I |
c) Gerund |
3.These early works were not designed by engineers.
a)Participle II b) Verb in the Past Simple Tense (Active)
c)Gerund
4.The ancient builders employed intuitive judgement in executing
their works. |
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a) Verbal Noun |
b) Verb in the Past Simple Tense (Active) |
c) Participle II
5.It was used to divert the river and provide a site for the ancient city.
a) Participle |
b) Gerund |
c) Infinitive |
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VII. Завершите предложения. |
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1. |
The first dam built on the Nile River is no longer in… |
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a) drainage |
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b) existence |
c) irrigation |
2. |
With the passage of time, the materials and methods of construc- |
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tion have been… |
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a) improved |
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b) raised |
c) made |
3. |
Dams serve two main purposes namely, storage and… |
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a) construction |
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b) amazing |
c) diversion |
4. |
The oldest dam still in use was constructed in… |
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a) sixteenth century |
b) 850 B.C. |
c) 4000 B.C. |
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5. |
Impounding structures include: |
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a) channels |
b) embankments |
c) supply systems |
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VIII. Выберите правильные ответы на приведенные ниже |
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вопросы. |
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1. |
What part does water still play in the economy of the country? |
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a) amazing |
b) negligible |
c) very important |
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2.Have the materials and methods of construction been improved making it possible the erection of large structures?
A.Yes, they have been improved.
B.No, they have not.
C.They are not.
3.Is an irrigation project in China, dating from 850 B.C., also still in use?
A. Certainly, not. |
B. Yes, it is. |
C. No, it is not. |
4.What purposes do dams serve?
A.Dams serve two main purposes: storage and diversion.
B.Dams serve the purpose of storing building materials.
C.Dams serve the purpose of creating monuments of culture.
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5.How is classification of dams made?
A.According to the design of the structures and the building materials used.
B.According to the location of dams.
C.According to the efforts of engineers.
IX. Какое из приведенные ниже утверждений является верным?
1.Classification of dams is made according to its appearance.
2.All dams may be built in stone.
3.The ancient builders employed an intuitive judgement in planning their works.
4.According to the building materials all dams are classified as follows: earth-fill, rock-fill, timber and others.
5.Diversion dams are used to divert water into a pump intake structures, or to provide a suitable sump for a pumping station.
X. Какие из приведенные ниже утверждений не соответствуют тематике текста?
1.Water can thus be considered as the most important raw material of civilization.
2.Some ancient men conceived the ideas of diversion of the stream flow from a natural channel to an artificial one.
3.Timber dams are built for the purpose of forming impounding or distributing reservoirs.
4.A person of an ancient time wanted to convey water to some point where it was needed for crops or humans.
5.The ancient builders employed primitive instruments.
THE ENGINEER’S ROLE IN WATER SUPPLY
AND WASTEWATER DISPOSAL
Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers. The field
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of water quality control is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of biological, chemical and physical principles in association with engineering techniques. The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing the spread of waterborne disease.
The responsibilities of the engineer start with the provision of an ample supply of wholesome water, i.e. a water free from:
–visible suspended matter;
–colour;
–taste and odour;
–objection dissolved matter;
–aggressive constituents;
–bacteria indicative of pollution.
The water must be fir for human consumption, i.e. potable, but it should also be palatable, i.e. aesthetically attractive. In addition, as far as is feasible it should be suitable for uses other than drinking, e.g. sufficiently soft for washing, etc. Assessment of the quantity of water available from a particular source is of vital importance and depends upon knowledge of the hydrological cycle and the ability to measure the amounts of water in the various components of the cycle. Total annual precipitation in temperate regions is approximately equally divided into run-off, evaporation and transpiration, and infiltration. This precipitation produces an available water supply on a global basis of about 20,000 m³ per person per year.
However, water shortages occur because the spatial distribution of rainfall is uneven and heavily industrialized communities, which are generally sited in areas of low rainfall, consume very large amounts of water. In some areas, therefore, the demand for water exceeds the locally available natural fresh water resources. The science of hydrology, which is concerned with the quantity of water available, thus plays an important role in water resources considerations and it must be appreciated that quality and quantity of water resources cannot be dealt with in isolation.
Having obtained a suitable quality and quantity of water by selection of source and treatment processes, the treated water must be delivered to the consumer via a complex distribution system. Domes-
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tic and industrial use of water results in deterioration in quality and the wastewaters must be collected and subjected to appropriate treatment before discharge to the environment.
In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water quality control, e.g. water supply or wastewater treatment. However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and treated effluent is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject. The establishment of multi-purpose water authorities responsible for the whole water cycle, in the UK and in other parts of the world, recognizes the interdependence between water, wastewater and pollution control.
