Reader with exercises (книга для чтения на английском языке с лексико-грамматическими упражнениями). Учебное пособие

Test to the text «W ater quality problems»

I. Соотнесите словосочетания с их объяснением.

1)wastes consisting of hard substances or remnants from industrial activities

4)a disease caused by bacteria communicated by water, especially drinking water

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IV. Выберите предложения, где формы с окончанием -ed являются причастием прошедшего времени в роли определения.

1.A community needs a required supply of potable water.

2.The Romans constructed great aqueducts and sewers for the city of Rome.

3.Developed countries banished waterborne diseases due to proper

attention to pollution prevention and water quality.

4. Wherever a number of people live together in a community a supply of potable water is required.

5. In more advanced countries this pollution becomes impracticable.

V. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол.

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5. Measures… being taken at the moment to help impr ove the global environment.

a) have b) will c) are

VI. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским.

1.Only by continued attention to pollution prevention and water quality has it been possible to banish waterborne diseases from developed countries.

A.И только благодаря непрерывному вниманию к проблемам предотвращения загрязнения и качества воды стало возможным искоренить в развитых странах заболевания, вызванные загрязнением воды.

B.Непрерывное внимание к проблемам загрязнения воды и ее качеству в развитых странах помогло искоренить заболевания, вызванные загрязнением воды.

2.It’s measure of the problem to be faced in developing countries that in such areas 5 mln babies die every year from waterborne diseases.

A.Масштаб проблемы, с которым сталкиваются в развивающихся странах, таков, что в этих регионах 5 млн детей умирают ежегодно от заболеваний, вызванных загрязнением воды.

B.Проблема в том, что ежегодно в развивающихся странах 5 млн детей умирают от заболеваний, вызванных загрязнением воды.

3.Such is the growth of population in these areas that the percentage of people without sanitary water will increase in future.

A.В будущем с ростом населения в этих регионах процент людей, не имеющих доступ к очищенной воде, будет расти.

B.Рост населения в этих регионах таков, что процент людей, лишенных очищенной воды, будет расти.

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VII. Какое из приведенных ниже словосочетаний содержит ответ на следующий вопрос?

What can make the surroundings unpleasant and unhealthy?

1)wars on the planet

2)planting of greenery

3)use of natural resources

4)the liquid and solid wastes from the community

5)waterborne and airborne diseases

VIII. Какое предложение не соответствует содержанию текста?

1.Heavily industrialized countries cannot satisfy the demands for water without its re-use.

2.Rural populations in developing countries are very often without reasonable access to safe water.

3.Continued vigilance and the application of advanced technology will be essential to overcome the problems inherent in the re-use of water.

4.Man’s prime need in his environment is for water.

5.Many countries support measures that help improve the global environment.

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5) Many rural populations in develop- e) re-use of water ing countries are without…

X. Какие из утверждений неверны?

1.Man’s prime need in his environment is for water.

2.The liquid and solid wastes from a community are so inessential that cannot render the surroundings unpleasant and unhealthy.

3.Water, thus, can be considered the most important raw material of civilization.

4.The growing populations and industrial developments demand ever-increasing supplies of water.

5.The remedy to pollution problems can be moving the community to a new unspoilt site on the planet nowadays.

WATER QUALITY CONTROL

Water quality control has a long history, and archaeological investigations in the Middle and Far East have revealed towns with sewer systems built several thousand years B.C. The Romans constructed great aqueducts and sewers for the city of Rome at the time of Christ, but in the rest of Europe little was done to promote public health and improve the environment for many centuries. In England attempts were made by Richard II in 1388 and Henry VIII in 1531 to prevent water pollution due to cesspool discharges. Although the larger towns were provided with sewerage systems, these were intended purely for the conveyance of surface-water and discharge into them of domestic wastes was expressly forbidden until 1815. In 1847 a law was passed to enforce discharge of cesspool wastes to sewers which had disastrous results for the inhabitants of London in particular. London’s sewers drained to the Thames from which much of the city’s water was obtained, and because of the age and poor state of repair of many of the sewers their contents leaked into the waterbearing strata which was the other main source of water. As a result water supplies become increasingly contaminated by sewage, the Thames became most objectionable to sight and smell and a series of cholera outbreaks eventually demonstrated the connection between

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diseases such as cholera and typhoid and polluted drinking water. The Broad Street Pump outbreak of 1854, in which there were 10,000 cholera deaths in a population of 2.5 million, provided conclusive evidence of the connection. It was until 1870 that waterborne diseases in London came under control following completion of the first great public health engineering works of modern times, the construction of new sewers by Bazalgette and the abstraction of water from Teddington upstream of the polluted reaches of the Thames.

Conditions similar to those which existed in London were found in other parts of the world following the great expansion of urban communities during the Industrial Revolution.

Test to the text «W ater quality control»

I. Найдите русские эквиваленты к английским словам.

II. Какое обобщающее слово объединяет приведенные ниже понятия?

Aqueduct, sewer, water pollution, cesspool discharge, sewerage systems, domestic wastes, surface water, drainage, water bearing strata, source of water, pump, sewage, waterborne diseases.

1) medicine 2) art 3) water supply and water sewerage

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4.A series of cholera outbreaks in the south of our country… the connection between diseases and polluted drinking water.

a)must be collected and subjected

b)must collect and subject

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V. Найдите предложения, содержащие эмфатическую конструкцию.

1.It was not until 1870 that waterborne diseases in London came under control.

2.Very little was done to promote public health and improve the environment for many centuries in the rest of Europe.

3.Excretal contamination of drinking, water leads to a vicious circle of internal disorders and it is important to stop spoiling water.

4.It was the growing use of chlorine compounds called chlorofluorocarbons which led to the appearance of the Antarctic hole.

5.It is evident that there is a need for an international agreement that would completely stop CFC production.

VI. Найдите предложения, где «that» («those») является заместителем существительного.

1.Researchers suggest that the level of CFCs in the atmosphere is actually increasing by 5 per cent each year.

2.That problem was one of the priority questions at the conference.

3.It was not until 1870 that waterborne diseases in London came under control.

4.Conditions similar to those which existed in London were found in other parts of the world.

5.Water shortages are stronger in areas of low rainfall than those of located near water resources and having humid climates.

VII. Определите, на какой из вопросов приведенное ниже утверждение является ответом.

1.The Thames became most objectionable to sight and smell and a series of cholera outbreaks eventually demonstrated the connection between diseases such as cholera and typhoid and polluted drinking water.

A.What made the Thames objectionable to sight and smell?

B.When were cholera outbreaks registered in London?

C.What did a series of cholera outbreaks demonstrate?

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2.It was not until 1870 that waterborne diseases in London came under control.

A.When did cholera outbreaks happen in London?

B.Is there any connection between waterborne diseases and water quality?

C.When did waterborne diseases come under control in London?

3.Conditions similar to those which existed in London were found in other parts of the world following the great expansion of urban communities during the Industrial Revolution.

A.What was the reason of waterborne diseases in other parts of the world?

B.Why did the water supplies become contaminated in London?

C. What was the result of the Broad Street Pump outbreak of 1854 in London?

VIII. Соотнесите части предложений по смыслу.

IX. Какие из приведенных ниже утверждений являются верными?

1.Cholera and typhoid were brought to London by newcomers from other countries.

2.Londoners never took water from the Thames.

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3.Water supplies of the city of London became increasingly contaminated by sewage.

4.It wasn’t until 1870 that waterborne diseases in London came under control.

5.The great expansion of urban communities during the Industrial Revolution put an end to waterborne diseases.

X. К какой теме относятся все три предложения?

1.Much of our waste, waste from factories, the chemical industry, heavy industry are very dangerous.

2.Each of us must do everything possible to keep the land, air, water clean.

3.It should be noted that people themselves think very little of so-

cial ecology.

a) Water quality control b) Sanitary construction c) Nature protection

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