Test to the text «The engineer’s role in water supply and wastewater disposal»
I. Найдите синонимы.
1) |
component (n) |
a) |
total |
2) |
whole (adj) |
b) |
generally |
3) |
field (n) |
c) |
amount |
4) |
quantity (n) |
d) |
constituent |
5) |
supply (n) |
e) |
about |
6) |
approximately (adv) |
f) |
suitable |
7) |
use (n) |
g) |
area |
8) |
fit (adj) |
h) |
delivery |
9) |
discharge (n) |
i) |
application |
10) |
usually (adv) |
j) |
run-off |
II. Соотнесите приведенные ниже понятия с объяснениями.
1) vital (adj) |
a) |
household classification, of the home |
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(family affairs) |
2) global (adj) |
b) |
organic, affective (life) |
3) application (n) |
c) |
substance of which a physical thing is |
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made; physical substance; material |
4) evaporation (n) |
d) |
business; taking or holding possession |
5) distribution (n) |
e) |
to stop, hinder |
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6) available (adj) |
f) |
division into parts or arranging |
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7) domestic (adj) |
g) |
world-wide |
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8) occupation (n) |
h) |
turn from solid or liquid into vapour |
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9) prevent (v) |
i) |
capable of being used; at one’s disposal |
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10) matter (n) |
j) |
employment of means; putting one |
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thing to another |
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III. Подберите соответствующие словосочетания, пользуясь |
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данными таблицы. |
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a) wastewater treatment b) vital importance |
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c) |
spatial distribution |
d) temperate regions |
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e) |
a treated effluent |
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1. Total annual precipitation in… is approximately equally divided into run-off, evaporation and transpiration, and infiltration.
2.In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water supply control, e.g. water supply or…
3.However, water shortages occur because… of rainf all is uneven and heavily industrialized communities, which are generally sited in areas of low rainfall, consume very large amounts of water.
4.Assessment of the quantity of water available from a particular source is of… and depends upon knowledge of the hyd rological cycle and the ability to measure the amounts of water in the various components of the cycle.
5.However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and… is becoming less clea r and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject.
IV. Найдите в каждой группе слов существительное.
1. |
a) prevent |
b) preventing |
c) preventive |
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d) prevention |
e) prevented |
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2. |
a) distributable |
b) distribution |
c) distribute |
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d) distributive |
e) distributing |
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3. |
a) human |
b) humanize |
c) humanity |
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d) humanly |
e) humane |
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4. |
a) particularity |
b) particular |
c) particularize |
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d) particularly |
e) particularized |
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5. |
a) divide |
b) divided |
c) dividing |
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d) dividual |
e) divider |
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V. Завершите разделительный вопрос.
1.The engineer, in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing the spread of waterborne disease, …
a) doesn’t he? b) isn’t he? c) hasn’t he?
2. In the past an engineer would usually specialize in one particular aspect of water quality control, e.g. water supply or wastewater
treatment, … |
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a) didn’t he? |
b) wouldn’t he? |
c) hadn’t he? |
3.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal, …
a) aren’t they? |
b) haven’t they? |
c) don’t they? |
4.The responsibilities of the engineer start with the provision of an ample supply of wholesome water, …
a) haven’t they? b) aren’t they? |
c) don’t they? |
5.Assessment of the quantity of water available from particular source is of vital importance, …
a) isn’t it? |
b) doesn’t it |
c) hasn’t it? |
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VI. Выберите предложения, содержащие герундий, из подчеркнутых ing-форм.
1.Civil engineers have traditionally been concerned with water supply and wastewater disposal and indeed public health engineering is probably the largest single occupation of civil engineers.
2.The field of water quality control is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of biological, chemical and physical principles in association with engineering techniques.
3.The engineer in cooperation with biologists and chemists, plays a major role in preventing spread of waterborne disease.
4.However, with more intensive use of water resources the dividing line between a raw water and treated effluent is becoming less clear and the need is for a broad knowledge of all aspects of the subject.
5.Having obtained a suitable quality and quantity of water by selection of source and treatment processes, the treated water must be delivered to the consumer via complex distribution system.
VII. Завершите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1.The science of hydrology, which is concerned with the quantity of water available, thus, plays an important role in…
a) water resources |
b) wholesome water |
c) raw water |
2. The water must be fit for human consumption, i.e. … |
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a) taste and odour |
b) suitable for uses |
c) portable |
3.The establishment of multi-purpose water authorities responsible for the whole water cycle, in the UK and in…
a) some areas |
b) in temperate regions |
c) in other parts |
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